The history of humiliation over the past 100 years tells us that "only by strengthening the army can we strengthen the country", that the military strength is not strong, and that if we are backward from others, we will only be beaten. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, Chairman Mao proposed that we must build a strong national defense force and a strong economy to support the military.
Thanks to the continuous efforts of scientists, China has succeeded in creating a remarkable miracle in a short period of time. We collectively call this miracle "two bombs and one satellite" and enshrine it in textbooks so that every Chinese can understand its history.
However, there have always been different opinions on what the "two bombs" refer to, and most people think that the two bombs refer to the "hydrogen bomb and atomic bomb," but this statement is actually very wrong.
Create a Chinese-style miracle, a qualitative leap in 10 years
From the late Qing Dynasty to the founding of New China, it was a gray period of history on the mainland, with foreign powers invading and wolf ambitions Japan invading China; The internal divisions and factions are in their own countries, and the economy has been regressed for at least a hundred years due to the protracted wars and internal strife.
"There is no other way unless we wait for us to die." At the most desperate moment, everyone was even ready for the battle of the country, and the predecessors began to write the "Outline of National History" in order to leave a record of Chinese civilization after the death of the country. But fortunately, in the end, we survived, and with the defeat and surrender of Japan, China ushered in the dawn of victory.
After the founding of the People's Republic of China, Chairman Mao put forward two points, one is a military power, the other is an economic power, and the two complement each other and are indispensable.
At that time, the mainland had just risen from the war, everything was in ruins, and the country was poor, not to mention any high-end military weapons. At that time, in the face of the grim international situation, in order to protect its national security, China resolutely made the strategic decision to independently develop two bombs and one satellite.
When China urgently needed high-tech talents to rebuild the motherland, Deng Jiaxian, Qian Xuesen and other top talents, including scientists who had already made outstanding achievements abroad, returned from abroad and plunged into the institute without hesitation with full love for the motherland.
The atomic bomb research was carried out independently under the condition that the mainland's economic strength was weak and its scientific, technological, and industrial base was very backward.
Thanks to the hard work of scientists, the missile was the first to make a breakthrough. On November 5, 1960, the first imitation short-range surface-to-surface missile was successfully launched, and on June 29, 1964, the first self-designed medium- and short-range missile was successfully tested.
In October 1966, the mainland's first near-surface missile loaded with a nuclear warhead was successfully exploded; In June 1967, the mainland's first hydrogen bomb was successfully exploded, making the mainland the fourth country in the world to master hydrogen bomb technology. In April 1970, the Long March 1 successfully launched the mainland's first artificial satellite, creating a historic moment again.
The decade from 1960 to 1970 was the most memorable time in the history corridor of the mainland, a miracle created on the journey of the peak of modern science and technology, and a dazzling chapter and a qualitative leap in the march of New China to modernization.
The "two bombs" are not atomic bombs and hydrogen bombs, and many people are mistaken
Originally, it was true that the atomic bomb and the hydrogen bomb were called two bombs, and many people thought that they were two bombs, but this was not the case.
The atomic bomb is a weapon that uses the fission of heavy atomic nuclei such as uranium or plutonium to release huge amounts of energy in an instant, causing destructive and lethal power. It can use radiation, shock waves, and radioactivity to inflict devastating blows, often reaching hundreds or even tens of thousands of TNT powers.
The power Japan already felt in 1945, when the first atomic bomb dropped on Hiroshima United States on August 6 destroyed a radius of 42 kilometers, destroying 70% of the houses and killing 140,000 people. On August 9, a second atomic bomb was dropped on Nagasaki, destroying 14,000 buildings and killing 70,000 people.
Compared to ordinary explosives, the atomic bomb is 20 million times more powerful, forming extremely high temperatures around it and rapidly expanding to produce high-pressure shock waves. The violent explosion forms a fireball in the air, emitting strong light radiation, and at the same time interacts with the surrounding material, producing radioactive contamination and a nuclear electromagnetic pulse. In the final analysis, this is the power generated by nuclear fission, which is one of the types of nuclear weapons.
The hydrogen bomb, which is much more powerful than the atomic bomb, began to be developed at the end of World War II, and its principle is the same as that of the atomic bomb, but it mainly uses the thermonuclear reaction of heavy hydrogen or super heavy hydrogen to change dramatically.
