From 1206 AD when Genghis Khan established the Great Mongolian State, after which the Great Mongolian State was divided by his descendants, to 429 years in 1634, there were 4 Khans of great Mongolia, 11 khans of the Yuan Dynasty, 23 Khans of the Northern Yuan Dynasty, 4 Khans of the Wokoutai Khanate, 23 Khans of the Chagatai Khanate (1227-1346 AD), 7 Khans of the Western Chagatai (1346-1402 AD), 28 Khans of the Eastern Chagatai Khanate (1338-1682 AD), 28 Khans of the Ilkhanate (1338-1682 AD), and the Ilkhanate (1338-1682 AD) 1253--1355 AD) 17 Khans, the Golden Horde (Chincha Khanate) (1219-1502 AD) 48 Khans, the Dzungar Khanate (1634-1757 AD) 10 Khans, the Heshot Khanate (1642-1757 AD) 5 Khans, the Turk Khanate (1628-1771 AD) 8 Khans, in the history of Mongolia many Mongol khans fate is either poisoned or killed in battle, which also led to the lack of concentration of power in the khanate, What did the last khanates of these khanates experience when they were torn apart and the last khanate collapsed, leading to the tragic history of the last khans who were bent on restoring the country and were insufficient? How to lose a country and a regime?
Möngke Khan, the last khan of the Great Mongol State
Möngke Khan: BoerJin Möngke (10 January 1209 – 11 August 1259), the fourth khan of the Great Mongol Empire, historically known as "Möngke Khan". He reigned from 1 July 1251 to 11 August 1259. Grandson of Genghis Khan, eldest son of Tuolei, mother instigated Ruhothani. Before taking the throne, he participated in the western expedition of the eldest son of the commander of Battu, captured the Chincha leader Bachiman alive, and attacked Guros and other places. After taking the throne, he mainly devoted himself to attacking and destroying the Southern Song Dynasty, Dali and other countries. He also sent Hulagu to conquer the western kingdoms of West Asia. In 1258, Möngke, his brother Kublai Khan and the general Wuliang Hetai attacked the Southern Song Dynasty in three major routes. In the seventh month of the lunar calendar in 1258, Meng Ge personally led the main force to attack Sichuan, all the way invincible, conquered most of the northern Sichuan, in early 1259, the attack under the Diaoyu City of Hezhou (present-day Hechuan District, Chongqing) was blocked. After several months of invincibility, on August 11, 1259, Möngke died of illness at diaoyushan in Hezhou, and died of serious injuries at the age of fifty. Möngke's sudden death led to a five-year civil war between Kublai Khan and Ali Buge for the Khanate, and in order to win the support of the Zongwang forces, Kublai Khan acquiesced to the legitimate rule of the Jurchen Queen Beerge, chagatai queen Aruku and the sixth brother Hulegu over their respective fiefdoms, thus causing the Great Mongol State to split the five khanates, until 1264, when Ali Buge surrendered to Kublai Khan and then moved the capital to Dadu.
Lin Dan Khan, the last khan of the Yuan Dynasty
Lin Dan Khan (1592-1634), of the Boer Only Jin clan, known as Lin Dan Batur, Khan named Hutuktu Khan, was the 35th Great Khan of the Mongol Empire (reigned 1604-1634), generally considered to be the last Great Khan of mongolia (some people believe that Erzhe was the last Great Khan). After the death of Buyenchechen Khan, Lin Dan, the eldest grandson of the 13-year-old, succeeded to the Khanate and ruled the Chahar department. When Lin Dan Khan succeeded to the throne, the Mongol Khanate had been in a state of disrepute for a long time, and the ministries of Korqin, Nekarkha, Tumut, and Ordos in southern Mo were independent of each other, and the Mongol Great Khan could only control the Chahar departments in Liaohetao (divided into Haozit, Naiman, Keshketen, Uzumuqin, Sunit, Ao Han, Alakhot, and the eight Otoks of the Main Xi ti), which were only regarded as nominal co-lords by the mo nan tribes. Transkarka in the north of the desert did not recognize the Mongol Great Khan as co-lord, while Moxi Weirat remained an enemy of the Mongol Empire. On the other hand, the Jurchens in the East are gradually embarking on the road of unification and prosperity under the leadership of Nurhaci. Therefore, the situation of Lin Dan Khan in his early years was very difficult. Lin Dan Khan sought to restore Mongol unity and restore the hegemony of Ghis Khan, while facing the threat of the emerging Jurchens. Therefore, he adopted the policy of jointly fighting against the Jin Dynasty externally, and sought to control other Mongol tribes internally, and he gave priority to the unification of Mongolia on the principle of "outside the country must first be inside", and avoided head-on confrontation with the Later Jin. During the reign of The Later Jin Nurhaci, the Later Jin and the Northern Yuan fought many battles, and both sides had their own victories and losses, but because of the strategic alliance between the Northern Yuan and the Ming Dynasty, the Jin people's ambition to annex the Mongolian steppe was never realized. After Emperor Taiji ascended the throne, Lin Dan Khan became his greatest enemy. From April 1631 to March 1632, Emperor Taiji twice sent troops to expedition to Chahar lin dan khan, and even ordered the Mongol forces that submitted to the Later Jin to come to the meeting. In May of that year, Emperor Taiji gathered an army of 100,000 and chased the remnants of Lin Dan Khan in three ways, and in late May, the Qing army entered Naturalization City and learned that Lin Dan Khan had crossed the Yellow River, so he stopped pursuing. In the summer and autumn of 1634, Lin Dan Khan, who had no hope of recovering the country, died of illness in Dacaotan, Qinghai.
