When watching spy war dramas, many people are often confused by the intricate intelligence departments of the CC Department, the Central Command, and the Military Command, and it is difficult to understand the relationship between them, which greatly affects the viewing experience of the small partners. So, how did the CC department, the central unification, and the military unification all come about, and what kind of relationship did they have with each other? After reading this article, I think everyone will be able to sort out one or two.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="80" >CC system: Originally a concubine of Chiang Kai-shek's control of party affairs, independent will was generated after its strength was enhanced</h1>
CC Department, in fact, refers to the "Central Club" established in Shanghai in September 1927, "CC" is the abbreviation of the English name of the Central Club "Central Club", and it is also said that it is the initial letters of Chen Guofu and Chen Lifu brothers, the heads of the "CC Department".
Chen Qimei
Just as the so-called "Chiang Family Under the Chen Family Party, the Song Family Sister Kong Jia cai", the "Chen Family" here refers to Chen Guofu and Chen Lifu brothers, and the relationship between the two and Chiang Kai-shek is extremely close. Speaking of these two brothers, we have to mention another person, that is, Chiang Kai-shek's Bole and the guide- Chen Qimei.
Chen Qimei was an early member of the League, deeply respected by Sun Yat-sen, and once married Chiang Kai-shek Jinlan, Chen Qimei can be called Chiang Kai-shek's "revolutionary guide", it was Chen Qimei who introduced him to join the League, and then he served under Chen Qimei for a long time, and until Chen Qimei was killed, he was loyal to him, not only was he sent by Chen Qimei to assassinate Tao Chengzhang, the leader of the Guangfuhui, but also served as a regimental commander under Chen Qimei and led a "death squad" of Chen Qimei.
The reason why Chiang Kai-shek was able to mix with that position later stemmed from Chen Qimei's introduction to Sun Yat-sen, who was indeed quite talented at that time, but there were not many people who could shoulder heavy responsibilities and have the ability to execute, so when chen Qimei, an important cadre, was assassinated, Chiang Kai-shek began to be gradually reused.
Chiang Kai-shek and Chen Guofu and Chen Lifu brothers
It is precisely for this reason that Chiang Kai-shek has maintained a close relationship with Chen Qimei's followers and relatives for a long time, and the two brothers Chen Guofu and Chen Lifu are Chen Qimei's nephews, and the Chen brothers have always referred to Chiang Kai-shek as "Uncle Shi", which shows the closeness of the relationship between the two sides.
It was precisely because the two sides were so closely related, and because Chen Guofu and Chen Lifu were indeed loyal to Chiang Kai-shek in their early years, Chiang Kai-shek entrusted the most important party affairs to the two brothers, of whom Chen Guofu became the head of the organization in 1926 and Chen Lifu took over in 1932. Therefore, the Chen brothers used the power to control the promotion of personnel within the party and did their best to escort Chiang Kai-shek, after all, the interests of everyone during this period were still the same.
In 1927, Chiang Kai-shek was forced to go down in August of the same year due to contradictions and struggles with Wang Jingwei, Li Zongren and other factions, and before going down, Chiang Kai-shek arranged for the Chen brothers to make trouble for the new government, while secretly accumulating strength. Therefore, Chen Guofu and Chen Lifu established a secret organization, the Central Club, in June of the same year, which recruited a large number of important members of the state government, and the CC Department was born.
During Chen Guofu's tenure as organization minister, his younger brother Chen Lifu was in charge of the ministry's investigation system, thereby investigating and archiving the political tendencies of party members at that time, and after Chiang Kai-shek came to power again, he launched a great purge from 1928 to 1929, thus strengthening Chiang Kai-shek's control over the Kuomintang.
Since the Chen brothers were so supportive of Chiang Kai-shek, Chiang Kai-shek naturally had extreme trust and importance to the two of them, so for a long time, the Chen brothers were almost the embodiment of Chiang Kai-shek and were able to represent Chiang Kai-shek on various diplomatic occasions. It was precisely by virtue of Chiang Kai-shek's trust that the CC Department began to develop rapidly, and in 1931 15% of the 72 members of the "Central Executive Committee" (Central Executive Committee) belonged to the CC Department, and by 1935, 50 of the 180 elected members belonged to the CC Department, and the proportion had risen to 28%. At the peak of the War of Resistance Against Japan, there were tens of thousands of members.
