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▲ 100-year-old chestnut tree
Chestnut yellow in the suburbs of Beijing, dyed with autumn fragrance everywhere. Located in the ancient chestnut garden of the Ming and Qing dynasties in Bohai Town, Huairou District, the hundred-year-old chestnut trees are still tall and green, and the chestnut fruits that fall from time to time tell the joy of harvest. Founded in 2008, Li Sipeng, the head of Beijing Old Chestnut Juyuande Planting Professional Cooperative, introduced that by optimizing chestnut varieties and carrying out standardized planting, not only the century-old chestnut trees still grow healthily, but also the chestnut trees in the park are fruitful, making the chestnut industry a "booster" for regional rural revitalization.
Huairou chestnut was selected as the seventh batch of important agricultural cultural heritage in China, and Huairou District was also selected as a national geographical indication production area of chestnut and won the honorary title of hometown of Chinese chestnut. A total of 217,000 acres of chestnut trees have been planted in the whole region, accounting for about 60% of the fruit tree area in the whole region. There are nearly 47,000 chestnut trees that are more than 100 years old, including more than 400 chestnut trees in the Ming Dynasty that are more than 500 years old. There are about 24,000 households and 72,000 people engaged in chestnut production in the whole region, and the specialty fruit industry has always been an important source of income for farmers. In the past, the production and planting of chestnut was out of touch with the market demand, and the problems in production such as mixed aging of varieties and extensive cultivation management became increasingly prominent, with low yields and serious phenomena of large and small years, and the competitiveness of the fruit market needed to be improved urgently. And it is scientific and technological innovation that leads the Huairou chestnut industry to re-embark on the "highway" of the development of the times.
In recent years, the capital's landscaping has always taken scientific and technological innovation as the core driving force to promote the development of green economy, adhered to the focus on new materials and new technologies, continued to promote the transformation and upgrading of traditional green industries, transformed scientific and technological achievements into productivity, and boosted rural revitalization.
Since 2023, the Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences and other institutes have been organized to carry out industry-university-research cooperation with the old chestnut cooperatives, and to promote the planting of early-fruited and high-yield 'Huaixiang', short male inflorescences and barren-tolerant 'Heishanzhai No. 7' and other varieties among the cooperatives and surrounding farmers, and promote the characteristics of 'Yanxi' and ancient tree lines. Formulate a supporting cultivation technology system. Through the cultivation of this excellent variety, it can not only improve the yield and quality of chestnut, but also enrich the landscape of chestnut orchards, extend the shelf life, let tourists stay in the orchard as long as possible, and promote consumption.
The yield per mu of the chestnut park of Beijing old chestnut tree Juyuande planting professional cooperative has increased from the original 170 catties to about 400 catties, and the cooperative has contracted farmers and registered members from the beginning of 13 people to 830 people today, and the cooperatives have set up a chestnut protection price mechanism to achieve high quality and high prices through clear standards, and have increased farmers' income by more than 1,000 yuan in three years. Correspondingly, the higher economic benefits will also further promote the adjustment of the existing chestnut planting structure, change the chaotic cultivation pattern of varieties, realize the optimization of the variety structure in the demonstration area, and radiate the surrounding and even the whole region to diversify, so as to realize the rapid development of the chestnut industry in Huairou District.
▲Golden autumn chestnut fragrance
Innovation and development make Jingguo fragrant
The "Beijing Garden City Special Plan (2023-2035)" proposes to guide the construction of new scenes of garden life and promote the innovative development of green industries. Adhere to the development path of combining inheritance and innovation, and create a green industry with the characteristics of the capital.
On the one hand, inherit the old taste. In-depth excavation, protection and utilization of Beijing's ancient fruit tree resources, pay attention to the development of traditional fine varieties, and form a fruit tree industry with Beijing characteristics with strong "Beijing flavor".
On the other hand, innovating new flavors. As a "sweet cause" to help the revitalization of the capital's countryside, Beijing actively cultivates new productivity for the development of the fruit tree industry and continues to promote the innovation and development of the modern fruit tree industry. The city issued the "Beijing Fruit Tree Industry to Help Rural Revitalization Three-Year Action Implementation Plan (2023-2025)", established a scientific and technological support and scientific and technological service system for Beijing's modern fruit tree industry, and actively formulated and revised local standards and group standards around production and operation management, standardized orchard construction procedures, and smart orchard construction, laying the foundation for the standardized production of the fruit tree industry in the later stage. Cultivating new varieties suitable for cultivation in Beijing, and simultaneously introducing new varieties and technologies at home and abroad, greatly enriching the fruit plates.
In addition, the umami taste is retained. Actively advocate the green production mode of fruits, implement technical measures such as "changing varieties, changing tree shapes, changing soils, reducing chemical fertilizers, and reducing pesticides", which greatly improves the quality of fruits, and builds a whole industry chain and supply chain docking platform for production and operation entities, suppliers and consumers, and promotes the cultivation of marketable products ·by production and operation entities. Fresh tree ripe fruit.