Pay attention to each other
Beijing Confucius Temple and Guozijian Museum
Beijing in early winter retains the luxury and harvest joy of the golden autumn, the autumn is high and pleasant, and the warm and melting sun shines on people's bodies very comfortably. There is no sense of emerald green and summer in the south, but the scenery of yellow and brilliant ginkgo biloba leaves mixed with fiery red maple leaves is a different story, and those who enter the imperial city with joy feel that the aura is so large that they add a little awe and joy.
People are refreshed when they are happy, and they dispel the smog and see the sun.
Heaven and man are one and one wish, and there is a good time in the midst of life.
On November 28, 2014, our party set off from Wuhan in the morning to visit Uncle Shiying at "Peking University". As soon as I got off the plane, I was catching up with the rare good weather in Beijing since the beginning of winter. In the clear blue sky, there are a few white clouds floating, the bright sun shines on the earth, the golden and brilliant court looks forward to the green shade, and the breeze gently blows the thin floating clouds. This is the "sky high autumn moon white, rain and sunset red" coincides with the best day of the year (weather). The happy mood dispels the yellow smog mentioned in the media without a trace.
The Forbidden City, which is under the background of the warm sun, and the Jinshui Bridge (1), commonly known as "Liyi Ren Zhixin", the tall red walls and golden glazed tiles are simply high above the golden wall. Teacher Cheng introduced: "There are still some strange buildings outside the second ring road, if you have time, you may wish to go up there to see and receive the pulse and pace of the times..."
Located on Chengxian Street in Beijing's Dongcheng District, the "Confucius Temple and Guozijian Museum" is integrated with the Lama Temple across the street, red walls, golden tiles, tall archways, and gilded blue plaques, and the extraordinarily large aura is awe-inspiring. In addition, the warning monument on the side of the road that reads "civilian officials fall off the car, military attaches get off their horses" is more solemn and solemn. Created by Wu Zetian in the Hall examination of the Luocheng Hall of the Ziwei Palace of the Shendu (so the temple examination began in Tang). The first name of the temple test is Yuanyuan. Since the Yuan Dynasty, the best of the Yang students have conducted the temple examination under the plaque "YaHan Yule" (2), and the scene of the emperor personally presenting the question and the students writing a book seems not too far away. A poem by Tang Xue Cuncheng," "Imperial Title Guozi Prison Gate" vividly depicts its pomp and circumstance:
"Imperial Title Guozi Prison Gate"
Biwa red-walled Yuan Dynasty Hall, royal festival drum bell Khotan.
The saints and neighbors shine together, and the taixue prison gathers all the sages.
Not only the three thousand disciples' courtyard, but also the rafters of the people of the ten thousand worlds.
When will the first teacher look up to The Sun to take a photo, and when will he look at the customs again?
The Confucius Temple covers an area of 22,000 square meters and has three courtyards. The buildings on the central axis are the Ancestral Master Gate, the Dacheng Gate, the Dacheng Hall, and the Chongsheng Ancestral Hall. To the east of the front yard there are monument pavilions, divine kitchens, provincial animal pavilions, and well pavilions; to the west, there are monument pavilions, zhizhai houses, and there are holding respects and communicating with the Guozijian. Towering on the east side of the front yard is a monument pavilion, where there is the group of "Jinshi Inscription Monuments".
Twenty years ago, when he sent his son to study in Japan, when he went to the Japanese Embassy in Beijing for a visa, he took his son to the "museum" and stood in front of the heavy porch of the Confucius Temple, there was an illusion of going back in time for thousands of years, and the temple was overflowing with cultural epics that people admired. That thick and lush cultural heritage makes people feel awe, and they feel that the profound And profound Han culture is deep and thick.
The essence of the Chinese of the "museum" is not only to see with the eyes, but also to feel and understand, those temples, forest of steles, courtyards, Zhumen, ancient trees, moss... Silent words carry the literary style and martial rhyme of thousands of years, and the tranquility of ye luo and the ancient recollection have engraved the pulse of history. I slowly walked through the cloister in the sound of ancient music, slowly walked slowly to see the inscriptions passed, as if from each foundation of the Confucius Temple, I felt a source of sage qi, implying the fusion of emotions and thoughts, and the soft book breath made people powerless to think or admire, only the collision and shock produced at the moment of intersection! The "museum" is the tenacity and righteousness of the Confucian cultural heritage inherited from ancient times, and what visitors can take away is only superficial perception or thought and tranquility that cannot belong to themselves. What people worship is the cultural, ideological, and spiritual inheritance, which can only be mixed in the Hall of Silence and the people who come to worship, and slowly spread and spread in the social exchange...
A total of 198 jinshi stele stored in the "Confucius Temple and Guozijian Inner Museum" are engraved with the names, places of origin and rank of 51,624 jinshi. The Jinshi monument in the "Confucius Temple and guozijian Museum" began in the second year of the Yuan Dynasty (1313) after the opening of the branch to take the shi, and the inscription of the jinshi was engraved on the stele to honor the ancestors. The Ming Dynasty also grinded away the inscription name of the Yuan Dynasty on the stele and engraved the name of the Ming Dynasty Jinshi, so there are only three existing Yuan Dynasty Jinshi steles. That is, 3 pieces in the Yuan Dynasty; a total of 195 pieces in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. It is said that the authorities are preparing to engrave the names and places of origin of the college entrance examination leaders on the stele and store them in the Confucius Temple and the Guozijian Museum.
