Sun Phoenix Clan
The Mountain of Tendai, the land of Fuso.
The Five Emperors Phoenix, Shao Hao worship the Sun.
The light of creation, the beauty of ancient times.
Enlighten the world, and practice the virtues of the world.
The vicissitudes of the sea and the mulberry fields, the blink of an eye for a thousand years.
Now it is reincarnated again, and the phoenix dances for nine days.
In the east of Lunan, on the shores of the sea, Rizhao is a mysterious and magical place. She is said to be magical, because according to the historical records of Rizhao, this place has had no snowstorms in winter and no strong typhoons in summer since ancient times, which is a blessed land in China. Say she is mysterious because there are too many ancient historical and cultural mysteries that have not been uncovered. Take the naming of "Rizhao", the name of Rizhao began in the second year of the Song Dynasty (1087 AD), and the Song Dynasty set up the town of Rizhao, which began to have the name of "Rizhao". According to the records of Zhang Xingjian of the Jin Dynasty, the name of Rizhao was taken from the Tiantai Mountain. Tiantai Mountain has the inscription cloud of the gongzhang on the river: "The cloud comes out of the sky and the natural strange stone is nothing, and there is a scenic platform behind the front desk of the Rizhao Platform", and the name of "Rizhao" is covered from this, which is called "sunrise on the sea, the dawn shines first" The place is also. The "Chronicle of Rizhao County" also contains: "The first light of the sunrise is first illuminated." Since then, the name "Rizhao" has continued to this day.
The author believes that the name "Rizhao" is not only because "the first (dawn) light shines first" so simple. Why did the Song Dynasty vigorously restore the Shaohao Tomb of Qufu around 1087 AD? Why did the Song people only give the name of "Rizhao" to the area of Rizhao within the scope of China? The cultural connotation of this needs to be explored, and the cultural story behind this is worth investigating. All of this must start from the culture of the Song Dynasty. For the culture of the Song Dynasty, mr. Chen Yinke, a master of traditional Chinese studies, commented: "The culture of the Chinese nation has evolved over thousands of years, and it was created in the world of Zhao and Song. ”
Zhao Kuangyin was founded in 960 with the name Song. By the second year of the Song Dynasty (1087 AD), the Song Dynasty had been established for 127 years. We know that From the beginning of the founding of the People's Republic of China, Zhao Kuangyin "suppressed martial arts and revered literature" and attached great importance to culture. After more than a hundred years of development in the Song Dynasty, by the time of the naming of the place names in Rizhao, the culture and economy of the Song Dynasty at this time had reached their peak, and it was the peak period of ancient Chinese culture. Famous historical figures such as Wang Anshi, Sima Guang, Ouyang Xiu, Su Shi, and Zhang Zeduan, author of the Qingming Shanghe Map, all lived during this period. The Jin army invaded the south in 1125 AD, the Northern Song Dynasty fell in 1127, and the Southern Song Dynasty was established. The analysis learned that 38 years before the fall of the Northern Song Dynasty, the Song Dynasty government named Rizhao, which fully shows that the Song people discovered that the Rizhao area contains a deep historical connotation of sun culture, they should know that Rizhao Tiantai Mountain is the sacred mountain where ancient Chinese ancestors sacrificed the sun god, and know the relationship between Shaohao and Rizhao sun culture. This is an important reason why the Song people repaired the Qufu Shaohao Mausoleum and named It in Rizhao. That is to say, the "Rizhao" place name is the product of the peak period of ancient culture, no matter from the time of birth of the name and the meaning of the name itself, the word "Rizhao" carries the extremely strong energy and information of the ancients. Rizhao will surely be an important source of positive energy transmission in China.
The original meaning of the word "rizhao" should be "the sun god shines" on the earth, and the ancients believed that this was the closest place to the sun. The Rizhao area is the source of China's solar culture, and Rizhao Tiantai Mountain is the exclusive sacred place where the ancient ancestors sacrificed the sun god. Rizhao is a "city of the sun", which is a place to enhance the yang qi and spread the culture of sun love and kindness to the Chinese people. Judging from the relationship between the five elements of yang and yin, yin qi is strong, and yang qi will be weak. And when the yang is strong, the yin will be weak. Worship the sun and destroy evil. Advocating light and driving away darkness. Advocating yang qi produces righteous qi. This law of yin and yang changes, as early as around the Longshan cultural period, the ancestors of Dongyi Huaxia have long been applied. This is also the deep reason why the Dongyi Sun Feng people worship the sun culture.
The most representative sun cultural site in Rizhao is undoubtedly the sun culture site of Tiantai Mountain.
Rizhao Tiantai Mountain is located in Rizhao City, Shandong Province, Donggang District, Taoluo Town, Xiayuanyi Village, not far southwest, the highest point of 258 meters above sea level, is composed of five connected U-shaped mountains, they are from northwest to southeast of Pingding Mountain, Ji Yao Yao Mountain, Shi Basin Mountain, CaiShan and Tiantai Mountain, these five peaks are collectively known as Tiantai Mountain, in ancient times also known as Feng bird mountain or Fuso Mountain. Tiantai Mountain is the most sacred Sun God Mountain in the hearts of the Sun Feng people, and in ancient times it was more important than Mount Tai.
The latitude of Rizhao Tiantai Mountain is around 35 degrees north latitude, and the Shaohao Tomb in Qufu, Shandong, is also located around 35 north latitude. The forty-seventh generation descendant of Shao Hao, Confucius, his burial place, Kong Lin, is also about 35 degrees north latitude with Shao Hao's Mausoleum, only a few kilometers away, And Kong Lin's position is slightly behind, and a little later is to reflect the ancient ethical and orderly social and moral order. In the far west, the Mausoleum of the Yellow Emperor in Shaanxi, which is more than a thousand kilometers away from Rizhao, is also located around 35 degrees north latitude, and the Yellow Emperor is Shao Hao's father. Their mausoleums (forests) are all at the same latitude, which cannot be said to be just a coincidence or accident, but an inevitability, which is most likely the deliberate work of the Shaohao tribe. It also shows that the Dongyi ancestors have been proficient in the study and application of astronomical geography and five elements of yin and yang feng shui. It also shows the importance of Tiantai Mountain to the Shaohao tribe and its important position in the hearts of the ancestors of Dongyi Huaxia.
