Residential buildings with a building height greater than 27m and
Non-single-storey factories with a building height of more than 24m
warehouses and other civil buildings
All belong to high-rise buildings
According to data from the National Fire and Rescue Administration
In the first eight months of this year, there were 36,000 fires in high-rise buildings
Why are high-rise building fires menacing?
A brief look at three characteristics of this type of fire
01 Flammable and combustible external insulation materials
Flammable and combustible external insulation materials have become an important "accomplice" of high-rise building fires. The mainland began to implement the building energy conservation policy in 2005, one of the main measures is to increase the insulation layer on the exterior wall, due to the lack of awareness of the danger of external wall insulation materials before, there is no clear provision on the combustion performance of the material, at that time, polystyrene foam board or polyurethane rigid foam and other flammable and combustible materials, these materials are very easy to ignite and spread rapidly, and a large amount of toxic smoke is produced after combustion, and the fire danger is very large.
02 "Chimney Effect"
The "chimney effect" caused fires in high-rise buildings to spread rapidly. After a fire breaks out in a high-rise building, the smoke spreads vertically at a speed of 3-4m/s through stairwells, pipe wells, glass curtain wall gaps, etc., which can quickly ignite the entire building.
03 "Wind Fuels Fire"
"Wind-fueled fires" make fires in high-rise buildings difficult to control. It is determined that the wind speed is 5m/s at a height of 10m in the building; Wind speed at 30m altitude: 8.7m/s; Wind speed at 60m altitude: 12.3m/s; The wind speed at a height of 90m is 15m/s, because the wind speed is faster and faster the upward, after the fire occurs, there is often a situation where the wind helps the fire, and the fire borrows the wind to power, and the more it burns, the more vigorous it burns.
However, high-rise buildings are large in size and complex in function
Dense personnel, many sources of danger, large fire load
In the event of a fire
Personnel evacuation and fire fighting
There are still great difficulties
How to "get out of the way"
It is also a skill that everyone should know and master
How to escape in the event of a high-rise fire?
01
Please call the fire alarm number "119" immediately.
Where possible
Quickly press the fire alarm button
Warn other residents as much as possible
02
When the source of fire is determined and the fire is controllable
Don't panic
should be used around
Fire extinguishers, fire hydrants and other fire-fighting facilities and equipment
Assist in extinguishing the initial fire
If the fire is clearly out of control
You can follow the "three tips" to escape and save yourself
Tip 1: Smoke-free and quick escape
Touch the door lock before opening the door, if the temperature is not high and there is no smoke in the stairwell, quickly escape down the stairs, and close the fire door when passing through the stairwell.
(In the process of escaping downward, if the smoke spreads upwards and the temperature rises sharply, it is very likely that the evacuation passage below has been blocked by thick smoke and flames, so evacuate upwards as soon as possible to a room far away from the burning floor and close the fire door in the stairwell, and retreat according to "Tip 2" for help).
Tip 2: Smoke retreats and waits for help
If the temperature of the door lock is very high or there is smoke when the door is opened, you should retreat and wait for help. Block the cracks of the door with clothes, bed sheets, etc., and splash water to cool down and prevent smoke. At the same time, dial "119" to report important location information such as trapped floors and rooms, and send out distress signals near the window by flashlight, waving clothes, etc.
Tip 3: Find the fire shelter
What is a fire evacuation floor? Residential or public buildings with a building height of more than 100 meters must be equipped with a fire refuge floor, and personnel can be evacuated to the nearest refuge floor if the escape is blocked. The function of the refuge floor is to provide personnel with shelter from the fire, prevent smoke from entering and cause damage to personnel and wait for firefighters to arrive at the scene for rescue.
According to the current domestic 50-meter ladder fire rescue vehicle operation requirements, it is stipulated that the height from the first floor to the first refuge floor is not more than 50 meters, so that the ladder truck can be used for rescue. The fire refuge floor cannot be inhabited or occupied by sundries, and is equipped with fire hydrants, special fire telephones, air supply systems, self-spraying systems, broadcasting systems and other fire-fighting facilities.
Then when escaping
How do we quickly identify refuge floors?
You can see it with a picture
About high-rise building escapes
There are three more points to note