The explosion of the hydrogen bomb mainly goes through 4 reactions, before the explosion the material begins to react, then there is fission and then fusion, and finally fission again to explode, which can release more energy. Compared with the atomic bomb, it has a large storage capacity, and there is no upper limit to the raw materials required, which is not only low in cost, but also powerful.
After understanding the explosion principle of the atomic bomb and the hydrogen bomb, it is not difficult for everyone to find that they are one of the nuclear weapons. Therefore, the "two bombs" should refer to nuclear bombs (atomic bombs and hydrogen bombs) and missiles, not hydrogen bombs and atomic bombs.
Since seeing the power of the atomic bomb in Japan, people have been in awe of it, and subsequent countries have agreed with each other not to use nuclear weapons lightly.
This is not only a symbol of national force, but also a symbol of comprehensive national strength and modernization, and the possession of nuclear weapons means that it has a pivotal position in the world.
We can often see such data from the propaganda in question. From the atomic bomb to the hydrogen bomb, the mainland took only 2 years and 8 months, the Soviet Union took 4 years, United Kingdom took 4 years and 7 months, United States took 7 years and 4 months, and France took 8 years and 6 months. In contrast, the speed of the continent is very fast.
To tell the truth, if the mainland had not developed the atomic bomb and hydrogen bomb in the 60s, it would not have the international status it has now.
Satellites, let cutting-edge technology accelerate the progress
If the successful development of the 2 bombs can enhance the mainland's military strength, it can also enhance the international strength. Then, the launch of satellites has accelerated the mainland's cutting-edge technology.
After the Soviet satellite was successfully put into orbit in 1957, the mainland also actively carried out related research. In May 1958, Chairman Mao proposed that we should also develop artificial satellites, and since then a draft plan has been carried out, which is responsible for experts such as Zhang Jinfu, Qian Xuesen, and Wang Zheng.
In 1959, the mainland focused on the development of sounding rockets, and shelved the development of satellites until 1965, when the project was started again, and a satellite design institute was established in September. In 1966, the development of the launch vehicle began, and after three years, Dongfanghong-1 completed all environmental simulation experiments.
On April 24, 1970, this day was a landmark day, the first satellite of the mainland was successfully launched!
It is precisely the successful launch of the satellite that has officially opened the mainland to cutting-edge technology. First of all, the advent of satellites means that the era of communication has undergone earth-shaking changes, from the initial paper communication to mobile communication, and the Internet era has risen.
Secondly, the era of navigation was opened. In the past, we relied on United States Google Maps, but now we have our own navigation system, and satellites play a big role.
Weather forecasts, remote sensing satellites, scientific satellites, military satellites, and so on all depend on this, and without satellites, we are still living in a backward "primitive" era, and it is impossible to have such a convenient life.
Two bombs and one star, why is it so successful?
Therefore, even when it comes to the achievements of the mainland's two bombs and one satellite, we are still extremely proud. I'm proud not only of having developed them, but also because of the circumstances of the time, and it wasn't easy to achieve such a huge success.
At that time, it can be said that China basically had no foreign aid, and its economy was very backward. The development of a high-tech product with such complex technology is a miracle in itself.
Although the Soviet Union had shipped samples, drawings of the P-2 missile, and sent experts to the mainland, the P-2 was originally an imitation of the German V-2 missile, and by the end of the 50s it was already a relatively backward weapon. Before we could complete the copying, the Soviet specialists were all withdrawn.
Subsequently, it was the mainland scientists who continued to sum up their experiences and lessons and repeatedly explored and practiced them, and finally were able to design and develop the missile on their own. The development of the satellite was also done independently by ourselves.
Only the development of the hydrogen bomb, the Soviet Union provided some assistance, but in general they only played a guiding role, and the key technologies were solved by the Chinese researchers themselves.
Throughout history, we are told that only self-improvement can be invincible, blindly relying on other countries is useless, only by truly mastering technology and truly standing up, can other countries no longer look down on China, and dare not act rashly.
Always remember one sentence: dignity is only above the edge of the sword, and truth is only within the range of the cannon!
Resources:
What exactly does "two bombs and one satellite" mean? CNKI 2007-08-15