Hello everyone, I am learning from history.
On March 22, 2021, Academician Peng Shilu, the first chief engineer of China's nuclear submarines, passed away in Beijing at the age of 96.
Photo note: Academician Peng Shilu
The People's Daily wrote in its obituary that he devoted his life to the cause of nuclear power, did not seek fame and did not pursue profits, and once wrote in his self-statement: "If you can love the motherland and be loyal to the motherland, and dedicate yourself to the prosperity and strength of the motherland, it is enough." ”
Academician Peng Shilu is the chief designer of China's first nuclear submarine, the main designer of China's first nuclear power plant, and the main technical leader of China's first nuclear power plant, his name has been confidential for a long time, and the content of this issue will be learned from history through some public information, to share with you the deeds of this hero who forged swords for the country and fought for China's nuclear cause all his life, and only commemorates Academician Peng Shilu with this article.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="6" > one, one loyal martyr</h1>
In the winter of 1927, Peng Pan, a peasant leader who came from a landlord family and was an elite who had returned from Japan, held a mass meeting to announce the formal establishment of the Haifeng and Lufeng County Soviet governments. You must know that this was the first rural Soviet power in China.
Photo note: Martyr Peng Pan
Why was Peng Pan able to establish China's first rural Soviet power?
Peng Pan, as a landlord class, lived a wealthy life, and the poor peasants lived one heaven and one earth. However, for the sake of China's peasant movement, Peng Peng burned thousands of land deeds and leases in front of everyone, expressing his determination to break with the "landlord class" to which he belonged and devote himself wholeheartedly to the cause of the Chinese peasant movement.
Peng Pan's deeds were deeply respected and loved by the common people, but they also caused a fierce counterattack from the reactionaries.
Photo note: Martyr Cai Suping
In 1928, the enemy army captured Haifeng County, and on September 19, because of the traitor's informant, The Paper's wife, Cai Suping, who had just given birth to her third child, was arrested by the enemy, and in the face of the enemy's torture, Cai Suping was unyielding. He was brutally killed on September 21, 1928, at the age of 31.
At this time, the second eldest Peng Baolu was only 3 years old, and the third Peng Hong was just two months old.
At this time, the revolutionary situation took a sharp turn for the worse, and peng Pan, one of the leaders of the Chinese revolution, was arrested on August 24, 1929, for betrayal by traitors. On August 30, Peng Pan was only 33 years old in Longhua, Shanghai.
Photo: Peng Pan and his little boy, photographed on February 22, 1926
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="17" > two, hundred meals and hundred clothes</h1>
Peng Pan and his wife have successively acted heroically, but the reactionaries have not spared Peng Pan's children's plans, and they want to cut the grass and remove the roots.
At this critical juncture, the peasant association urgently settled Peng Pan's three children separately and went to various places to protect them. Peng Baolu, who was only 4 years old, was protected by his mother, Wang Chan, who called Peng Baolu "Mother", and told him not to call himself "Peng Baolu".
Wang Chan took her young "son" around to avoid the enemy's search.
Academician Peng Shilu later recalled: I have more than 20 parents, they are poor and kind people, especially love me, usually they can't eat enough, I eat enough; every New Year's Festival is rare to have a little fish, I eat meat, they nibble bones.
Photo note: Red opera "Young Peng Shilu"
Peng Baolu once lived in the home of Chen Yongjun of the Red Army, but because of the traitor's informant, Chen Yongjun's mother was arrested, and the young Peng Baolu was also sent to prison. At that time, the Kuomintang reported in the newspapers that "the son of the communist bandit Peng Pan was captured by our Ninth Division."
In prison, everyone protected Peng Baolu, no matter how tortured to extract a confession, he did not reveal that he was Peng Pan's son, and even everyone saw that he was dressed too badly, and jointly pooled money to make a new dress for little Peng Baolu.
Picture note: The Peng family is full of loyal martyrs
In this way, he stayed in prison for more than 2 years, and was finally recognized as an "irregular citizen" and released from prison. But at this time, Peng Baolu had no source of livelihood and could only work as a small beggar on the street.
Later, his grandmother saw his news in the newspaper and found him, taking him to Hong Kong in 1936 to hide. At this time, Peng Shilu, who was already 12 years old, had the opportunity to read and write.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="29" >3, go to Yan'an</h1>
In 1937, Japan invaded China in an all-round way, and the whole country launched a vigorous anti-Japanese salvation movement, and although Hong Kong was in a quiet corner, it also supported the domestic anti-Japanese movement.
Picture note: Oil painting of the East River Column
In this environment, the young Peng Baolu and his cousin Peng Ke fled Hong Kong together and joined the Dongjiang Column in Pingshan, Huizhou. In order to protect him, the guerrilla fighters at that time officially changed his name to "Peng Shilu".
Later, the organization sent Peng Shilu back to Hong Kong again, so that he could study with peace of mind, and in order not to let him "disappear again", this time directly arranged Peng Shilu to be in the home of the head of the Hong Kong underground party at that time.