Feng Shui customs of the ancient emperor's tomb
According to the funeral customs of the emperors and nobles of the ancient Shaohao tribe, it is inferred that the Yellow Emperor's Mausoleum, the Shaohao Mausoleum, and the Qin Shi Huang Mausoleum. The heads of the emperors in these tombs are all facing east, and the head of Confucius in Kong Lin should also face the east. This is the inheritance of ancient culture and moral customs, and it is also a memorial to the ancestral source of Tiantai Mountain. Both Qin Shi Huang and Confucius were descendants of Emperor Shaohao.
The name Tiantai Mountain first appeared in the book "Classic of Mountains and Seas". The Classic of Mountains and Seas. The Great Wilderness South Classic: "In the great wilderness, there is a mountain called Tiantai Mountain, and the sea water enters the fire. Beyond the southeast sea, between the ganshui, there is the country of Xihe, there is a woman named Xihe, and Fang Ri bathes in Ganyuan. Xi He, the wife of Emperor Jun, was born for ten days. Ge Hong of the Eastern Jin Dynasty said in "Ji Zhong San Lonely House Meets God": "The Chronicle: There are mountains and rooftops outside the East, there are ladders to the heavens, there are platforms for ascending immortals, and there are people living in Yuren. ”
At present, there are many places in the country called "Tiantai Mountain". Among them, Tiantai Mountain in Taizhou City, Zhejiang Province, is closely related to Rizhao Tiantai Mountain, and according to relevant information, the name of Tiantai Mountain in Taizhou, Zhejiang Province, was brought by the Fengfeng clan of the Dongyi Sun Feng people who married south. The area of Tiantai Mountain in Zhejiang was the sphere of influence of the Fengfeng clan (豨伟氏) clan more than 4,000 years ago, and later Dayu killed the Fengfeng clan, and its area was controlled by the descendants of the Dayu tribe.
The "History of the Chu Shijia" says that the ancestors of Chu were from Gaoyang, and the Yue Shijia said that the Yue king gougeted the Miao descendants of his ancestors. "Xunzi Confucian Effect": "Ju Chu and Chu, Ju Yue and Yue, Ju Xia and Xia"; the same book "Honor and Disgrace": "Yue Ren An Yue, Chu Ren An Chu, Gentleman Anya." Xun Zi may be quoting here a saying passed down from ancient times, which indicates that the ancestors of the Yue, Chu, and Xia people, Dayu, are actually branches of the same tribe at different times, and they are all descendants of the Changyi and Huan families.
This custom of bringing ancestral place names to different places was very common in ancient times. For example, in the current "Dongguan" of Guangdong Province, Professor Qian Wenzhong introduced in a program on Anhui Satellite TV, "The earliest Dongguan refers to the Yishui area of Shandong, named Dongguan County. Later, with the ancients, they moved south to Dongguan, Guangdong, and now there is no Dongguan in Yishui, and There is Dongguan in Guangdong. In fact, what Mr. Qian did not know was that there was now a dongguan town in Juxian County, Shandong, and the Dongguan Town in Juxian County now belongs to Juxian County, Rizhao City, Shandong Province, located in the northernmost part of Juxian County, adjacent to Yangzhuang Town in Yishui County, Shandong, and the Dongguan Town station is about ten kilometers away from the Qi Great Wall in the northwest direction. According to the analysis, this should be the earliest Dongguan mentioned by Mr. Qian Wenzhong, and this place should belong to the sphere of influence of Judi at a certain time in history.
For example, the "Luo" of Taoluo Town, where Tiantai Mountain is located, this word is a bird and a yang in ancient times, very noble, the ancients named the city where they lived as Luocheng, and the "Sayings" explained it as "bird name". The site of the Sanxingdui ruins in the ancient Shu kingdom of Sichuan was originally named "Luocheng", and the owner of the Sanxingdui ruins was a descendant of the Dongyi Sun Feng clan (Changyi) and a female marriage of the Shushan clan. Later, the descendants of the ancient Shu state Changyi also brought the name of "Luocheng" to Vietnam, and cultural relics such as Yuya Gui (Zhang) excavated in Vietnam and historical materials of place names also proved this inference. One of the descendants of the Shu kings of Sichuan once went south to Jiaotong (present-day northern Vietnam), and volume 37 of the Notes on the Water Classics quotes the Jiaozhou Outer Territory Record: "When jiaotong did not have a county in the past, the land had luotian. Its fields rise and fall from the tide, and the people reclaim their fields, because they are called Luo Min. Shi Luo Wang, Luo Hou, the main county". In January 1984, a batch of Han bricks was found outside the south gate of Guanghan County, and inscriptions such as "Luocheng" and "Luoguancheng" were also cast on the bricks.
It can be seen from this that the name of Tiantai Mountain, the name of Dongguan, and the name of Luocheng are all caused by the customs and habits of the ancient ancestors to bring the ancestral place names to different places in order to retain the thoughts and memories of the roots of their hometown. "Tao Luo" was renamed "Tao Luo" in a period before the Qing Dynasty, and later the late Qing Dynasty scientist Ding Shoucun changed back to its original name - Tao Luo. "Luo" and "Luo" are tong pseudonyms, such as "Luoyang" in Henan today, and "Luoyang" in ancient times.
Tiantai Mountain Old Mother Stone - Old Mother Stone Ruins
Tiantai Mountain has a Dongyi Huaxia Old Mother Stone Site, which is an important site of the ancient matriarchal clan society period. On the circular altar of the site, there are three carved stone statues, divided into the head, waist, and lower body. The total length of the three segments of the whole body is about 239 cm, the width is about 89 cm, and it is about 50 cm above the ground. In particular, the lower body area, which has a distinct female genital feature, indicates that there was a phenomenon of ancestral worship of female reproduction during the matriarchal clan social period.
Some scholars have examined this site as a Nuwa stone site, believing that the stone carved deity inside is Nuwa. If the statue was carved in honor of Nuwa, the site is about 7,500 years old. Fuxi and Nüwa are husband and wife, and although Fuxi advocates the marriage of men and women, this is only the transitional stage from the matrilineal clan society to the early stage of the patrilineal clan society. Judging from the existence of female fertility worship, the ancestors still had a complex of matriarchal worship at this time. From the marriage of men and women to the basic entry into patriarchal clan society (about 6,000 years ago), it has experienced a transition period of about 1,000 years.