However, when an organization's power is relatively weak, it is easy to maintain its "original intention", but with the increase of strength, the organization begins to inevitably produce its own will. With the increase of the strength of the CC department, this organization eventually became an offensive and defensive alliance headed by the Chen brothers, who no longer simply escorted Chiang Kai-shek and inevitably began to seek their own interests.
At that time, although there were always many factions in the Kuomintang, the CC department headed by the Chen brothers was undoubtedly the strongest and most influential faction, and it continued until Chiang Kai-shek's defeat and retreat from Taiwan. Later, due to Chiang Kai-shek's complete disappointment with the Chen brothers, Chiang Ching-kuo completely replaced Er Chen, and this organization gradually withered away.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="53" > Central Unification: Originally a CC department of party affairs, once strong and then returned to internal affairs</h1>
The establishment of the Central System is actually inextricably linked to the CC system. As mentioned above, in order to crack down on the opposition within the Party, when Chen Guofu was the head of the Organization Department, his brother Chen Lifu was responsible for managing the investigation system of the Ministry, which was the "Party Affairs Investigation Section" of full-time intelligence in the Organization Department, and this Investigation Section was the predecessor of the Central Unification, and its main responsibility was to investigate the political tendencies and ideological dynamics of the members of the Party.
Later, with the expansion of the strength of the CC Department, the tasks of the Party Affairs Investigation Section began to slowly penetrate from within the Party to outside the Party, expanding into the "Secret Service Headquarters" in 1932 and reorganized into the "Party Affairs Investigation Office" in 1935, and its main responsible person was Xu Enzeng, who was also a CC Department. In fact, it is mainly aimed at the investigation and sabotage of our party, especially after the "April 12 Incident", the arrest and sabotage of our party personnel by the Party Affairs Investigation Section is extremely rampant.
According to incomplete statistics, from 1931 to 1935, the organization arrested a total of 19 senior cadres, 80 middle-ranking cadres, and 15,000 party members, including the arrest and murder of Xiang Zhongfa, general secretary of the CPC Central Committee, Peng Peng, alternate member of the Politburo, Yang Yin, alternate member of the Politburo, Yun Daiying, secretary general of the Propaganda Department, Chen Qiaonian, director of the Organization Department of Jiangsu Province, Cai Hesen, secretary of the Guangdong Provincial CPC Committee, chen Geng, one of the responsible persons of the Central Special Branch, Luo Dengxian, secretary of the Shanghai Executive Bureau of the All-China Federation of Trade Unions, and Luo Dengxian, secretary of the Shanghai Executive Bureau of the All-China Federation of Trade Unions. Liao Chengzhi, secretary of the Haimen's Union Party Group, kidnapped progressive writers Ding Ling and Pan Zinian, while Gu Shunzhang, alternate member of the Politburo of the CPC Central Committee and one of the responsible persons of the Central Special Branch, Li Zhusheng, secretary of the Provisional Shanghai Bureau of the CPC Central Committee, and Sheng Zhongliang, acting secretary of the CPC Central Committee, were arrested and defected one after another.
In particular, Gu Shunzhang's arrest and defection dealt a devastating blow to our Party's organization in Shanghai, and although the Party Central Committee and the Jiangsu Provincial Party Committee were spared due to the timely retreat, it also directly led to the almost destruction of the achievements of our Party's many years of operation in Shanghai, and the main activities were forced to go underground.
In April 1937, the "Party Affairs Investigation Office" under Xu Enzeng's responsibility and the "Lixing Society" under Dai Kasa's responsibility were merged into the "Investigation and Statistics Bureau" of the Military Commission of the National Government, with Chen Lifu as the director, of which one of the investigation departments was still responsible for party affairs, with Xu Enzeng as the director; the second division composed of lixing society was responsible for secret agents, with Dai Kasa as the director.