In 1940, the organization decided to send these martyrs' orphans to Yan'an, when Vice Chairman Zhou Enlai asked his defender Long Feihu to go to Guilin to pick them up first to Chongqing, and from Chongqing to Yan'an.
Photo note: Zhou Enlai and Deng Yingchao in Chongqing in 1940
In Chongqing, Zhou Enlai and Deng Yingchao personally received the children, and Zhou Enlai said to Peng Shilu, "Finally found you!" You look a lot like your father. Do you know? When I came back from studying in France 15 years ago, it was your father who picked me up at the pier. ”
After speaking, Zhou Enlai touched Peng Shilu's head and said kindly: "Child, now I want to send you to Yan'an, and in the future you must inherit the legacy of the martyrs, study hard, and strive to participate in the revolutionary struggle." ”
After Peng Shilu arrived in Yan'an, he first read for a year, and then went to Yan'an Central Hospital as a nurse for a year and a half, where Peng Shilu gave the wounded people and urine, and worked tirelessly.
Note: The Eighth Route Army launched a large-scale production campaign in Yan'an
In 1943, Peng Shilu was named a model nurse, during which he suffered from tuberculosis, often coughed and vomited blood, Cai Chang, who was known by Zhou Enlai as "Sister Cai", and after being transferred from the hospital by the Organization Department, he was sent to the Yan'an Academy of Natural Sciences to study.
Because Peng Shilu has been wandering, learning has not kept up, at the beginning he did not even understand the trigonometric function sin, cos, but Peng Shilu is very hard, study very hard, after a period of time, his grades quickly improved.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="42" >4. Study in the Soviet Union</h1>
Later, Peng Shilu has been working as a technician in a coking plant and an explosives factory. In 1949, Peng Shilu was sent to Harbin Institute of Technology to study, and later transferred to the Department of Applied Chemistry of Dalian University.
Photo note: Peng Shilu in the Soviet Union
In 1951, China sent a group of outstanding students to study in the Soviet Union, so Peng Shilu went to the Kazan Institute of Chemical Technology to study in the Department of Chemical Machinery.
In the Soviet Union, he listened to lectures during the day, sorted out the study materials at night, studied every day until late at night, began to study abroad in 51 to graduate in 1956, in the 6 years of study, Peng Shilu took a total of 36 courses, in addition to 3 courses with qualified results, the other 33 courses were excellent, and 3 practical courses were also excellent.
Combining Peng Shilu's course results and graduation thesis results, Peng Shilu won the title of "Excellent Chemical Machinery Engineer" at the Moscow Institute of Chemical Machinery with full academic performance at the time of graduation.
Photo note: General Chen Geng
In 1956, General Chen Geng visited the Soviet Union and summoned Peng Shilu to the embassy.
Chen Geng said to Peng Shilu: The United States and the Soviet Union all have atomic bombs and hydrogen bombs, and the United States also has nuclear submarines. We have to be free from being bullied by others, and we have to have these things. The Central Committee has decided to select a group of international students to study atomic energy and nuclear power instead, are you willing to change careers?
Peng Shilu replied firmly: As long as the motherland needs it, of course I am willing.
As a result, China has one less "excellent chemical machinery engineer" and one more nuclear submarine division.
In 1958, Peng Shilu, who studied nuclear power for two years at the Moscow Institute of Power, returned to China with excellent results and was assigned to work at the Beijing Institute of Atomic Energy.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="54" >5, China's first nuclear submarine chief division</h1>
In July 1958, China's nuclear submarine development program codenamed 09 was quietly launched. But soon as the world situation changed, Sino-Soviet relations quickly fell apart, and the Soviet Union subsequently withdrew all its experts.
Photo note: Peng Shilu after returning to China
In October 1959, during his visit to China, Khrushchev said to China that "nuclear submarine technology is complex and expensive, and you cannot do it." Chairman Mao said, "Nuclear submarines must be built in ten thousand years!" ”
At that time, there was an extreme shortage of scientific and technological talents in China, not to mention those who specialized in nuclear weapons. Under such circumstances, after careful study, the central authorities decided to concentrate limited manpower and material resources on the atomic bomb first, and only a team of about 50 people was retained to continue to engage in research and testing related work on nuclear submarines. Peng Shilu was appointed deputy director of the institute (there was no director at that time).
Time flies, and on October 16, 1964, with a loud bang in Lop Nur, China's first atomic bomb exploded triumphantly. It marks that the Chinese has its own nuclear weapons.
With this town-state weapon, we can finally take a breath and draw out manpower to continue to develop nuclear submarines.
In August 1965, Fang Qiang, director of the Sixth Machine Department and deputy commander of the Navy, announced: "On August 19, the Central Special Committee approved the relaunch of nuclear submarine development and set sail again!" ”
"At the sound of an order, pack up your backpack and leave." Peng Shilu bid farewell to his wife and children in Beijing and went to Sichuan alone to participate in the preparation of China's first submarine nuclear power plant land-based mode reactor test base.
