On May 14, 1949, the 178th Regiment of the 60th Division of the 20th Army of the Third Field Army of the Chinese People's Liberation Army occupied the Maqiao area. At about 10:00 a.m. on the same day, Yu Qiuyue, county magistrate of the Kuomintang government, heard the news and rushed to lead the personnel of the organs and the security team to evacuate the North Bridge. The Kuomintang defenders were defeated and retreated, blowing up the No. 9 Bridge and the Fanghe Bridge of the Humin Highway on the Yutang River, and fleeing along the Humin Highway in the direction of the city, and along the way, they blew up the bridge decks of Bridge No. 7, Bridge No. 8, and Bridge No. 10.
The Kuomintang Shanghai county organ personnel fled one after another, and finally the reactionary county magistrate Yu Yueqiu led more than 30 people to flee in the direction of Tangwan. In the early morning of the 15th, the 178th Regiment of the 60th Division of the 20th Army of the People's Liberation Army occupied the Kuomintang Shanghai County Government Building, and the town of Zhibeiqiao in Shanghai County was liberated.
In the early morning of May 15, the 178th Regiment of the People's Liberation Army occupied the Beiqiao area, which was the county rule of Shanghai, and a battalion of the 922nd Regiment of the 308th Division of the Kuomintang 123rd Army was annihilated. On their way north, the Kuomintang troops blew up the no. 8 and 9 bridges of the Humin Highway and the bell tower and water tower of the Puci Sanatorium.
That night, the People's Liberation Army sent a battalion into the town of Zhaoqiao and slept on the streets. The next afternoon, on the playground of the Zhongqiao Central Primary School, the People's Liberation Army garrison organized a military-civilian meeting to announce the "liberation" of the region.
As early as mid-April, according to the decision of the superiors, cadres from the south of the Binbei region of Shandong formed the Shanghai County Committee of the Communist Party of China in Pingchao Town, a northern suburb of Nantong County, northern Jiangsu Province, with 6 members. After heading south to Matsue, the membership increased to 8. The county party committee formulated the "Preliminary Opinions on Taking Over the Work of Shanghai County", which made specific plans for the county party committee to lead the people of the whole county to accept the Kuomintang Shanghai County power after the liberation of Shanghai County, eliminate the reactionary armed forces, establish a new revolutionary order, maintain the original production level of society, and support the front. By December, there were 37 cadres in the county party committee system, and 73% of the cadres from the old Liberated Areas.
On May 18, the 1st Battalion of the 178th Regiment (almost all the cadres above the company level were Shanghainese disciples) led the advance to Xinzhuang. The battalion commander, Qu Jun, who was 25 years old at the time, commanded more than 700 officers and men with a full set of American weapons and equipment, and was about to attack, when the division suddenly had another task, asking him to hand over the combat task to the 2nd Battalion. The deputy battalion commander of the 2nd Battalion, Ni Yu (a native of Nanhui County), rushed to command, and when he was lying on the grave to observe the enemy's situation, he was unfortunately shot cold. Qu Jun heard the news and immediately rushed to the rescue, but Ni Yu was sacrificed.
On the morning of May 19, the Shanghai County CPC Committee officially stationed itself in the county government building next to the Humin Highway, with a secretary's office, an organization department, and a propaganda department, and the chief Ji Xian was appointed as the secretary of the county party committee. Later, urban working committees, cadre training courses and other working bodies were established. From 1909 to 2001, The Master Jixian (1909-2001), formerly known as Lord Jingcheng and Main Jixian, was a native of Zhongjialing Village, Shilianzi Town, Junan County, Shandong Province, who joined the Communist Party of China in March 1932 and successively served as deputy director of the political department of the Binbei Branch from June 1947 to April 1949, chief of the education section of the Binbei Special Bureau, county magistrate of Jiaohe County, and political instructor of the fourth squadron of the Binbei Southbound Cadre Brigade.
Located in the north bridge of the former site of the Shanghai County People's Government
On the same day, the Shanghai County People's Government was proclaimed in Beiqiao Town, and the Southern Jiangsu Administrative Office appointed Liu Yue (Jiangsu Guanyunren) as the county chief, with a secretariat, a production and construction section, a civil affairs section, an industry and commerce section, an education section, a financial review section, a judicial section, a public security bureau, a tax bureau, a grain bureau, and an office of the People's Bank of China. Set up offices in townships.
On May 27, the entire Shanghai area was liberated. At the end of May, the Beiqiao Revolutionary Martyrs Cemetery was inaugurated in Hengjing Port East, where 119 martyrs who died in the battle to liberate Shanghai were solemnly buried.
At the beginning of June, Shanghai County set up a bandit suppression committee to carry out the struggle against bandits and special forces, focusing on cracking down on bandit agents in the Tangwan and Maqiao areas and on both sides of the Huangpu River.
