The lifetime prevalence is 14.2%-22.7%! Be careful, it will be life-threatening丨Health Mobilization

自杀
指故意杀死自己的行为在自杀死亡意愿支配下出现故意伤害自己生命安全的行为根据WHO2017年数据自杀意念的终生患病率为14.2%—22.7%青少年自杀发生率在所有人群中最高自杀是15—29岁人群的第二位致死原因      

本期嘉宾


        
  
             


上海市精神卫生中心浦江医院

精神心理科副主任医师

闵行区医学会科普专家库成员 孙国英






      

What kind of people are prone to suicide, Psychological characteristics of people who are prone to suicide: (1) Cognitive aspects: a. Narrow cognitive scope, either/or, partial generalization, unable to objectively evaluate in the face of difficulties and setbacks B. Facing difficulties, unable to correctly evaluate their own abilities, or lacking skills to cope with difficulties C. Lack of patience, unwilling to wait, hoping to solve difficulties in a short time D. Taking suicide as a means to solve problems (one hundred times, with a clear will to die) E. Hesitating, no assertiveness, and impulsive behavior (2) Emotional aspects: negative emotions are dominant, anxiety, depression, guilt, Boredom, anger, annoyance, etc. (3) Poor interpersonal relationships: often lose established interpersonal relationships, unable to establish new interpersonal relationships, and avoid social interactions (4) The frequency of recent stressful events is high (economic badness, facing layoffs, and facing serious illness; The child's parents divorced and were bullied at school) (5) High self-esteem and oversensitivity (especially teenagers, who care too much about the image in the minds of peers and teachers, are prone to low self-esteem, depression and injury) (6) Severe mental or physical illness, resulting in increased physical pain tolerance and continuous accumulation of repetitive and increasing intensity of pain and stimulation-related experiences

How parents and teachers can spot the warning signs of teen suicide: 1. Verbal threats to self-harm or suicidal behavior 2. Search for suicidal items: such as preparing drugs, ropes and other tools or other means 3. Talking about or writing about wanting to die or commit suicide, These behaviors are abnormal for the individual4.Feelings of hopelessness, feeling meaningless about living, expressing no reason to live5.Expressing anger and revenge6.Reckless or risk-taking behavior7.Feeling trapped 8.Increased alcohol or psychoactive substance use9.Avoidance of contact with friends, family, or society10.Anxiety, irritability, inability to fall asleep or maintain sleep11.Greater changes in mood

Be wary of smiling depression (the case of Coco Coco Li) United States scientist Miller mentioned the concepts of subject-self and object-self when he used personality analysis. The main self is the role of self-control, and the object self interacts with the outside world and takes on the performance of the executor. Smiling depression is caused by the fact that the ego functions well and completes various social tasks on the surface, but the consciousness of the ego is not respected or expressed, and although the ego has achieved success in the worldly sense, it has no enthusiasm for life and no joy in success. They may be experiencing severe emotional distress and psychological distress. This type is patients with major depressive disorder, they are more inclined to cover up their emotional problems in order to maintain their own image and the expectations of others, this type of patients have a very strong desire to commit suicide, and the probability of success is also very high, which is a type that the psychology department should focus on.

What are the specific methods to help and self-help: 1. Try to ensure adequate rest and reasonable diet 2. Avoid being alone (keep in touch and avoid self-isolation) 3. Learn some simple emotional regulation measures, such as abdominal breathing, butterfly beating, Three-step method (one stop, two inhalation, three relaxation), etc.4.Self-awareness, assessment of responses (physical and physical reactions: what I see and hear; what I feel and what my inner needs are; whether it affects my life and studies; whether I can cope) 5.Deal with problems and unpleasantness in a timely manner, vent bad emotions in time, increase the sense of inner control, and say no to anxiety and depression6.Seek support 7.Regulate emotions (relaxation, exercise, recreational activities, meditation, mindfulness)

Precautions for psychological assistance: (1) Fully assess the situation of the person, including what kind of event, the impact on the person, the person's reaction and behavioral habits (2) Respect the other party's personality, do not have a sense of superiority, do not claim to be a savior, and help should be on the basis of understanding equality (3) Do not arrange for an agent, like an aunt in the neighborhood committee, the ability is large and small, mainly in inspiring, guiding, promoting and encouraging, rather than providing ready-made formulas, so that the party can form dependence (4) Do not refute and blame the party at will (do not argue meaninglessly, (5) Maintain a good psychological state (calm and tolerant, do not be tired and angry) (6) Objectively evaluate your own psychological assistance work (7) Ensure privacy

Compared with the rising suicide rate in contemporary society, there is still a certain misunderstanding of suicide behavior among the public, suicide is caused by various factors such as biology, psychology, social culture, etc., and it is by no means simply a fragile heart, cowardly character, etc., we need more care, more tolerance, more scientific strategies, and less harm.

Reporter: Gao Shanshan

Editor: Xia Ning (intern)

Preliminary review: Zhao Ruonan

Review: Lin Xinyi Final review: Liu Kenbo reprinted, please indicate that it is from Minhang's official WeChat today

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