Old Mother Stone Ruins Guard Stone Pig (Teenager is a descendant of the Sun Phoenix Clan)
About five meters in front of the old mother stone, there are two sacred beast-like rocks, one on the left and one on the right side in the form of a guard. Based on relevant historical documents and related cultural relics, the author speculates that these two sacred beast-like rocks should be stone carved pigs, which are family gods with the function of increasing wealth. The stone pig on the left is about 160 cm long, 65 cm wide and 70 cm high, and the right side of the pig's face is mutilated. The stone pig on the right side is about 130 cm long, and the pig's head is seriously damaged. The two stone pigs are about 139 cm apart. This is the largest pig stone carving found in the early days of the Dongyi ancestors, which should be the early pig worship of Dongyi, and the pig is a symbol of home and wealth in ancient times.
Judging by the female worship and pig worship at the site of the old mother stone, this is the original worship object of the Ancestors of Dongyi Huaxia and has a very long history. It is preliminarily speculated that the site is at least 7500 to 10,000 years old, which also fully shows that the pig worship of the ancestors of Dongyi also has a history of nearly 10,000 years. As for whether the old mother stone is a memorial to Nuwa or Xihe, this matter is debatable. Needless to say, it must be a memorial to one or both of them. In other words, it is to commemorate the old grandmother of our Chinese nation, because she is the origin and root of the entire nation.
Stone pig on the right side of the tiantai mountain old mother stone site - a pottery pig excavated from the hemudu site in Zhejiang
Pigs are one of the earliest animals domesticated by the ancestors, and the chinese ancestors have a history of about 10,000 years. Animal archaeologist Mr. Yuan Jing told us in the article "Walking with pigs - The Year of the Pig to say that domestic pigs all over the world are domesticated by wild boars. According to the research of foreign zooarchaeologists, the domestic pig found in the world is currently found in the Kayonu site in southeastern Anatolia, Turkey, which is about 9,000 years old. Fossils of wild boars have been found in several sites of the Late Pleistocene in China, and some of their descendants may have been domesticated by the ancients. The remains of domestic pigs excavated from the Site of Jia Lake in Wuyang, Henan Province, date back about 9,000 years. [1]
During the Dawenkou and Longshan cultural periods, there was a burial custom of burying a pig's head or pig mandible, and there were also burials with a whole pig or half a pig. In addition to the meaning of owning private property, this kind of burial product also means that after death, people should also enjoy the delicious food they enjoyed before they were alive. Among the 45 tombs of the Dawenkou culture period at the Lingyanghe site in Juxian County, 25 tombs have more than 160 pig mandibles buried with them, with an average of about 7 tombs, of which M17 places as many as 33 pig mandibles. The Houli culture excavated at the Xiaojingshan site in Zhangqiu, Shandong Province, has pottery pigs. Dawenkou culture pig-shaped clay pot excavated in The Xinyi Flower Hall in Jiangsu Province. Pig-shaped pottery excavated from the Sanlihe site in Jiaozhou. [2]
Early pig worship should also have the characteristics of pigs being good at reproduction. In the minds of prehistoric ancestors, pigs are animals with special aesthetic value, it is a symbol of vitality and fertility, in the Hongshan culture and Yangshao culture period, pigs were revered as "family gods" in the matrilineal family. [2]
Pottery pigs have been excavated at the Hemudu site in Zhejiang, and the ancestors of the Hemudu site are a branch of the descendants of the Dongyi Sun Feng clan who went south to marry around 7,000 years ago. At the same time, the Zhao Baogou culture in the northeast was also influenced by the Dongyi culture. From the perspective of cultural attributes and regional relations, the Hongshan culture is a descendant of the Zhao Baogou culture. According to the analysis and speculation of literature and cultural relics, around 6,000 years ago, the descendants of the Dongyi Sun Feng clan and the Hongshan cultural clan were married. Among them, the jade pig dragon is a representative cultural relic of the Hongshan culture, and the shadow of pig and snake worship can be seen from the shape of the jade pig dragon. It can be seen that the image of the dragon in early Huaxia has a certain relationship with the worship of pigs. The ancestors of the Hongshan culture and the ancestors of Dawenkou in Shandong are closely related, and they have been married for generations before and after. Literature records that the Yellow Emperor also received help from the female ray (marmot), a descendant of the Hongshan culture, during the Battle of Zhuolu. The Yellow Emperor was a descendant of the Dawenkou culture.
Through the analysis and deciphering of the "stone pig" guarding the site of the old mother of Rizhao Tiantai Mountain, it is a good proof that the burial custom of the pig buried with Dawenkou comes from the burial custom of Rizhao Tiantai Mountain. It also has an important physical evidence role in studying the interaction between Dongyi culture, Hemudu culture and Hongshan culture. Although this site is very important, it is best to carry out only academic research excavations, but it is not suitable for vigorous promotion as a tourist culture, because Tiantai Mountain is a sacred place mainly based on the worship of sun culture.
The worship of animal totems and the domestication of animals are the products of the survival of the ancestors in nature. The order of time between the ancestors of Dongyi Huaxia in worshipping the sun, birds and phoenixes, pigs, snakes, and dragons was not the same, and the first object of human worship in nature was the sun, followed by birds and phoenixes. The sun and the bird phoenix often merge into one, merging together to form the sun god bird. The worship of the sun god bird by the ancestors of Dongyi has a history of no less than 10,000 years. The pig worship after that is the ancestors' worship of home and wealth, and it also has a history of more than 9,000 years or even about 10,000 years. The ancestors also worshipped snakes earlier, probably later than pig worship, about eight thousand years ago. By the middle of the Xia Dynasty, the concept of dragon worship was basically formed, and the dragon totem was sublimated with the snake as the main element, on the basis of which the advantages of a variety of beasts were integrated. By the time of the Zhou Dynasty, the worship of dragons and phoenixes had become an iconic totem symbol of Chinese national culture.
Tiantai Mountain Kuixing Pavilion - Boyi Mausoleum
The ruins of Kuixingge are located on the flat ground of a mountain peak on Tiantai Mountain, and on the side of the peak there is an engraved stone script of the three characters of "Kuixingge". Why did the ancients have writing at this moment? It is initially speculated that it should be importantly related to the Bo Yi Mausoleum and astronomy at the half-slope of the quetzalcoatl.