In the spring of 1938, Chiang Kai-shek, taking advantage of the national difficulties during the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, in order to prevent Japanese espionage activities, improve work efficiency, and enhance the strength of the War of Resistance, at the Provisional National Congress of the Kuomintang held on March 29, decided to reorganize the original Investigation and Statistics Bureau of the Military Commission of the National Government and expand it into three open secret service organizations, of which, on the basis of the first office, established the Investigation and Statistics Bureau of the Kuomintang Central Executive Committee under the Secretariat of the Central Party Department, referred to as "Central Unification", and the director of the bureau was Zhu Jiahua, secretary general of the Kuomintang Central Committee Xu En was once the deputy director, and Xu was responsible for the daily practical work.
The Central Committee of the Communist Party of China implements a strict hierarchical management system, with the Kuomintang party departments at all levels as the base for activities, set up investigation and statistics offices in provincial and municipal party departments, set up special personnel in party departments below the provincial level to be responsible for "investigation and statistics," and extensively establish a "party member investigation network" in cultural groups, colleges, universities, and key middle schools.
In February 1949, the Central Committee was renamed the Bureau of Investigation of the Ministry of the Interior, which was subordinate to the Ministry of the Interior of the Executive Yuan of the National Government, but in fact it was still controlled by the Kuomintang Central Committee, and was still customarily called the Central Unification. After the Kuomintang defeated Taiwan, it was reorganized into the "Investigation Bureau of the Ministry of Justice and Administration" in October 1954, and is now the "Investigation Bureau" under the jurisdiction of Taiwan's legal department.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="79" > military unification: Born to balance the "central unification", Dai Kasa gradually declined after his death</h1>
Because the Central Unification was too closely related to the CC department, and after the CC department grew, due to its own interests, it was not single-minded toward Chiang Kai-shek, and even often lost the interests of the old Chiang Kai-shek because of its own interests, such as the killing of Yang Yongtai, an important strategist of Chiang Kai-shek. Therefore, Chiang Kai-shek thought of setting up an organization directly controlled by himself in addition to the central unification, and at this time the "Revival Society" entered Chiang Kai-shek's sight.
The Fuxing Society, also known as the "Blue Clothing Society," was originally a small organization privately set up by some grassroots officers of the Whampoa Military Academy because they were dissatisfied with the corruption of the government, and because they harbored some idealistic elements, they could be said to be a very energetic and energetic group of young people, which made Chiang Kai-shek very satisfied, so he began to vigorously support it. At that time, there were thirteen early backbone members of the Fuxing Society, also known as the "Thirteen Taibao", namely Liu Jianqun, He Zhihan, Deng Wenyi, Kang Ze, Gui Yongqing, Feng Ti, Zheng Jiemin, Zeng Guoqing, Liang Ganqiao, Xiao Zanyu, Teng Jie, Dai Kasa, and Hu Zongnan.
With the support of Chiang Kai-shek, the strength of the Revival Society grew rapidly. However, the early responsibilities of the Revival Society have not been clear, but as one of the early backbone members, Dai Kasa, has been extremely active, he led more than a dozen small partners, spying around for news, and then sent it to Chiang Kai-shek, Chiang Kai-shek actually did not take it seriously at first, but over time he found that this young man was very capable, so he began to reuse Dai Kasa.
Chiang Kai-shek and Dai Kasa
In 1932, in order to balance the bloated and incompetent "Central Unification", Chiang Kai-shek instructed Dai Kasa to establish a core organization within the Revival Society, the Lixing Society, and set up a special service under it to carry out espionage activities, with Dai Kasa as the director, which was the predecessor of the military command.
As mentioned above, in 1937, when the Lixing Society merged with the Party Affairs Investigation Office to form the Investigation and Statistics Bureau of the Military Commission of the National Government, it was reorganized in early 1938, and the second division, with the Lixing Society as the main branch, was expanded to the Military Commission Investigation and Statistics Bureau, which was subordinate to the General Office of the Military Commission, referred to as "Military Unification", with Chen Lifu concurrently serving as the first director and Dai Kasa as the deputy director. In addition to the Central Unification and the Military Command, the third organization separated from the Investigation and Statistics Bureau of the Military Commission of the National Government is the Special Inspection Office under the General Office of the Military Commission, which is mainly responsible for post and telecommunications inspections.
