Recently, many farmers have responded that their summer corn has put on a "miniskirt", as well as empty stalks, poor seed setting and other phenomena, generally speaking, this belongs to the phenomenon of abnormal female ear differentiation and male ear stunted development in the process of corn growth. Let's start with a set of videos.
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According to the survey of Sheqi County Agricultural Technology Extension Center, there are three prominent problems in the current summer maize seedling situation:
The survey found that the short bract plots were sown between the end of May and June 5, and the plots sown after June 8 were basically normal.
According to the meteorological data provided by the Meteorological Bureau, from the end of May to the beginning of July, the meteorological conditions of continuous drought, little rain and high temperature turned sharply into the continuous heavy precipitation in the first half of July, resulting in waterlogging and lack of rain. In particular, the continuous drought and lack of rain at the end of June to the beginning of July, for the corn sown from May 25th to June 5th, it is in the male and female ear differentiation period of corn, which has a great impact, and the drought and lack of rain in this period seriously affect the male and female ear differentiation of corn. thereafter
In addition to the above reasons, the reasons for the phenomenon of corn "miniskirts" are as follows:
1. Pharmaceutical problems: spraying chemical control agents or triazole fungicides before tasseling may lead to unsynchronized development of bracts and ears.
2. Disease problem: When corn is infected with a disease, it may affect the normal growth and development of some of its organs, and there are different degrees of changes or deformities.
3. Potassium deficiency: If the grains at the top of the panicle are small and abnormally white, it may be caused by potassium deficiency in the soil.
4. Drought and water shortage from jointing to flare stage: Drought or late watering at this stage will cause the differentiation of bracts and ears to be out of sync, resulting in the phenomenon of short bracts.
5. Excessive density: high planting density may cause poor ventilation and light transmission conditions in the later stage of corn growth, easy lodging, malnutrition, and will also affect the development of ear ears.
6. Deficiency of trace elements: the lack of boron, copper, manganese, molybdenum, zinc and other trace elements in the soil has an adverse effect on the formation of male pollen of maize and the activity during pollination, which may lead to stunted development, degradation or deformity of the ear.
7. Panicle tip spikelet degradation or late development of apical filament: degeneration of spikelet at the tip of the ear, or non-development of female flowers, as well as late development of apical filament, delayed silking, and can not be paired with male flowers when flowering, will affect the normal pollination and fruiting of corn.
In the face of the phenomenon of empty corn stalks and miniskirts, how should we deal with it? On July 30, the Nanyang Municipal Bureau of Agriculture and Rural Affairs issued a notice to farmers on the official website: the reasons for the lack of male and female flowering of corn and suggestions for measures. Countermeasures are given. The details are as follows.
Suggested measures:
1. Increase the application of organic fertilizer, top application of chemical fertilizer (mainly nitrogen fertilizer) 10~20 kg/mu, which can effectively meet the nutrient demand at this time, and the operability of production is also strong, and foliar spraying of 0.2-0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate plus 1% urea solution can be considered to promote the balanced development of corn.
2. Strengthen deep tillage and weed hoeing prevention in the field, drain water after waterlogging, disperse moisture and cool down, reduce soil water holding capacity and field humidity as much as possible, increase soil permeability, and promote root growth and soil nutrient absorption and utilization.
3. Pay attention to the prevention and control of pests and diseases. Weak corn fields are more prone to pest and disease damage in the later stage, so it is necessary to strengthen prevention and control. The diseases and insect pests in the later stage of corn silking are mainly aphids, large and small spot diseases, and bacterial wilt. Pyrethroid and nicotinic pesticides can be used for the control of aphids, such as cypermethrin, thiamethoxam, etc., and can also play an effective role in the control of other pests; Prevention of large and small spot diseases and bacterial wilt is the mainstay.
Fourth, small plots can be manually assisted pollination to reduce losses. If the male panicle emerges early, the bract leaves of the female panicle can be cut off by about 1 cm to promote the development of the female panicle and spin silk in advance; If the silking is early, the filaments can be cut short to make the flowering period meet. After the dew dries at 9-10 a.m. on a sunny day, the pollination is carried out at most, and pollination should be carried out while pollinating, otherwise the pollen activity will be affected for too long. Artificially assisted pollination can reduce losses by more than 30%.
Editor: Agricultural Dictionary
Source: Comprehensively compiled from Nanyang Municipal Bureau of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sheqi County Agricultural Technology Extension Center, etc