"KuiXing", also known as "KuiXing", refers to the first four stars of the Seven Stars of the Big Dipper in astronomy, namely Tianshu, Tianxuan, Tianji, and Tianquan, and is one of the twenty-eight lodges in ancient Chinese astronomy. In ancient Chinese mythology, Kui Xing is regarded as the god of the rise and fall of the main article, and is often used with Wenqu Xing.
Bo Yi was the last emperor of the late Longshan culture, and was succeeded to the throne by Dayu Chan and served Dayu for three years of filial piety, and a few years later, Boyi was seized and killed by Dayu's son Xia Qi, and it is speculated that Bo Yi should have been less than ten years from accepting the throne to being killed by Xia Qi. Bo Yi was a versatile and very talented wise man, and when Dayu ruled the water, Boyi was Dayu's right-hand man. After that, he edited the first ancient scripture "The Classic of Mountains and Seas", which can be said that Boyi is the originator of the Chinese literati, and kuixing pavilion should be built by the ancients to commemorate Boyi. The ancients believed that after death, people ascended to heaven and became gods and returned to their original star positions, because Bo Yiwen was supergroup and naturally represented the Kui star. This also explains why there is a Kuixing Pavilion in this place.
There is a huge stone under the ruins of Kuixing Pavilion, shaped like a turtle with a high head, and this stone is also engraved with words, named "Monopoly Of the Head". It is understood that the carved stone characters of "monopoly" are made by contemporary people, and their literal meaning and the cultural connotation of Kuixing Pavilion are naturally integrated.
Tiantai Mountain Chongyang Pillar - Changle Shi Zulin
On a slightly higher natural ridge of Tiantai Mountain, there is a Chongyang totem pole made of small mountain stones, standing tall, looking simple and mysterious, which is the Chongyang totem pole of Tiantai Mountain. In fact, the original Chongyang totem pole has collapsed, and now people see that it was restored by posterity on the site. [3] This Chongyang totem pole and the site of the Old Mother Stone form a straight line from north to south. From the perspective of the five elements of yin and yang, the site of the old mother stone is a worship of yin, and the totem pole of this site is a worship of yang, which is the product of male fertility worship and a sign of entering the patriarchal clan society. The Dawenkou culture that entered the patrilineal clan society had male worship, as exemplified by the bone ancestors collected at the Dadunzi site in Pizhou. [4] It should be the intention of the ancients to let the yang qi over the yin qi, which is the understanding and application of the five elements of feng shui by the ancestors of Dongyi.
The Shizu Forest at the top of Chongshan Mountain in Changle Atuo Town, Shandong Province, is a ruins of an altar from the Longshan culture period, and there are nearly 100 large and small stone ancestors on the platform, two or three thousand kilograms in small ones, and 7,000 or 8,000 kilograms in large ones. The stone ancestors are intricately carved and are relics of the male fertility cult of the ancestors of Dongyi. The Longshan cultural period was the peak period of the Chinese Yang cult. The author speculates that the construction of the Stone Ancestral Forest was made by the Fang King or Emperor of the descendants of the Sun Feng Clan to increase the Yang Qi of the Eastern China. In terms of the five elements and four directions, the east is wood, and wood contains fire (yang). In the West, it is gold, and fire is gold (yin). So as to achieve the purpose of yang sheng yin decline. Shi Zulin's role is mainly aimed at countries such as western China (Shaanxi Shiya region) or extraterritorial Egypt. This is the application of the five elements of yin and yang feng shui, which is the embodiment of the ancient witchcraft culture.
Rizhao Tiantai Mountain used to have a male root temple (Shizu Temple), located in the valley in the middle of Tiantai Mountain. The Temple of the Male Root enshrines a large male root. It is said that the diameter takes two people to hug each other, and the length leads from the ground to the upper roof, revealing more than 3 meters above the roof. The cult of male roots is a remnant of the ancient cult of male fertility. Legend has it that in ancient times, when women could not have children, they could get pregnant and give birth as long as they went to the Male Root Temple on Tiantai Mountain to burn incense. Later, the villagers thought that the reputation of this temple was not good, and the male root temple was demolished. [5]
Rooftop Mountain Sun loungers
The sun loungers are made up of several boulders, shaped like a sofa, with a circular sun motif on the back of the sofa. It should be the chair of the ancient tribal leader.
Tiantai Mountain Helios Stone
On top of an exposed sunny rock on Ishibon Mountain, there is a separate stone called the "Sun God Stone". The Helios Stone weighs about 20 tons and has a diameter of about 3 meters. According to legend, the Sun God Stone is a sun that falls on Tiantai Mountain after the sun is launched, which has a divinity and is very spiritual, so it is called the Sun God Stone. During the Cultural Revolution, the Sun God Stone as a typical example of feudal superstition became the object of the Red Guards to break the four old, dozens of people want to push the God Stone down the mountain, in the case of not moving, they use a chisel to chisel off a piece of the God Stone, the current Chisel marks on the God Stone are still there, and the remnants of the slope still exist, witnessing the legendary myth of the Sun God Stone and the Houyi Shooting Sun respectively.
About 4300 years ago, during the reign of Yao, the climate changed greatly, and the natural climate embarked on extreme weather, first the great drought under the world, and the myth of the Houyi Shooting Sun, which is still familiar to this day. Later, it was a great flood in the world, and there was a legend of Dayu zhishui.
