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60 years of Qianlong: a well-planned "Zen Jean" drama?
The picture comes from the Internet
You may have heard that Emperor Qianlong was the longest reigning emperor in history, for 60 years, and you may have also heard that Emperor Qianlong took the initiative to give his son Jiaqing in his later years to show respect for his grandfather Emperor Kangxi, and was unwilling to exceed his reign
But is that really the case?
Open the history books and carefully read the magnificent history, you will find that Qianlong's Zen position is far from being as simple as imagined, behind this, there is the pinnacle of the emperor's power scheme, and it also hides the foreshadowing of the Qing Dynasty from prosperity to decline
The picture comes from the Internet
1. Prosperity and prosperity: Qianlong's confidence or illusory bubble?
It is undeniable that during the reign of Emperor Qianlong, the Qing Dynasty did reach a peak, with a vast territory, a large population, a prosperous economy, and a prosperous culture
He put down the Dzungar rebellion and consolidated his rule over Xinjiang; He sent troops to Burma and Viet Nam to maintain stability in Southeast Asia; He also compiled the large-scale "Siku Quanshu", which made great contributions to the inheritance of Chinese culture
The picture comes from the Internet
Behind this dazzling feat, there are hidden dangers that cannot be ignored
In order to satisfy his own pleasure, he also acquiesced in corrupt officials and Shen and others to loot the people's fat and ointment, which led to increasingly acute social contradictions
Although the population growth during the Qianlong period was rapid, it also brought about problems such as land annexation and an increase in the number of displaced people, and the policy of closing the country to the outside world made China gradually lag behind the pace of development of the Western world
The picture comes from the Internet
It can be said that the prosperity of the Qianlong period is more like a grand fireworks show, although it is dazzling, it is also fleeting
2. The mystery of the Zen position: is it to respect the ancestral teachings, or is it a hidden mystery?
In the fortieth year of Qianlong, in the prime of life, he suddenly announced that he would give the throne to the crown prince, who later became Emperor Jiaqing, ten years later, on the grounds that he was unwilling to surpass the reign of his grandfather Emperor Kangxi in order to show filial piety
The picture comes from the Internet
This decision caused a shock in the government and the opposition at that time, after all, Emperor Qianlong was in the prime of life and in good health, why should he be in a hurry to give up the power in his hands?
Emperor Qianlong sincerely wanted to emulate Yao Shun, Chan was a virtuous king, and Emperor Qianlong was worried that he would be old and faint and affect the government, so he chose to retreat bravely
More people believe that Emperor Qianlong's throne was a well-planned political layout in order to better control the court situation and maintain his authority
The picture comes from the Internet
3. The Emperor's "game": Listen to the government with the curtain, or do you have another plan?
In the 60th year of Qianlong, the Zen throne ceremony was held as scheduled, and Emperor Jiaqing officially ascended the throne and became the seventh emperor of the Qing Dynasty, which does not mean that Emperor Qianlong really let go of the power in his hands
In fact, after the Zen throne, the Qianlong Emperor did not live for a long time, but continued to control the power of the court as the emperor, he lived in the Ningshou Palace of the imperial palace, which was called "training and government", but in fact it was "listening to the government with a curtain"
The picture comes from the Internet
Although Emperor Jiaqing is the Son of Heaven, he is constrained by Emperor Taishang everywhere, and he has to report to Emperor Taishang for instructions on matters large and small, and even the concubines in the harem must first go to Ningshou Palace to meet Emperor Taishang before they can see Emperor Jiaqing
Emperor Qianlong's approach is undoubtedly a serious weakening of the authority of Emperor Jiaqing, although Emperor Jiaqing is dissatisfied, but also helpless, after all, Emperor Taishang has military power and personnel appointment and dismissal power in his hands, he can only swallow his anger and wait for the opportunity
4. The shadow of the transfer of power: is it a smooth transition, or an undercurrent?
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Emperor Qianlong's "discipline" lasted for more than three years, during this time, although Emperor Jiaqing was nominally the emperor, but in fact he was just a puppet
This deformed power structure, inevitably brings many problems
The authority of the Jiaqing Emperor could not be established, it was difficult to convince the public, the courtiers obeyed the yin and the yin, and there were many speculators
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Although Emperor Qianlong is old, he is still shrewd and capable, and he knows everything about the government and politics, and Emperor Jiaqing's every move cannot escape his eyes
In this case, if Emperor Jiaqing wanted to make a difference, he had to find ways to get rid of the control of Emperor Taishang, and in order to maintain his authority, Emperor Taishang also had to guard against Emperor Jiaqing's "seizure of power"
The game between father and son, between monarchs and ministers, between power and family affection, was vividly interpreted in this special period
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5. The Final Chapter of the Prosperous Age: Is It a Historical Inevitability or a Man-Made Tragedy?
In the sixty-fourth year of Qianlong, Emperor Qianlong died of illness at the age of eighty-nine, and this legendary emperor finally finished his long life
With the death of Emperor Taishang, Emperor Jiaqing can finally be truly pro-government, but what awaits him is a mess full of holes
The picture comes from the Internet
The long-term "discipline and administration" made the Jiaqing Emperor lack of experience in governance, and the government was also full of evils, corruption, and unscrupulous; The financial deficit is beyond the means; Social contradictions are becoming more and more acute
Faced with such a predicament, the Jiaqing Emperor was determined to carry out drastic reforms, punishing corrupt officials, rectifying the rule of officials, and developing the economy in an attempt to revive the Qing Dynasty
The wheel of history is rolling forward, the Qing Dynasty has come to a historical inflection point, the reform of the Jiaqing Emperor, although it has achieved some results, but it cannot stop the trend of dynasty decline
The picture comes from the Internet
Emperor Qianlong's throne seemed to be a well-planned political layout, but in the end it became a turning point for the Qing Dynasty from prosperity to decline, which is of course a historical inevitability, but also inseparable from Emperor Qianlong's personal character and decision-making
Looking back on this period of history, we can't help but ask: Is the Zen position of Emperor Qianlong more merit than merit, or is it greater than merit? Perhaps, history has given the answer, but we can still draw wisdom from it and take it as a warning
Postscript:
In the long river of history, full of countless mysteries and controversies, the Zen throne of Emperor Qianlong is just one of the microcosms, we can not go back to the past, change history, but we can learn history, understand history, better grasp the present, and create the future
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