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1778, Rousseau's "Last Day": the fall of a genius, or a well-planned "farewell"?
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The deafening cry "Born free, but everywhere in chains" has passed through the dust of centuries and still reverberates in the halls of human thought, which came from a great intellectual pioneer - Jean-Jacques · Rousseau, the standard-bearer of the Enlightenment, with his ardent pursuit of freedom, equality, and natural natural human rights, profoundly influenced the course of the France Revolution and even the entire course of Western civilization, this fighter who has been crying for freedom all his life, but on July 2, 1778, chose to end his legendary life in a controversial way, leaving the world with endless mysteries and speculations
April 2, 1778, Palm Sunday: Feel the church bells for the last time
In the spring of 1778, Paris was still bustling and noisy, but for an old man living in Ermenonville on the outskirts of the city, the noise of the world seemed to have nothing to do with him
On April 2, Palm Sunday, the morning sun shone through the window lattice and poured into Rousseau's study, and he slowly opened his eyes, and the melodious chimes of the church bells sounded in his ears, which transported his thoughts back to the afternoon that changed his life 50 years ago
In 1728, 16-year-old Rousseau, a wandering and homeless teenager, met Madame Warren, who was 12 years older than him, under the arrangement of fate
"My life is full of contradictions and struggles," Rousseau once wrote in his autobiography "Confessions", he longed to love and be loved, but was tricked by fate again and again; He pursued freedom and equality, but had to succumb to the pressures of reality; He yearns for nature and innocence, but he cannot escape the shackles of civilized society
May 20, 1778, moving to the countryside: away from the hustle and bustle, looking for peace?
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In order to seek inner peace, on May 20, Rousseau left the hustle and bustle of Paris and moved to a more secluded countryside, he hoped to be away from the distractions of the world, to spend the rest of his life in nature, he began to focus on the study of botany, walking in the fields every day, observing flowers and trees, as if looking for a way of life that returns to nature and nature
Can the inner demons really be easily shaken off? Rousseau's inner world is still full of contradictions and struggles, his relationship with his wife is getting colder, and his correspondence with friends is becoming less and less, he has become more withdrawn, sensitive, and even began to doubt everything around him
"I felt like a wounded beast, longing for salvation but afraid of being hurt again," Rousseau wrote in a letter to a friend
July 2, 1778, towards "death": a curtain call for genius, or a well-orchestrated "farewell"?
On July 2, a seemingly ordinary day, it became the last day of Rousseau's life, and in the early morning of this day, as usual, he went out to collect plant specimens, this time, he did not go far, but quickly returned home because of a sore foot
When he returned home, Rousseau suddenly felt unwell, with a pain in his chest and dizziness, and he told his wife that he wanted to go to the house of the Marquis de Girardin, to play music to his little daughter, and to ask his wife to pay the locksmith
When his wife went out, and Rousseau was alone at home, he went to the window, looked out at the clear sky, and muttered: "O my lord! The weather is so clear, there is not a single cloud, you are waiting for me" With that, he lost consciousness and fell to the ground
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In the evening, his wife returned home to find that Rousseau had stopped breathing, and a generation of philosophers had quietly died at the age of 66
When the news of Rousseau's death broke, the whole of Paris was shocked, and some people were grieved and lamented the loss of a great thinker; Others are skeptical, arguing that Rousseau's death was not natural, but a well-planned "suicide"
Proponents of the "suicide" theory argue that Rousseau struggled with loneliness, paranoia and paranoia all his life, and that he could not bear to be misunderstood and attacked by the world, and finally chose to end his life in this way, and they also pointed out that Rousseau had repeatedly expressed his misanthropy to friends and family a few days before his death, and hinted that he would die soon
Opponents of the "suicide" theory argue that there is insufficient evidence to prove that Rousseau committed suicide, pointing out that Rousseau had been very calm and serene the day before his death, and that he had not behaved in any unusual way, and that Rousseau had always been a devout believer and that suicide was against his religious beliefs
The cause of Rousseau's death is still a mystery, but in any case, this great thinker has left us far away, leaving behind his eternal pursuit of freedom, equality, fraternity, and deep thinking about the fate of mankind
Genius and madness, freedom and loneliness, Rousseau's "Last Day"
July 2, 1778, Rousseau's "last day" became the last footnote of his legendary life, full of mysteries and controversies, but also triggered endless thinking for future generations
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Rousseau, the standard-bearer of the Enlightenment, fought for freedom all his life, he opposed autocracy and advocated democracy; He criticized private ownership and called for social equality; He sang the praises of nature and pursued the emancipation of human nature, and his thoughts, like sparks, ignited the raging fire of the France Revolution and illuminated the way forward for human civilization
This great thinker, also full of contradictions and struggles, he is sensitive, suspicious, withdrawn, has struggled with loneliness and paranoia all his life, he longs to love and be loved, but he is played by fate again and again; He pursued freedom and equality, but had to succumb to the pressures of reality; He yearns for nature and innocence, but he cannot escape the shackles of civilized society
Perhaps, it is these contradictions and struggles that have created the greatness of Rousseau, who has shown the world the complexity of human nature and the contradictions of society with his own life experience, and he shows us that the road to freedom is full of thorns and bumps, but the pace of pursuing freedom will never stop
Today, when we look back at Rousseau's "last day" again, we can't help but ask: what made this great thinker choose to end his life in such a way? Is it the fall of genius, or the despair of reality? Is it the pursuit of freedom, or the torment of loneliness?
Perhaps, the answer is not important, the important thing is that we can see in Rousseau's body a persistent pursuit of freedom and truth, and a firm belief in the emancipation of human nature and social progress
As Rousseau himself said: "I may not be a great man, but I am a sincere man" His sincerity, his thoughts, his spirit, will always inspire us to pursue a better future
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