Myths and legends, like novels, may not be real history, but they must have some historical basis. The truth of the mythical story of the Great Day of the Shooting Sun is like this. In the early days of Yao's reign, the climate anomaly reached its limit, the sun was scorching, the rivers were dry, the grass and trees were scorched, and the people were not happy, so it caused the victims to flee the famine. Chen Feng, the great witch of the Jiang clan, a descendant of the Yan Emperor, was a woman and ugly, and when she saw this celestial phenomenon, she knew that a devastating disaster was coming. In order to pray for the protection of the ancestral spirit of the sun god, the female ugly went to the East China Sea, in order to relieve the drought, went to the island to pray for rain, and was killed by the Shiri clan of Emperor Jun, Xihe and descendants of the Fusang (Rizhao) region, and the Shiri clan, also known as the "Ten Days Kingdom", aroused the indignation of the Jiang clan of the descendants of the Yan Emperor. According to the "Classic of Mountains and Seas", "Yao shi ten days come out at the same time, and Yao makes yi shoot for ten days." In this context, Yao ordered the penal officer Yi to kill the Ten Days Clan and finally actually shoot nine clans. The literature records this: "There are two people in the sea, and their names are ugly women. Female ugliness has a big crab"; "There are people dressed in green clothes, cover their faces with a song, and they are called the corpses of female uglinesses"; "The corpses of female uglinesses, born and killed for ten days, in the north of their husbands, with stone hands to block their faces." Ten days on top, the female ugliness dwells on the mountain"; "Ten days come out at the same time, burning the female ugly, so Yao Nai ordered Yi to shoot nine days also". (Qing scholar Hao Yixing's commentary on the Classic of Mountains and Seas. The Great Wilderness East Classic, the Classic of Mountains and Seas. The Great Wilderness Of the West Classic, the Classic of Mountains and Seas. Overseas Western Classics"). From this story, it also shows that around 4300 years ago, the Tiantai Mountain in ancient Rizhao was still an island in the water.
Other literature accounts of the day of the eclipse:
Huainanzi. This sutra says: "When yao is caught, the ten days come out together, scorching the crops, killing the grass and trees, and the people have nothing to eat." Hedgehogs, chiseled teeth, nine babies, gales, sealed pigs, and snakes are all harmful to the people. Yao Nai made Yi Jie chisel his teeth in the wilderness of Yuhua, killed nine babies on the fierce water, paid the wind to Qingqiu Zhize, shot up for ten days, and killed the hedgehog down, cut off the snake in the cave court, and captured the pig in the mulberry forest. ”
The Classic of Mountains and Seas. Overseas South Classic: "Yi and Chisels fight in the field of Shouhua, and Yi shoots and kills." In Kunlun Void East. Yi holds a bow and arrow, and chiseled teeth hold a shield. ”
The story of "Post-Ebony Shooting Day" should be "Great Ephemeral Day" or "Nine Days of Ephemera". The "Yi" of shooting sun recorded in the "Classic of Mountains and Seas" lived in the era of Emperor Yao, was good at shooting, and his identity was a military general. "Yi" was an official title in the Yao era, the main punishment. Later, Yi became a clan name. The Dayi of the Yao period and the Houyi of the Xia Taikang period are two people of different eras. During the Xia Dynasty, HouYi was the leader of the Eastern Yi Youqiang clan. This history is called "Taikang Lost State" in the Bamboo Book.
At the top of the main peak of Tiantai Mountain is an important sun god sacrifice site, which has two altars. A slightly higher altar faces the sea, where the ceremony is held to greet the rising sun in the morning. On the outside of the altar facing the sea, a natural rock was found with inscriptions called the "Mysterious Heavenly Book". It was deciphered by the author as "Ritual Sacrifice Text".
"Ritual Sacrifice Text": We are the Sun Phoenix Clan (Chongri Hunter Clan) people. The late chieftains, they are very magical. Fuxi and Nüwa hold rules in their hands, can make utensils, can measure, can predict people's happy events and cries (good things and bad things), and can talk to the gods and men in heaven. To climb the mountain with the gods' gui and utensils, many of us. Cross the jungle to pay homage to the sun god. Before dawn, ascend the mountain, adults and children. The hunters of Chongri came to the sacred mountain of the sun god bird to worship the sun. The hunters of Chongri bowed down to their ancestors under Fusang with devotion. Offer fresh fruit and hold up the gui in your hands and pray. Hunters and wizards are theosophical, praying for a good harvest of food and a good life. Under the leadership of the king, adults and children made offerings to the heavens. The tribesmen of Chongri burn firewood and cheer at the top of the mountain to welcome the sun god and bring good luck and good luck.
(The above is the author's interpretation of the full text of the rizhao Tiantai Mountain carved stone "Ancestral Day Sacrifice Text", for a detailed interpretation of a single word, please refer to the book "Shaohao Sun Phoenix Era", "Re-exploring the Origin of Writing" article)
There is no final conclusion as to when the "Ritual Sacrifice Text" was written. In the article "Re-exploring the Origin of Writing", the author discussed the carved stone script, and explored and analyzed the age of the carved stone script on Tiantai Mountain, and preliminarily deduced that there are three possibilities: First, the carved stone script was committed by the Shaohao Sun Feng people 4,000 years ago. Second, this script was carved 4,000 years ago, and by the Spring and Autumn Period, the carved stone script was corroded and shallow by nature, and the King of Juguo ploughed deeper than the Gong. Third, the deepening of the carved stone is the work of the Qin people of the original mountain of Tiantai Mountain, and it has been corroded by nature for thousands of years, and the handwriting has become shallow. The Qin people deepened and repaired the carved stone script around the Qing Dynasty.
In addition to the above three reasons to deepen the text repair, there are two possibilities, one is that when the Northern Song Dynasty named Rizhao, it was found that the handwriting of the "Ritual Day Sacrifice Text" became shallow, and then the carved stone script of Tiantai Mountain was deepened and repaired, and later the Qufu Shaohao Tomb was repaired. The second is that the ancient Taoist monks deepened and repaired the carved stone script. In history, it is possible to deepen the repair of the carved stone script on Tiantai Mountain, such as An Qisheng, Wang Songnian and Kou Qianzhi. Especially the Daoist of Kou Qian, he is the most likely. Kou Qianzhi was from a large family, his father Kou Xiuzhi was the Former Qin Eastern Lai (present-day Laizhou, Shandong) Taishou, and his brother Kou Zan was the Assassin of Northern Wei Southern YongZhou. Kou Qianzhi (365 AD – 448 AD, Zi Fu Zhen), a Daoist priest during the Southern and Northern Dynasties, carried out major reforms on Tianshi Dao and had a profound influence on Taoist history, and was a representative figure of The Northern Tianshi Dao. He is an important figure in the history of the development of Taoism in China, and the founder of the New Heavenly Master Dao. In his early years, he liked the Immortal Dao and had a worldly heart, and when he was young, he believed in the Heavenly Master Dao, and later cultivated from Chenggongxing to Song Mountain, claiming to be the title of "Heavenly Master" by taishang Laojun. In the first year of Shiguang (424 AD), Kou Qianzhi offered the Dao Fa to Emperor Taiwu of Northern Wei, advocating Taoist reform, formulating music, and reciting new laws, and with the strong support of Emperor Taiwu and Zaichen Cui Haoding, he personally went to the dojo to receive the ordination, and from then on, the Heavenly Master Dao became popular in Northern Wei. Kou Qianzhi made Taoism the state religion from Emperor Taiwu of Northern Wei.