In July, Shi Jizhong (1917-1991, a native of Yushan, Jiangxi, who joined the revolution in 1939) was ordered to take over as the county magistrate of Shanghai County. Shi Jizhong later said in his memoirs: At that time, "the people's hearts were uncertain, the social order was not good, the Kuomintang agents were still destroying, there were bandits on the Huangpu River and in some places, the production was not normal, the poor and lower-middle peasants did not even have wheat seeds when they planted in autumn, the raw materials and funds of the Wujing Chemical Factory and the Zhuanqiao Textile Factory were already in short supply, and the workers were in danger of losing their jobs." What was presented to the people of Shanghai County at that time was a dilapidated and difficult situation. "While doing a good job in taking over the work, the Shanghai County CPC Committee and the Shanghai County People's Government have suppressed bandits, straightened out social order, carried out production and disaster relief, stabilized the market, and worked hard to restore the local economy.
While the people's power is being perfected, extraordinarily serious natural disasters are coming. On July 24, a 12-magnitude typhoon, torrential rain and exceptionally large tides hit Both Shanghai County and Songjiang County, and the embankments of the adjacent Song section and the Zhagang section of the Huangpu River suddenly collapsed, and the flood was devastated, a large number of houses collapsed, hundreds of thousands of farmlands were flooded overnight, and the affected areas were in danger. The people's power at all levels, which had just been established, was caught off guard and urgently called on the people to fight floods and provide disaster relief, but the organization was weak for a while.
On July 26, the flood waters gradually receded. The local peasants suffered heavy losses, hunger and cold, and relief must be organized immediately. The people's power urgently established a production and disaster relief committee, and later established a winter clothes solicitation committee to mobilize all sectors of society to participate in the disaster relief action and provide relief to the disaster-stricken peasants.
On August 5, the county government collected summer grain for the first time. At that time, Zhu Yongxiang of Xiangyang Village, Zhongqiao, listened to the mobilization speech of The Governor of Shi Jizhong on the expropriation of autumn grain at a mass meeting in Renshoutang, and later wrote that "it was a day when there were small showers of rain, and the People's Liberation Army was wearing straw shoes, and some were barefoot." I squeezed in through the cracks and stood against the wall when I couldn't find a seat. The assembly began, and a soldier stood on a bench at the gate and introduced himself first. I couldn't help but be surprised that this flat-headed citizen looked like the new county magistrate Shi Jizhong. As soon as he opened his mouth, he was graceful and gushing, and there was no sound in the field. He said that in the early liberation period, Baidu still needs to go through a difficult stage, do not believe rumors, who is good and who is bad, the people just need to see more, listen more, think more, they will understand in their hearts. The kind words of The Governor of Shi County are heart-warming and eye-catching. ”
The people's government won the trust of the people, and by the 28th, the county had exceeded the task of collecting summer grain.
On the afternoon of October 1, more than 5,000 people from all walks of life in Shanghai County held a celebration of the founding of the People's Republic of China on the playground of the east head of the county government.
From October 9th to 12th, the first people's congress of all walks of life in Shanghai County was held in Minhang Town, with 123 delegates attending. Elected the Standing Committee of the People's Congress of all walks of life, with 11 members. Resolutions were made to support rent reduction, levy public grain, set up a research association for the development of industry and commerce, eliminate banditry, and implement various policies of the people's government.
In November, the Baojia system was completely abolished, and Shanghai County was divided into 5 districts of Minhang, Zhuanqiao, Maqiao, Sanlin and Chenhang, with 3 towns and 36 townships under it, and each district and township (town) established a people's government. Mobilize and help the masses to produce and help themselves, overcome the living difficulties caused by the serious spring famine, and further calm the people's hearts.
In July 1950, the pilot land reform was carried out in Beiqiao Township, which was fully launched in October and completed in February of the following year, and the rural areas were divided into class components such as hired peasants, poor peasants, lower middle peasants, upper middle peasants (rich peasants) and landlords, and land ownership was redistributed and the "Land Certificate" was issued uniformly.
In December, Shanghai County set up a Committee to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea, and outstanding young people enthusiastically joined the army and donated money and materials from all walks of life. By 1953, 2,232 people in the county had joined the volunteer army and went to Korea to resist the United States and aid Korea.
In March 1951, the county party committee established the People's Armed Forces Department. In September, mass local security organizations were established, mainly including the Public Security Committee (hereinafter referred to as the "Public Security Committee"), the joint defense team and the village protection team.
In November 1951, Liu Dongming (a native of Laiyang, Shandong) took over as the county magistrate of Shanghai County.
From 1954 to 1960, it was the seat of the Shanghai County People's Government and the Shanghai County People's Committee
In April 1954, the Shanghai County People's Government moved to Minhang Town.
Author: Zhang Naiqing
Editor: Yiying Yao