At that time, the conditions were too poor, only hand-cranked calculators and slide rules, and scientific and technological personnel worked day and night to calculate hundreds of thousands of data to establish a calculation formula for reactor physics.
But with the formula in place, there is still no guarantee that the safety of the reactor will be controlled under normal conditions. So the researchers were forced to secretly build a 1:1 reactor on the third line and do zero-power tests. Sure enough, errors were found in the experiment, the formula was corrected, and nearly doubled the combustible poison rod ...
Photo: Group photo of the four chief divisions of the first generation of nuclear submarines and boat No. 406, from left: Zhao Renkai, Peng Shilu, Huang Weilu, Huang Xuhua
Under such circumstances, Chinese military workers through self-reliance, in only 6 years, on July 1, 1971, China's nuclear submarines successfully generated nuclear power for the first time; in August Chinese their own nuclear submarines sailed into the sea with the dream of Chinese.
On August 1, 1974, the Central Military Commission officially incorporated China's first nuclear submarine as the "Long March No. 1" into the battle sequence of the People's Navy.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="68" >6, Peng "clapping" and his regrets</h1>
In the entire career of developing nuclear submarines, Peng Shilu was known as "Peng Baoban" and "Peng Bold", and Peng Shilu said to this: How to do without making a decision at a critical moment, I am responsible for shooting wrong, I want to behead and cut me, and I want to go to jail.
Photo note: Peng Shilu was in charge of the Daya Bay nuclear power project after his conversion to civilians
During the preparation of the Daya Bay nuclear power plant, "Peng Bold" talked about the most "seize the time", with interest of 1 million US dollars a day, and the early completion of the day is to save 1 million US dollars. Moreover, Peng Shilu was also "bold" enough to decide to break ground before waiting for the approval of the State Planning Commission, and he was criticized for this.
But he didn't care, and often said: As long as it is for the people, for the sake of work, we will have no shame.
One morning, Peng Shilu's wife, Ma Shuying, asked him what he was thinking.
Photo: Peng Shilu and his wife Ma Shuying when they studied in Moscow
He said, "I'm thinking about my first lady. ”
Madame said, "Oh, miss me." ”
He said: "No, my first lady is nuclear powered. ”
Madame said, "Well, for this, I'll let." So the second lady should be me, right? ”
Elder Peng said: "The second lady is tobacco, alcohol and tea, and the third lady is you." ”
Madame twisted him and said, "Don't do it, divorce!" ”
Elder Peng immediately said, "Be well, little Martha (The Russian name of Lady Ma Shuying when she stayed in the Soviet Union) was promoted to second lady!" You didn't say anything about my career..."
Although the first lady is nuclear powered, Peng Lao's own status in the family can only rank sixth: "Martha first, daughter second, grandson third, nanny fourth, son-in-law fifth, I rank sixth." ”
In 1978, Peng Shilu won the "National Science Congress Award" and informed him that when he went to Beijing for a meeting, Peng Shilu was at the construction site and he had no idea that he was the recipient.
When he won the National Science and Technology Progress Grand Prize, he was surprised and said: "Can I also win the prize?" ”
Such a revolutionary worker of the older generation did not care much about his own life, and he did not know or inquire about when his salary would be raised, when he would be rated, and when he would be appraised.
In this regard, Peng Shilu always said: My parents threw their heads for the revolution and gave me the blood to dedicate everything to the motherland. I grew up with a hundred family names, eating a hundred meals, and wearing a hundred clothes. Ordinary people are more vulnerable to me as a martyr than their own children, and some people go to jail to cover me, even sacrificing their husbands or sons. I have been saved with the blood and lives of the masses of the people! The party and the state have given me much more than I have paid.
Picture note: China's latest development of the Type 094 nuclear submarine
In 1978, Peng Shilu won the "National Science Conference Award"; in 1985, as the first person to complete it, he won the "National Science and Technology Progress Special Award"; in 1988, he was awarded the "Honorary Award for Outstanding Contributions to the Cause of National Defense Science and Technology" by the Commission of Science, Technology and Industry for National Defense in recognition of outstanding chief designers; and in 1996, he was awarded the "Ho Leung Ho Lee Foundation Science and Technology Progress Award". In 1994, he was elected as the first batch of academicians of the Chinese Academy of Engineering.
On March 22, 2021, Academician Peng Shilu passed away at the age of 96.
Academician Peng Shilu asked three things before his death:
1. Funerals are simple;
2. Do not retain the ashes and bury them at sea;
3. The ashes are scattered in the waters of Huludao, where he has worked for many years.
Let us pay tribute to China's first nuclear submarine chief division, salute the republic's sword casters, Peng Lao all the way!
Text/Take history as a mirror
Graph/Network
References/
Peng Shilu, China's first chief designer of nuclear submarines
Peng Shilu's self-description: feelings, regrets and wishes
Peng Shilu: Two things in a lifetime
Academician Peng Shilu: Three "Ladies" of Nuclear Power Experts