Kou Qianzhi should be very familiar with the relationship between the sun culture and Taoism in Rizhao Tiantai Mountain. The highest realm pursued by the ancient Taoist ideology and concept, doing things without leaving a trace, indifferent to fame and fortune, and retiring from fame and success. Therefore, even if the Taoist monks deepened and repaired the carved stone writing, they would not find a record in the literature.
Tiantai Mountain Ritual Text —— Tiantai Mountain Ritual Sun Rock Painting
In addition to the above five possibilities, the time of the engraving of the "Ritual Sacrifice Text" and the deepening of the handwriting can also be corroborated by other aspects of information.
1. The full text of the "Ritual Sacrifice Text" consists of 46 characters, one of which is completely damaged and unrecognizable. The script, which has both pictorial and hieroglyphic scripts, is a script that dates from the late Dawenkou culture to the period before the oracle bone. This feature of the text is very important and requires sufficient attention.
Second, after deciphering and interpreting the text, the author found that the carved stone text has a single text, a combined text, and a text that explains a thing or an expression of a meaning.
Above is the carved stone text of Tiantai Mountain, please enter the seat according to the number.
For example: the word "1", interpreted as "gui", is a single text. This word is interpreted as "earth" in oracle bones, and the oracle bone should misinterpret this word. During the Yongsan culture, Gui was the highest level ceremonial vessel.
For example: the word "2" is interpreted as "rule". The word "3" is interpreted as "moment". Both words are monogrammatical. The text is not seen in the oracle bone, and preliminary research suggests that this is the earliest source of the word "rules".
For example: "4", interpreted as "Fuxi". "5", interpreted as "Nuwa". Both words are conjunctive. Each word is pronounced in two tones, and each word represents a person's name.
For example: "6", interpreted as "Sun Phoenix people or Chongri hunting people". This word represents a sentence, a thing that explains. Among the more than forty carved stone characters in the "Ritual Day Ritual Text", there are two very special characters, which are "oblique characters". These two words are, "7" is interpreted as a supernatural power, and "8" is interpreted as a wizard. The word shaman is interpreted as "Shen" in oracle bones. The word "miraculous" is not found in the oracle bone.
There is also a word in the carved stone "Ritual Sacrifice Text" that is also particularly important, which is the word "9", which is interpreted as "Sang" in the oracle bone, and this word is a combination text, which should be interpreted as "Fusang", which here refers to the meaning of "the land of Fuso".
Through the interpretation of the "Fuso" carved stone text and the mutual confirmation of documents and sun culture cultural relics, Tiantai Mountain is the ancient Fuso land mentioned in the literature, and the Rizhao area is the earliest source of the myths and legends of the Fuso tree. The sun, the phoenix, and the fuso tree, all three of which appear as one at the same time in many cases, so the fuso tree is synonymous with the worship of sun culture.
At the end of the Goryeo Dynasty, the famous politician and literary scholar Mr. Jeong Mengli Zhou sent an envoy to Nanjing during the ming hongwu period, passing through the poem "Rizhao County" made by Rizhao, the poem is: The lonely city on the sea is barren of grass and trees, and the first to meet the sun on Fuso. I came to the east to look still scratching my head, and the waves were far away from my hometown. Under the embarrassment of many Chinese literati not recognizing the true face of "Fusang", a Korean literati actually understood that rizhao County, where he came, was a place that "first greeted the sun on Fusang", which not only made us respect this "Korean Confucian" who was well versed in Chinese history and culture, but also made us who are still entangled in this seven hundred years have the feeling of "why can we be embarrassed"! [3]
The literature on Fuso:
The Classic of Mountains and Seas. The Great Desolation of the Eastern Classics says: "There are fumu on the Tang Valley, one day to the end, one day to the other, all carried in the birds."
The Classic of Mountains and Seas. Overseas East Classic: "There is Yutani under it." There is Fuso on Yutani, bathed in ten days, in the north of Black Tooth. In the water, there are large trees, nine days to live in the lower branch, one day to live in the upper branch. ”
Huainanzi. "Fumu is in Yangzhou, where the sun is." High temptation: Fu mu, Fu Sang also.
The Classic of Mountains and Seas. Hai Nei Nan Jing: "There is wood, its shape is like an ox, it has skin, and it is like a yellow snake." Its leaves are like Luo, in fact, like Luan, and its wood is like a lotus, and its name is Jianmu. ”
The "Record of the Ten Continents in the Sea" says: "Fusang, on the east coast of the East Sea, landed ten thousand miles, and in the east there was a blue sea, a vast and vast sea, and the East Sea. Fusang is in the middle of the blue sea, the land is full of trees, the leaves are like mulberry, the elders are thousands of feet, and the large is more than 2,000. The trees are born in pairs with the same root, and they are more dependent on each other, and they are called Fuso. ”
In particular, it should be noted that in the literature, "the trees are born in two and two with the same root, and they are more dependent on each other, which is called Fuso." What is expressed here is the commemoration and deification of the two brothers Shao Hao and Changyi by posterity. Fuso became the embodiment of the ancestors of Shaohao and Changyi. The Fuso tree also evolved into the Sun God Tree, the Heavenly God Tree, and the Tree of Life.
