The integrated development of urban and rural areas is an inevitable requirement of Chinese modernization. The Decision of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on Further Deepening Reform and Promoting Chinese-style Modernization (hereinafter referred to as the "Decision") adopted by the Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China has made a series of important arrangements for improving the system and mechanism of urban-rural integrated development.
Wei Houkai, director and researcher of the Institute of Rural Development of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, said in an exclusive interview with Nanfang + reporters that to promote the integrated development of urban and rural areas, it is necessary to take the overall planning of new industrialization, new urbanization and comprehensive rural revitalization as an important starting point, further deepen the reform of relevant systems and mechanisms, promote the equal exchange and two-way free flow of urban and rural elements, and truly realize the "two-way travel" of urban and rural areas.
A new type of urban-rural relationship between industry and agriculture should be formed, in which industry supplements agriculture and cities lead rural areas
South+: The integrated development of urban and rural areas is an inevitable requirement of Chinese-style modernization, and the starting point given by the "Decision" is that "new industrialization, new urbanization and comprehensive rural revitalization must be coordinated".
Wei Houkai: To properly handle the relationship between these three, the most crucial and core thing is to persist in giving priority to the development of agriculture and rural areas, improve the support system for strengthening agriculture and benefiting farmers and rich peasants, and form a new type of urban-rural relationship between industry and agriculture and urban areas leading rural areas.
In fact, the overall planning of new industrialization, new urbanization and comprehensive rural revitalization, all parts of the country, including Guangdong, has been promoted, Guangdong proposed the in-depth implementation of the "high-quality development project of 100 counties, 100 towns and 100 villages", is to coordinate the new industrialization, new urbanization and comprehensive revitalization of the countryside, which will help to break the imbalance between urban and county development, urban and rural development and regional development.
Next, Guangdong should coordinate new industrialization, new urbanization and comprehensive rural revitalization at a higher level, and should promote provincial integration throughout the province, give full play to the role of provincial and municipal governments, and create a new type of assistance community with shared benefits.
South+: Equal exchange of urban and rural elements and two-way free flow are important prerequisites for urban-rural integration. How to break through the barriers to the flow of factors and promote the integrated development of urban and rural areas?
Wei Houkai: In accordance with the deployment requirements of the "Decision", we should comprehensively deepen the reform of the comprehensive supporting system in urban and rural areas, establish and improve the "four systems" of household registration, land management, employment management and social security in urban and rural areas, and build the "two systems" of unified public service and social governance in urban and rural areas.
Specifically, at present, to promote the equal exchange and two-way flow of urban and rural elements, we should focus on urban and rural population migration, capital flow, and land circulation. It is necessary to conform to the people-oriented trend of new urbanization, implement the policy of comprehensively liberalizing the restrictions on settlement, open up the channels for farmers to enter the city in an all-round way, accelerate the local citizenization of migrant workers employed in the county, and encourage migrant workers to return to their hometowns for employment and entrepreneurship, and guide urban residents to go to the countryside for consumption and pension; It is necessary to solve the contradiction between the outflow of funds at the county level and the difficulty of farmers' loans as soon as possible, increase financial support for agriculture and rural areas, encourage and support urban capital to go to the countryside, and establish a diversified investment and financing mechanism for rural revitalization; It is necessary to continue to deepen the reform of the "three plots of land," and in particular, it is necessary to open up a channel between the withdrawal of rural homesteads of peasants who have settled in the cities and the entry of collectively operated construction land into the market, and establish a unified urban and rural construction land market as soon as possible, so as to lay the foundation for the eventual establishment of a unified urban and rural land market.
Expand the county's enrichment industry according to local conditions
South+: In terms of improving the support system for strengthening agriculture and benefiting farmers and rich farmers, the "Decision" emphasizes the need to "strengthen the county-level industry to enrich the people", what are your suggestions for this?
Wei Houkai: Industrial revitalization is the foundation for county development and farmers' income. Experience shows that the key to the prosperity of the county economy lies in whether there is solid industrial support.
For the expansion of the county's enrichment industry, we can focus on the following four aspects: First, based on the county's resources, ecology and cost advantages, with the county as an important carrier, vigorously develop modern advantageous industrial clusters with their own characteristics and in line with the main functional positioning, and the development of urban and rural industries at the county level should be based on the different positioning of the main functional areas and implement differentiated industrial development orientation.