Compared with spying on intelligence and carrying out counter-espionage work, the military command is most famous for assassinating military and political personnel and hostile people who have defected to Japan. For example, in 1933 he assassinated Zhang Jingyao, a traitor to the Beiyang warlord, yang Xingfo, vice chairman of the China Civil Rights Protection League; in 1934, he assassinated Shi Liangcai, the host of the Shanghai "Declaration"; Ji Hongchang, commander of the Second Army of the Chasui People's Anti-Japanese Allied Army; in 1936, he assassinated Wang Yaqiao; in 1939, he assassinated Chen Zhen, the foreign minister of the Restoration Government of the Republic of China; in 1940, he assassinated Zhang Xiaolin, the leader of the Green Gang; Fu Xiao'an, the mayor of Shanghai; Yang Quanyu, the mayor of Chengdu who had hoarded grain, was executed.
Judging from the "glorious deeds" of the military command, Dai Kasa's ability to do things is naturally very strong, and Dai Kasa also has a particularly excellent "strength", that is, he is very good at capturing Chiang Kai-shek's thoughts, after all, many people who make Chiang Kai-shek unhappy have been "eliminated" by the military command. Therefore, the military unification soon began to replace the position of the central unification and became a force that Chiang Kai-shek relied on, while the power of the central unification gradually shrank and was mainly responsible for internal affairs. This is also the reason why after the outbreak of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, the deeds of central unification were rarely mentioned again, and the activities of military unification gradually increased.
Although the assassination of the military command was mainly to help Chiang Kai-shek solve his troubles and also assassinated many progressive people, it has to be said that during the War of Resistance Against Japan, the military command still played some positive roles, especially the assassinations of Tang Shaoyi, Yin Rugeng, Ji Yunqing, Wang Jingwei, Zhou Fohai, and other traitors. Moreover, the "guerrilla command" and the "traffic police brigade" subordinate to the military command also went deep into the areas occupied by the Japanese and Kosovars to carry out extensive guerrilla warfare, which played a considerable role in cracking down on the Japanese and the traitors.
At its peak, the number of special agents of the military command reached more than 50,000 people, and their organizational form was mainly "bureau-district-station-group-team", and in some places, there were offices of equivalent districts and stations. The "group" is the basic unit of the special agents of the military command, each group is usually composed of about ten people, and according to different tasks, it is usually divided into ordinary groups, lurking groups, action groups, counter-insurgency groups, military groups, anti-espionage groups, and so on.
In March 1946, Dai Kasa crashed to death on the western outskirts of Nanjing on a special plane in Daishan, and the military commander fell and scattered. In August of the same year, the Military Commission was reorganized into the Ministry of National Defense, and the military command was also reorganized, among which the open secret service armed forces were merged with the second department of the Military Command Department of the Central Military Commission to form the second department of the Ministry of National Defense, with Zheng Jiemin as the director; the secret core part was formed into the Secrecy Bureau of the Ministry of National Defense, with Mao Renfeng as the director.
During the Liberation War, the military command mainly carried out secret service operations against our Party, such as the massacre of revolutionary volunteers imprisoned in the slag cave and the White Mansion, and a series of sabotage activities in the Liberated Areas.
After the defeat of the Nationalist government in Taiwan, some military command agents remained on the mainland to continue assassination, sabotage and intelligence activities, and it was not until the mid-1950s that they were gradually eliminated. The other part was withdrawn to Taiwan, and in 1950 it resumed its organization, and a bureau headquarters was established in ShilinzhiShanyan, Taipei, where it continued to engage in intelligence gathering, and led the Taiwan Working Committee case and the Taipei City Working Committee case.
In 1952, Chiang Kai-shek further reorganized Taiwan's secret service agencies, abolished the "Revolutionary Action Committee," and set up two secret service agencies, the Second Group and the Sixth Group, under the Kuomintang Central Committee, mainly responsible for "party building behind enemy lines" and "psychological warfare" and other secret service activities aimed at the mainland.
Since then, military unification has undergone a series of reorganizations, and once became a tool for maintaining Kuomintang rule in Taiwan and suppressing the people. It was not until after 1973, with the reorganization of Chiang Ching-kuo and Lee Teng-hui during their administration, that the military command was completely withdrawn from the stage of history.