Fuso has different names in different directions, called "Fuso" in the east of China, "Ruomu" in the west of China, and "Jianmu" in the center of China. Fuso, Kengi, and Wakaki are also other names for the Solar Shadow Observatory in astronomy. Huainanzi. Topographical Training: "Jianmu is in Duguang, the emperors are from top to bottom, there is no scenery in the middle of the day, there is no sound in the breath, and there is no sound in the cover of heaven and earth." "Huainanzi. It is recorded in the Topographical Training: "If the wood is in the west of Jianmu, there will be ten days at the end, and its glory will fall to the ground." The Classic of Mountains and Seas records: "If the wood end has ten days, it is like a lotus. Hua Yu light also, light under it also. ”
One morning in the winter of 2009, when Dr. Ju Zhiguo led the villagers to build a road, he found a large number of pottery pieces on the main peak of Tiantai Mountain (also known as DazhaiShan). After preliminary excavations, the deepest cultural layer of the site can reach 2 meters, and the excavated pottery pieces are dated to the Shang and Zhou Dynasties. Later, after further excavation and research by researcher Su Zhaoqing of Juzhou Museum, it was found that the age of the excavated cultural relics can be traced back to the Longshan cultural period 4500 years ago, through Yueshi, continuing to the Shang and Zhou Dynasties, with a history of more than 3,000 years. A black sacrificial pit that had been burned was found on the site, and it was initially determined that it was the remains of the ancients who piled firewood and lit a fire sacrifice (burning sacrifice). Since the site is located at the top of the mountain, the four seasons are windy, far from the water source, and should not be the place where the ancients lived. Therefore, experts judge that the so-called "Dazhai", that is, the rooftop, is actually the place where the ancients sacrificed the sun god, that is, the ruins of the sun god altar. [3] Taiwanese scholar Xu Jiaming also pointed out that "4500 years ago, Rizhao Tiantai Mountain was the altar of the sun god". [6]
On the other side of the tiantai mountain summit sacrifice site is the sun god sacrifice platform, and there is a petroglyph on the sunrise side of the sacrifice platform, which means that in the early morning, the stars have not yet receded, the moon is still hanging in the sky, the sun has just risen from the sea, and the pious people, led by a king, raise their hands to sacrifice the sun god. To the right of the petroglyph there are four words "King, its burning, ji". It means that a certain king burns firewood on the altar of the sun god on Tiantai Mountain, Daji. [7]
On the right side a few meters below the petroglyph, near the stone ridge in the direction of the east, there is a heavily weathered boulder, which has been preliminarily identified by the author as the Shaohao God Stone. The stone was discovered on the 19th day of the 19th day of the 2017 lunar calendar, the Sun Festival, after the Ceremony of the Day, and was discovered by chance at the top of the mountain. The Shaohao Divine Stone weighs tens of tons, resembling an eagle with wings outstretched, with a bulging mouth and deeply sunken eyes, with traces of artificial chiseling. Not far below the petroglyph, there is a sacrificial stone table, which is almost equal to the distance between the qiri rock painting and the Shaohao sacred stone on the left. Below the stone table, there is a flat land, which according to scholars has found to be made of soil that the ancestors of Dongyi moved from elsewhere many times.
Tiantai Mountain Shaohao Sacred Stone - Dance The Dance of the Sun
We use the existing physical evidence: the ruins of the Sun God Shrine on Tiantai Mountain, the Rock Paintings of the Sun God, the Shaohao Sacred Stone, the Jade Eagle Pattern Gui, the Ritual Sun Sacrifice Text, and other cultural relics to restore the scene of the ancient Shaohao people worshiping the Sun God. A few meters below the rock painting, there is a stone table on the altar, on which are placed precious sacrifices such as yugui, Dongyi wine, Dongyi suncakes, grains, and fresh fruits. Every year on this day of worship, under the leadership of Wang, the Shaohao clan holds this ceremonial instrument that can talk to the sun god, and worships the sun god Shaohao and the ancestors, and the ancestors of Dongyi believe that Shaohao is the embodiment of the sun god. Pray that the sun god will give good luck and good fortune, and make their good wishes such as abundant food and clothing come true. Then, greet the rising sun in the morning at the "Ritual Sun Festival". The ancestors burned firewood and lit a fire at the top of the mountain, raised their hands and cheered and sang and danced to celebrate.
The Shaohao Sacred Stone is a strong evidence that the ancestors worshipped the sun culture, and it is a cultural relic from more than 4,000 years ago. Huaxia has worshipped the sun culture for thousands of years, reaching its peak during the Five Emperors period under the leadership of Shao Hao. Shaohaoshi is the root of China's solar culture in the true sense.
There are many historical and cultural relics of Tiantai Mountain, such as Ji Yao Yao Mountain, Ju Guojun Li BiGong Ancestral Monument, Oriental Sacred Dragon, Measuring Tiantai, CaiShen Temple, Dayi Ridge, Yiren Music and Dance, etc.
Located in the current location of the Temple of Wealth, the mountain was originally a separate hill with a boulder-like rooster at the top of the mountain, facing the East China Sea and making a chirping sound, which is said to be the Mountain of Chicken Yawn. Since the 1870s, when cannons were fired here, the jade chicken at the top of the mountain was blown up in the 1880s, and by 2007, the chicken was blown up by two-thirds of the way to the mountain. At this point, the chicken yawning mountain exists in name only and can only remain in memory. According to the literature "Divine Anomaly. The Eastern Wild Classics say: "There is a jade chicken in Gaifusang Mountain, a golden rooster singing in the jade chicken, a stone chicken singing in the golden rooster, a stone chicken singing in the world, and a tide that should be sung", and the Fuso Mountain refers to this mountain such as the chicken yawning.
In Tiantai Mountain, a monument to the ancestors of the Chu state of Juguo during the Spring and Autumn Period was also found. What surprises us even more is that this ancestral inscription confirms that Fuso, as a place name, is the location of the Yutani of the "Xihe Bathing Day". This ancestral monument also has an important significance, which indirectly proves that the so-called Fuso in Japan, even in Mexico, is a deduction of the Tang Dynasty's "Book of Liang", and the real Fuso in history is in Rizhao. It is deplorable that this precious ancestral monument was plundered by the German invaders who were suppressed by the Provocative suppression after the famous Qing Dynasty "Rizhao Teaching Case" incident. Later, it has been preserved in the hands of a private collector in the United States. [3]
As far back as the late Neolithic period more than 5,000 years ago, the ruins of the sacrificial altar have been excavated in the Hongshan culture, Lingjiatan culture, Liangzhu culture, Qijia culture, etc. In the Shandong Peninsula, prehistoric sacrificial shrines have not yet been excavated. However, from the literature and other sources, it is speculated that similar religious rituals should have also existed. This is arguably the most indigenous and primitive religion in China, the initial stage of the later organization of Taoism, and the tradition of rulers regularly worshipping natural gods, the so-called "suburban worship". [8] The above is a question from Taiwanese historians about the fact that the site of the prehistoric shrine has not yet been found on the Shandong Peninsula. In fact, there are sacrifices on the Shandong Peninsula. This can also be seen in the term "suburban". The suburban shrine is dedicated to the gods of heaven, that is, the god of the sun. Shandong's prehistoric "suburban ancestral" site is in Tiantai Mountain in Rizhao.