The last Khan of Wokoutai, Chabaer Khan
Chaba'er was the son of Haidu Khan of the Wokoutai Khanate. The last Khan of the Wokoutai Khanate, after the death of Haidu in 1301 AD, Chaba'er succeeded to the Khan's throne. Wokoutai's descendants fought for the Khan's throne and led to a split. In 1303, Chaba'er and the Chagatai Khanate Khanate sent envoys to Dadu to ask for peace, and the northwestern kings recognized the status of suzerainty of the Yuan Dynasty. However, the alliance of the Wokoutai Khanate and the Chagatai Khanate collapsed. In 1304, with the support of the Yuan Dynasty, Duwa plundered the western city of the Wokoutai Khanate, and the Yuan Dynasty Huaining Wang Haishan also attacked the Wokoutai Khanate in the east. ChaBa'er was defeated and had to surrender to Du Wa. In the second year of Emperor Wuzong's reign (1309), Cha Ba'er took advantage of civil strife to try to restore the Wokoutai Khanate, but failed, and returned to the Yuan Dynasty in the east, and in 1310, Cha Ba'er was crowned the King of Runing by Haishan, who succeeded Yuan Wuzong. The territory of the Wokoutai Khanate was also divided between the Chagatai Khanate and the Yuan Dynasty.
The last Chagatai Khan, Khezan, counted
Hezan Suanduan, 1343-1346, the 23rd Khan of the Chagatai Khanate, great-grandson of Timur the Chagatai Khan, and son of Yasa Wu'er. His capital was in Karsch, and he devoted himself to suppressing the Turkic nobles in the river region. The Turkic nobleman Imigazikhan once held the Hezan suanduan, and he was the primary enemy of the Hezan suanduan. It is said that the Hatsan Suanduan shot a blind Gazhan in the eye during the war, and the Hatsan Suanduan took it lightly and returned to Karshi for the winter. Ghazhan fights back and kills Hatzan. Ghazhan established a new Khan in the middle of the river. Since then, the Chagatai Khanate has been divided into east and west.
The last Khan of The Western Chagatai, Maha, was not counted
Mahabharata is a puppet khan of the Timurid Empire, the lost son of the Former Wu'er Sea. After the death of the former Wu'er Sea, Timur embraced Maha as a puppet khan. In 1402, mahawu's death marked the complete end of the chagatai-wokoutai family's rule in the Central Asian river. The Chagatai Khanate had only one khan in the Eastern Chagatai Khanate.
The last Khan of Eastern Chagatai, Ismayel Khan
Ismayel Khan, surname Borzigit, golden family, the last Khan of the Yarkand Khanate. A translation of Ismail Khan, Ismail Khan, Sima Yi Khan and other Borzigit clans. Brother of King Abdullah Khan of Chagatai. Lives in Xinjiang. In the ninth year of the Kangxi Dynasty (1670), the Yeerqiang and Yecheng Montenegrin factions revolted and overthrew the rule of Yaolebas Khan, and went from Aksu to Yeerqiang, that is, the Khan's throne. Following the teachings of the Montenegrin sect, he chased apak and Zhuo with his troops. In the twelfth year (1673), Urut and Zhuojin jinjingon were sent. Twenty-one years later (1682), Apak and Zhuoyin Dzungar, the ministry of Gardan marched into Yarkand and Kashgar, and the son Babaksultan led the army to resist the battle, defeated and captured and escorted to Ili, and the khanate was destroyed.
