Original title: Protecting the Yellow River and Improving Comprehensive Benefits (Beautiful China)
Core Reading
The Xiaolangdi Water Conservancy Project is the only control project below the Sanmenxia Water Conservancy Project in the main stream of the Yellow River that can obtain a large storage capacity. September 12 this year is the 30th anniversary of the start of the main project of the Xiaolangdi Water Conservancy Project. Since the project was put into operation, the efficiency of water and sediment diversion has been improved, the functions have been expanded, a digital twin platform has been built, and the scientific operation and management have been improved, achieving significant comprehensive benefits, providing strong support for promoting the ecological protection and high-quality development of the Yellow River Basin.
Embracing mountains and waters, barrage dams stand majestically; Flood control and siltation reduction, thousands of miles of the Yellow River waves wash sand. At the exit of the last section of the canyon in the middle reaches of the Yellow River, the Xiaolangdi Water Conservancy Hub stands here.
The dam is raised to divert sediment, protect the safety and ensure water supply. On September 12, 1994, the main project of Xiaolangdi Water Conservancy Project started, the interception of the river was realized in 1997, the water storage of the sluice gate was completed in 1999, and the main project was completed in 2001. This is the only control project below the Sanmenxia water conservancy hub of the main stream of the Yellow River that can obtain a large storage capacity, with a total storage capacity of 12.65 billion cubic meters, of which 7.55 billion cubic meters of silt storage capacity. Since the project was put into operation, it has effectively played the functions of flood control, flood prevention, silt reduction, water supply and irrigation, and has achieved significant economic, social and ecological benefits, providing strong support for promoting the ecological protection and high-quality development of the Yellow River Basin.
Water and sediment diversion has been escalating, and the height of the main downstream trough has dropped by an average of 3.1 meters before the 2023 flood
The water of the Yellow River rushes in, the sediment churns back and forth, and the torrent rolls up a thousand waves. On August 9, the Xiaolangdi Water Conservancy Hub opened three sand drainage holes to start water and sand diversion during the flood season again.
On the computer screen, the real-time sediment content of the discharge holes, the water level of the reservoir, the flow rate and other data in and out of the reservoir change in real time, Li Peng, director of the water dispatching department of the Xiaolangdi Water Conservancy Hub Management Center of the Ministry of Water Resources, introduced: "Through the large flow of the Yellow River, the sediment in the reservoir and the river is washed into the sea, and the siltation of the downstream river is reduced. ”
Jiuqu Yellow River "Doushui Seven Sands". To solve the inequality of water and sediment relationship, the Xiaolangdi water conservancy hub is a key link. "The Xiaolangdi Water Conservancy Project controls 92.3 percent of the Yellow River basin, 91.2 percent of the Yellow River's runoff and nearly 100 percent of the Yellow River's sediment transport. The project creates a large-flow process by discharging the river water at the right time, and increases the intensity of the water flow on the river channel. Li Peng said, "It can be said that the Xiaolangdi Water Conservancy Project has made it possible to divert water and sediment from the Yellow River." ”
Since its first launch in 2002, as of the 2023 flood season, the Xiaolangdi Water Conservancy Hub has participated in 27 water and sediment transfers, with the height of the main channel in the lower reaches of the river dropping by an average of 3.1 meters, and the maximum flood capacity of the main channel in the lower reaches of the Yellow River increasing from less than 1,800 cubic meters per second to nearly 5,000 cubic meters per second, effectively ensuring the flood control safety of the lower reaches of the Yellow River.
From individual combat to cascade dispatch, water and sand diversion are more efficient. "Wanjiazhai, Sanmenxia and Xiaolangdi on the main stream of the Yellow River, and Luhun, Guxian and Hekou villages on the tributaries have gradually joined, and the upstream and downstream reservoirs have coordinated to store and discharge water, further improving the water flow power." Wang Zhenfan, deputy general manager of the Yellow River Water Conservancy and Hydropower Development Group Co., Ltd., introduced.
From sediment discharge and siltation reduction to ecological improvement, the function of water and sediment diversion has been continuously expanded. Since 2008, the Yellow River Delta National Nature Reserve in Shandong Province has received ecological water replenishment during the Yellow River water and sediment diversion period for 16 consecutive years. "In the past, the Yellow River Delta was threatened by shrinking river channels, wetland degradation and coastline erosion, but the Yellow River brought ecological water to restore 188 square kilometers of wetlands. At present, the natural vegetation coverage rate of the reserve is 55.1%. The relevant person in charge of the Yellow River Water Conservancy Committee of the Ministry of Water Resources introduced.
Build a digital twin Xiaolangdi platform, and the "smart brain" can roll out the operation in the next 3 days
Walking into the digital twin Xiaolangdi centralized control center, the reservoir water level, water storage, average daily flow, sediment content and other data are displayed in real time, and the operation status of facilities and equipment such as gates, power generation, water supply and power supply is clear at a glance. More than 2,700 instruments are installed inside and on the surface of hydraulic buildings for real-time monitoring, generating more than 6,000 monitoring data every day. The staff can apply the forecast, early warning, rehearsal, and plan functions of the digital twin Xiaolangdi platform construction to analyze and judge and make scheduling decisions, so as to realize multi-objective comprehensive management and control of safety monitoring, reservoir scheduling, gate monitoring, power generation operation, water supply and power supply, data monitoring and reporting, etc.