The sun god was also known as the "sun god", "god" and "heavenly god", and during the Shang Dynasty, the sun god who worshiped the heavens was called "god" and the king of the earth was called "the lower emperor". By the time of the Zhou Dynasty, the sun god was called "heaven" and the king of the earth was called "son of heaven". In the folk, the sky is also called "God Lord". It is recorded in the Zhou Li Di Guan Drum Man: "Worship the gods with thunder drums and drums, and sacrifice with the spirit drum club." Jia Gongyanshu: "The gods of heaven are called worship, the earth is called sacrifices, and the temples are called enjoyment."
Tiantai Mountain has been a sacred mountain for people to worship the sun culture from ancient times to modern times, especially during the Longshan culture period, and then rose several times around the Shang Dynasty and the Spring and Autumn Juguo Plough Bigong Period. In ancient times, the sacrifice of the sun god was a very important national event. Only emperors or kings are eligible to worship the sun god on Tiantai Mountain, and the "sun god" belongs to the exclusive royal power of the state and is very sacred. According to the "Thirteen Years of Zuo Chuan, Cheng Gong and Cheng Gong": "The great affairs of the country are in the worship and rong". From the ancient customs and culture and relevant documents, it is speculated that the Shaohao Emperor, the Emperor Of Zhao, the Emperor of Emperor Zhao, the King of Yao, and the King of Shun, all five emperors should have sacrificed the sun god on Tiantai Mountain. The reason is as follows: Shao hao's imperial capital is the current YaoWangcheng (Shaohao City) site, which is 3 kilometers away from Tiantai Mountain, Shao Hao is the most important promoter of sun culture worship, under his leadership the worship of sun phoenix bird culture reached its peak. He was Shao Hao's nephew, who studied governing at the age of ten with his uncle Shao Hao, and later inherited Shao Hao's throne, and Was also very familiar with the sun culture of Tiantai Mountain. Emperor Zhao was Shao Hao's grandson, and he inherited the throne. Although the capital of Emperor Huan and Emperor Zhao was not in Shandong, it was not possible to hold an annual sacrifice to the sun god on Tiantai Mountain like Emperor Shaohao, but it could be worshiped once a few years, but it was not excluded that the sacrifice would be made every year without special circumstances. King Yao was the son of Emperor Zhao, and the literature records that he came to Tiantai Mountain to worship the sun god. The "Bamboo Book Chronicle" records Emperor Yao: "In the first year of the first year, the emperor is on the throne, juji." Patrol Langya, ascend to the roof, worship the sun god". King Shun, who had lived in the Dongyi region since childhood, was the son-in-law of King Yao, and after Yao abdicated the throne, he ceded the throne to him, and it was also very likely that King Shun would come to Tiantai Mountain to sacrifice the sun god. According to the "Li Yue Ling": Mu Yan Rong. A Shun. Akatsuki, named Day and. Viola is also known as hibiscus. Hibiscus is a type of Fuso tree, illustrating that King Shun also worships sun culture.
The ancient ancestors, fearful of darkness, sought out a light that would dispel darkness, and the greatest light came from the sun. The sun is the most important element of human survival, which gives rise to the worship of the sun. The ancestors also believed that the sacred bird brought the mysterious life force to the human world and gave birth to their ancestors. They fused the sun with the bird and then worshipped the bird.
The sun is the core object of ancient human religious worship, and people have developed from the initial yearning for warmth, longing for light, and pursuing happiness to the cultural connotation carried by the sun. In a sense, the essence of the core connotation of solar culture is love, and love needs to be transmitted and expressed by doing good deeds, that is, love in a broad sense must be achieved by doing good deeds. Love is equivalent to benevolence, and both benevolence and love have the meaning of growth and hair growth (such as seeds called nuts, walnuts, etc.). Doing good deeds is the embodiment of moral culture. The other name of AiShan is Rende, and the meaning expressed by Aishan is more intuitive, and Rende has more implicit cultural connotations than Aishan. Love is the code to the highest cosmic energy, it can connect the energy of heaven and earth, and connect the highest dimension of time and space.
Sun Festival Ceremony (Celestial Ring 2019.6.19)
The culture of sun worship also represents reverence, gratitude and blessing. The ancestors feared the sun, respected nature, and advocated nature. Grateful for the selfless dedication of the sun, bringing a happy life of abundant food and clothing to the ancestors. Pray that the sun god will protect the chinese land with smooth winds and rains, the people will live and work in peace and contentment, and the future generations will be lucky and auspicious. This is also an important reason why the ancients worshipped the sun culture.
A city must have its own root culture, and the sun culture is the root culture of Rizhao. [9] Among the hundreds of cities in the country, "Rizhao", named after the "City of the Sun", is the only place in The Land of China. Once the mysterious veil of the ruins of Rizhao Tiantai Mountain is unveiled, Tiantai Mountain, a sacred mountain that carries the ancient sun culture, will surely burst out with great light and energy, and give the Chinese nation a spiritual belief in advocating the light of the sun.
Author: Zhao Yuren
Member of the expert group of Dongyi Cultural Forum
Vice President of Rizhao Sun Culture Research Association
bibliography:
[1] Yuan Jing: Chinese Zooarchaeology (Cultural Relics Publishing House).
[2] Linyi Dongyi Culture Museum: "Picture Of Dongyi".
[3] Fan Haijun and Ju Zhiguo: The Source of China's Solar Culture, China Literature and History Publishing House.
[4]] Linyi Dongyi Cultural Museum: "Picture Says Dongyi".
[5] Tiantai Mountain Anthology.
[6] Source: The Source of China's Solar Culture, xu Jiaming, China Literature and History Publishing House.
[7] The Collected Works of Tiantai Mountain.
[8] National Palace Museum, Taiwan, "Respect for Heavenly Objects".
[9] Zhao Jiabing: The Source of China's Solar Culture, China Literature and History Publishing House.
《Rizhao County Chronicle》
The Classic of Mountains and Seas
Bamboo Book Chronicle
"Ji Zhong San Lonely House Meets God"
History of the Chu Family
《Explanation of Words and Words》
Huainanzi. This Sutra
Ten Continents in the Sea
"Huainanzi TopographicAl Training"