The last Khan of the Golden Horde, Sekheh Ali
Saikh Ali was the forty-third monarch of the Golden Horde and was the successor of Aheima Khan, who became the monarch of the Golden Horde after Aheima Khan. A decisive power contest was fought between Aheima Khan (reigned c. 1460-1481) and Ivan III the Great , Grand Duke of Rus (reigned 1462–1505). In order to shake the suzerainty of the Golden Horde, Ivan III attempted to gain the friendship of the dissident Crimean KhanMinri Glei, and may have found allies in the Kazan Khanate. In 1476, he commissioned the Venetian merchant Marco Polo. Rafi signed a third covenant against the Sarai Khanate with Uzon Hassan, the king of Western Persia and a Turkmen. After isolating (or encircling) the Golden Horde more or less, he no longer paid tribute. In 1474, Aheima ordered him to pay tribute and sent an emissary, Hala Kuchum. In 1476, Ahmadi sent another emissary, ordering Ivan III to go to the Khanate. Ivan III refused. On the side of Aheima, he also besieged the Grand Duchy of Moscow through an alliance with King Casimir IV of Poland and marched towards Moscow. In order to block the enemy's passage, Ivan occupied the position on the banks of the Oka River, and later, as the Mongols advanced westward, he occupied the position on the Ugra River (1480). The two armies faced each other for a long time on the Uguera River. Ivan refused to go to "kiss the Khan's horse's pedals", but he was a little uncertain about the fate of Russia. Ahema also hesitated, for fear of being attacked by the Crimean Khan in the rear. In October, Aheima's army faced with unbearable cold, withdrew from the Ugra River and returned to Salai with the spoils of war. This battle without fighting actually led to the liberation of Russia (1480). Shortly thereafter, Aheima was suddenly attacked by Ibak, the leader of the Shapan tribe, who was wandering east of the Ural River, and was killed. Ahmah's son and heir, Sekhe ali, re-established hostility toward Russia by confederating with the Lithuanians (1501), but Ivan III used his alliance with the Crimean Khan to pay Sekhe ali. In 1502, the Crimean Khan Mingri Glei captured and destroyed Salai. The Golden Horde ended here.
The last Khan of the Ilkhanate, Nur, was finished
Nurghwan, the fifteenth monarch of the Ilkhanate, when the western part of the Ilkhanate was divided into the Chu Dynasty and the Zarayir Dynasty, and the Chu Dynasty Malik Ashiraf supported the young Nurjar at Taoli Monastery (Tabriz), the capital of the Ilkhanate. In 1357, the Khan of the Chincha Khanate, Zanibe, invaded the Taoli Monastery, Malik Ashiraf was killed, the Chu Dynasty collapsed, Nur lost his life, and the orthodox Ilkhanate of the Taoli Monastery ended.
The last Khan of Dzungar, Rus Dawazi
Choros d'Avazi was the grandson of Tseringdon Dob. After the death of Kaldanze Zero, he had to establish himself as The Great Khan of the Dzungar Khanate with the support of Kaldanze's son-in-law Amir Sana. Amir Sana later divided Xinjiang and became independent, but Dawazi Khan was so dissatisfied that he sent troops to defeat him, and Amir Sana was forced to flee to the Qing Dynasty to seek refuge from the Qianlong Emperor. In the twentieth year of Qianlong (1755), the Qianlong Emperor sent a large army under the guidance of Amir Sana to conquer the Dzungar Khanate in the west. The Qing army annihilated the main force of the Dzungar Khanate at the Battle of Gedeng, and soon captured Qoros Dawazi Khan and escorted him to Beijing. The complete demise of the centuries-old Dzungar Khanate also marked the complete end of more than five hundred years of rule by the Mongol nobles and their descendants in the northern and southern regions of the Tianshan Mountains. In the 39th year of Qianlong (1774), on the 27th day of the fourth lunar month, the Qianlong Emperor enthroned the daughter of the Deputy Governor of the Internal Affairs Office and er Jing'e, The Hitara Clan, as the Fu Jin of Yongyan, the Crown Prince of Jia, and pardoned the world, and the Qing court released Qiluo Dawaqi and conferred the title of Prince of Dzungar, but later died in Beijing.
The last Khan of Heshuot, Razang Khan
Lhazang Khan was the last Khan of the Heshuo Khanate, the great-grandson of Gushi Khan and the son of The Dalai Khan Punsuk. In 1701, the Dalai Khan died, And Lazang Khan succeeded to the Khan's throne, and the Kangxi Emperor of the Qing Dynasty was crowned Yifa Gongshun Khan. In 1703, Lazangtaiji arrived in Lhasa. In 1705, due to the struggle for the establishment of the sixth Dalai Lama, the fifth Dalai Lama, Dipa Sangye Gyatso, was at odds with Lazang Khan, and when Dipa poisoned him, he plotted to defeat the army and was killed instead, and the Heshuot Khanate headed by Lazang Khan restored gushi Khan's powerful rule in Tibet, deposed the sixth Dalai Lama Cangyang Gyatso, who he had supported, and re-elected Awang Isi Gyatso as the sixth Dalai Lama. In 1717, the Dzungar Khanate's Tsering Alabutan sent Taiji Dazelingdun Dob from Ili to escort the two children of Lazang Khan back to Tibet (the wife of Lazang Khan was from the Dzungar chieftain family), and through Ush - Shache - Hotan - Aksai Chin - Alongangari Mountains - Shenza County - Tibet Northern Namtso, invaded Lhasa, killed Lazang Khan, and the Heshot Khanate was destroyed.
The last Khan of the Turgut Khanate, Wolbasi
Wolbasi Khan (1743-1775) was the last Khan of the Mongol Turk Khanate and the great-grandson of Ayuthi Khan. In 1761, he succeeded to the throne, and in January 1771, Wolbasi Khan led his headquarters to move eastward, and in July arrived in western Mongolia, where the Qianlong Emperor crowned him as the Khan of the Old Turk special department of Unaen Susuktu, with his part as the Old Turk special department. On January 9, 1775 (the thirty-ninth year of Qianlong), Wolbasi died of illness at the age of 33