Second, different counties have different resource endowments and stages of economic development, so they should develop a modern industrial system with their own characteristics according to local conditions, and the most important point is to coordinate the comprehensive revitalization of new industrialization, new urbanization and rural areas, promote the comprehensive integration of people, industry and city, and guide the agglomeration of population to guide the agglomeration of population, and promote the construction of urbanization with the agglomeration of population.
Third, it is necessary to extend the industrial chain in both directions with the integration of urban and rural areas, build an integrated industrial chain of urban and rural areas with vertical and horizontal integration, fully tap the multi-dimensional functions of agriculture, vigorously develop ecological agriculture, leisure agriculture, creative agriculture and smart agriculture, and promote the deep integration of agriculture and secondary and tertiary industries such as e-commerce logistics, cultural tourism, leisure and health care.
Fourth, it is necessary to promote urban industrial and commercial capital to go to the countryside, encourage in-depth cooperation between the urban state-owned economy and the rural collective economy, encourage leading enterprises and rural capital to take root in the countryside, and form a community of interests with farmers' cooperatives, village collectives, farmers, etc., to build a long-term mechanism for win-win sharing.
South+: Industrial revitalization is inseparable from the active cultivation of new rural industries and new formats, in your opinion, how to cultivate new rural industries and new formats?
Wei Houkai: The revitalization of rural industries requires the continuous emergence of new business forms. In order to cultivate new industries and new forms of business in rural areas, various measures can be taken. The first is to strengthen the cultivation of talents, not only to improve the quality of rural residents, but also to introduce and make good use of talents in line with the development of new industries and new forms of business, so as to use them for the comprehensive revitalization of rural areas. The second is to create a good environment for the development of new industries and new forms of business in rural areas. Third, it is necessary to increase the policy support for new industries and new forms of business in rural areas, as long as it is accurate, and represents the future development direction of the industry, in terms of finance, finance, land and other aspects, should increase support. Fourth, it is necessary to summarize the successful experience of the development of some new industries and new forms of business in some rural areas in a timely manner, increase promotion, and play a demonstration and leading role in a larger scope.
Stimulate the vitality of the new rural collective economy
South+: Agricultural and rural work, say 1,000, 10,000, increase farmers' income is the key. The "Decision" proposes to "consolidate and improve the basic rural management system" and makes a number of key arrangements. How do we move forward? Do you have any suggestions for Guangdong?
Wei Houkai: First, it is necessary to vigorously develop a new type of rural collective economy through multiple channels, further deepen the reform of the rural property rights system, deepen the reform of the "separation of three rights" of rural contracted land, invigorate the management rights of contracted land, and further deepen the reform of the "separation of three rights" of homestead land, focus on invigorating the use rights of homestead land and peasants' houses, open up sources of property income for rural residents, revitalize all kinds of idle resources in rural areas, and improve the efficiency of resource use. In addition, the Law of the People's Republic of China on Rural Collective Economic Organizations, which has been adopted and will come into force in May next year, stipulates that "rural collective economic organizations may contribute funds to establish or participate in the establishment of companies, farmers' professional cooperatives and other market entities in accordance with the law", which provides legal support for rural collective economic organizations to establish market economic entities. Many strong village companies in Zhejiang are actually enterprises run by rural collective economic organizations, and through these enterprises, they carry out business operations, which is conducive to the development and expansion of a new type of rural collective economy. At the same time, it is also necessary to intensify the operation of villages, enhance the brand value of villages, and improve the development level and quality of village collective economy.
Second, it is necessary to adopt the method of getting rich first and leading the latter to become rich, so that the villages that develop first will develop together with the economically weak villages. At present, there are many places in Guangdong that are exploring, such as the Pearl River Delta and eastern Guangdong, western Guangdong and northern Guangdong in the counterpart assistance there are many villages in pairing and common development, such as Guangzhou and Qingyuan between the "Red Union Co-construction", Foshan and Yunfu "village enterprise co-construction, village and village pairing", etc., some adopt party building alliances, some group development, some form a consortium, etc., can be adapted to local conditions, adopt a variety of models to promote the joint development of villages.
(Reporter Huang Jin)
(The author is a researcher and director of the Institute of Rural Development, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences; Rural Discoveries Transferred from: South+)