"The digital twin Xiaolangdi platform can query all the relevant data of production management, and the professional model algorithm can carry out visual deduction to intuitively and dynamically display the dam settlement, sediment accumulation in the reservoir area, etc." Ma Xinhong, director of the centralized control center of the Yellow River Water Conservancy and Hydropower Development Group Co., Ltd., said. He then opened a heat map of the underwater terrain in front of the inlet tower and introduced: "The data automatically generates a heat map, and the sediment accumulation in front of the intake tower is clearly presented. ”
As the "smart brain" of the Xiaolangdi water conservancy hub, how to build the digital twin Xiaolangdi platform?
Evidence is the foundation. By sharing river basin data and improving monitoring and perception capabilities, the Xiaolangdi Water Conservancy Hub has fully obtained computing resources, and has established a monitoring index system for 255 key measurement points. New equipment and technologies such as satellite remote sensing, unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) aerial survey, robot underwater detection and automatic inspection, and rain measurement radar in the reservoir area have been fully applied to basically realize the stable online monitoring of the sediment content in the three sand discharge holes and the passing machine.
Algorithms are the focus. How does the virtual and the real interact? "If you want to use digital twins to drive physical entities, you must integrate professional model algorithms and artificial intelligence technology." Dong Zeliang, deputy director of the Intelligent Construction and Management Department of the Yellow River Water Conservancy and Hydropower Development Group Co., Ltd., said, "At present, we have developed professional models such as the incoming water forecasting model based on the evolution of the river channel, and the reservoir scouring and silting model that integrates traceability scouring and heterogravity flow calculation. At the same time, the AI recognition model of remote sensing images, video AI recognition models such as plant water accumulation and water gauge reading were preliminarily developed. ”
Computing power is key. As the hardware base of the digital twin Xiaolangdi platform, the Xiaolangdi data center was built. Through "cloud-based" computing resources, a new computing engine that is flexible, diverse, and efficient is being built.
Digital twin technology is applied in multiple scenarios. "It is the main goal of the construction of the digital twin Xiaolangdi platform to support a number of business applications based on the digital twin platform and realize the functions of forecasting, early warning, rehearsal and plan." Wang Zhenfan said, "During the period of high water level or rapid decline in water level of reservoirs such as hub flood control dispatch, water and sand transfer, the digital twin platform can be used to roll the operation of the next three days, effectively improving the scientificity of project operation and management decisions." ”
From 2022 to 2024, the digital twin platform will be applied to the flood control drill of the Xiaolangdi project for three consecutive years. During the flood season, the platform uses the relevant models of flood control and dispatching and the "four predictions" function, and the platform carries out analysis and calculation of water and sediment and flood dispatching on a rolling basis every day, assists in discovering problems in advance and carries out flood control consultations, research and judgment, and enhances the safety of flood control.
The comprehensive benefits continue to be released, ensuring that the Yellow River has continued to flow for 25 consecutive years
The "Huashan" survey ship set off from the wharf, and the shipwright Zheng Jiping took the rudder with both hands and sailed all the way to the upper reaches of the Yellow River. Outside the cab, Yan Jingliang, water administration inspector of the Xiaolangdi Water Conservancy Hub Management Center of the Ministry of Water Resources, is paying close attention to the shoreline and water surface conditions. "We insist on carrying out monthly administrative law enforcement inspections on the water surface and shoreline of the reservoir area, from January this year to the present, using a combination of satellite remote sensing, unmanned aerial vehicles and on-site inspections, 419 changes have been verified on the map, 32 changes have been verified on the spot, and 21 shoreline inspections have been organized to timely grasp the water dynamics in the reservoir area and stop water violations." Yan Jingliang said.
"Strict implementation of the river and lake chief system, strengthening reservoir management, and effectively maintaining the normal water order in the reservoir area." Yan Jingliang turned on his mobile phone and showed reporters a WeChat group of more than 400 people called "Xiaolangdi Beautiful Reservoir Area". Last year, we carried out 19 joint law enforcement actions with the Xiaolangdi Public Security Bureau of the Henan Provincial Public Security Department and the river chiefs' offices, ecological environment, fishery and other departments around the reservoir area, effectively ensuring the safety of the reservoir operation." Yan Jingliang said.
The Xiaolangdi Water Conservancy Project plays a huge role in ecological protection, water supply and irrigation, and power generation.
Improve the production and domestic water. The Xiaolangdi Water Conservancy Project has effectively guaranteed spring irrigation, drought resistance and ecological water use in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River, greatly improved the irrigation guarantee rate of about 44 million mu of irrigation areas in the lower reaches, and alleviated the shortage of water for production and domestic use in the downstream areas along the Yellow River. Up to now, the Xiaolangdi Water Conservancy Project has adjusted more than 200 billion cubic meters of water in time and space, ensuring that the Yellow River has continued to flow for 25 consecutive years.
Consistently deliver clean electricity. The Xiaolangdi Water Conservancy Hub plays an important role in the power grid of Henan Province, with an average power generation of 5.8 billion kWh for many years. As of the end of July this year, the cumulative on-grid electricity was 149.695 billion kilowatt-hours, of which 5.123 billion kilowatt-hours were on-grid this year, promoting energy conservation, emission reduction and economic and social development.
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