In order to find the footsteps of the old grandfather - Fan Xuan (3) Ben Shitu, I encourage my son who is about to study abroad to work hard and imitate the sages to move forward to Ben Shitu. According to the clues provided by the mother, it took almost no effort to find the No. 63 (Jinshi) stele engraved in bluestone and the engraved six characters of Fan Shi Hubei Huangpi from top to bottom. This "Jinshi Inscription Monument" (a bluestone stele) stands out from the crowd.
Because the mother of the family originally informed: This is the last piece since the Yuan Dynasty imperial examination set up the "Jinshi Inscription Monument", which is the "Jinshi Monument" carved by the Jinshi people who raised funds from themselves, and it is green and the size is also different; the mother's advance reminder also eliminates the series of doubts that arise after seeing it.
Seeing the engraved name and the four words "Hubei Huangpi" glued underneath, there was an impulse and pride in the blood, and I was even more admired by the spirit of the old grandfather who worked hard to glorify the ancestors and add glory to the hometown, and I was awe-struck by the enterprising spirit of the sages represented by the stone stele, and I was also overwhelmed by the meritorious name achieved by the old grandfather.
To tell the truth, at that time, I did not know much about the history of the Baiquan Sanjia Zhang family, only that the eighth ancestor Yu MuGong (4) and the tenth ancestral painter Gong Ye (5) obtained meritorious names, and the names were engraved on the Jinshi Monument. I don't know the brilliant details created by the ancestors, and I don't know that the Baiquan Sanjia Zhang family was awarded the honorary praise of "Five Township Sages, Eight Provinces Famous Eunuchs". Judging from the current situation of Zhang Fan's two families, all kinds of people are under the quality of reading, and it also confirms Wang Yongbin's "Night Talk of the Hearth": "Poetry and books have been passed down from family to family for a long time, and filial piety has established a foundation." "The Inner and the True;
There are many relatives of the Fan family, the mother of the family, from childhood, full of Fan family stories, what "four milk eggs", "father and son are on the same list", "Huangpi Fan family three masters" (i.e., Fan Xiren, Fan Xishen, Fan Xiji), "the bus book", "Jin Fulang incident", "Tianjin Zhangyuan to welcome Sun Yat-sen" and so on...
This blue jinshi monument, which is almost completely different from the crowd, in addition to the different colors, even the size, height, and pattern on the forehead of the stele are all different. Listening to the lectures of the elderly such as the mother of the family and the records in the historical materials, this stele was erected in the late Qing Dynasty for the last round of examinations for the imperial examination (soon after the scientific examination system was abolished), which was the last "Inscription Monument of Jinshi" erected in the 30th year of Guangxu (1904). At that time, the Qing court was economically strapped, and it was unable to afford the silver two needed to erect the monument, and it was engraved by the jinshi who raised their own funds to buy the monument, so the monument was self-contained, and the size and color were different.
As mentioned above, this bluestone "Jinshi Inscription Monument" numbered 63 (red paint is prominently written on the left side of the stele), in front of the stele, there is a short blue wooden guardrail protection, which was not invisible fourteen years ago (2000), when people could walk freely between the monuments, take pictures, touch, find, and watch (can be seen in the photos).
Since that year and my son found my grandfather- Hubei Huangpi Fan Shi (name) on this bluestone stele, this stele has left a deep impression on my heart. Fourteen years after this time, when I stepped into the Confucius Temple again, the first time I entered the door, I directly identified it from the 198 stele forest.
When I saw this (bluestone) stele again, I was surprised and saddened, and the damage to this stele in just fourteen years was really too big! Too big! The inscription, which was originally clearly visible, has now become blurred and difficult to distinguish, and only by smearing water to increase the contrast can the handwriting be faintly distinguished. Could it be that air pollution exacerbates weathering? Is it frequent contact with people? Or is it the infringement of the stele by other substances?
Since I was a child, I have heard my mother say: "In the forest of steles at the Confucius Temple in Beijing, there is a record engraved with the old grandfather obtaining the name of Jinshi, and the bluestone stele is clear and easy to find..." In the long river of history, the time of fourteen years is only a gap between the white colts, that is, a moment, but the extent to which these fourteen years of years have damaged this batch of precious stele stones is really surprising! What is puzzled is why the relevant departments turn a deaf ear to its protection and do not take protective measures such as building houses or isolating them with glass partitions. Such precious historical documents, discarded in the simple shed weathering?
Shelving the west side of the Confucius Temple and the Guozijian Road, Qianlong fifty-six years (1791) began to build Qianlong fifty-nine years into the "Stone Carving Thirteen Classics" stele forest, the fate is very different. Because they have been placed in the intermittent passage on all sides and blocked by both ends, the degree of weathering is much smaller than that. For hundreds of years, the inscriptions have been legible and have not changed much. From this point of view, artificial protection measures are essential. According to historical records, the original "Thirteen Classics of Stone Carvings" was better protected, shelved in the six halls of Guozijian, in 1956 Guozijian was set up as the capital library, and the "Thirteen Classics of Stone Carvings" stele group was moved out of the six halls, shelved in the middle of the passage between Guozijian and the Confucius Temple, and then covered with a roof, and the two heads were repaired on the wall, as in the room. Because the middle passage has a roof and a wall, the degree of weathering is much better, and the inscription is clear and no different from when it was first carved.
According to the relevant experts, if the "Inscription of the Jinshi Monument" is like the "Thirteen Classics of Stone Carvings" to cover the wall (the isolation measures of the glass cover have not been considered), the cost is eight million, and it is only eight million, and the difficulty of approval is beyond people's imagination. Even when all the "Inscriptions of The Jinshi" became "Wordless Monuments", the eight million were never approved.
Looking for the stele that Shunzhi has been looking for for six years in Shunzhi, Zhang Sanyi has obtained the inscription of Jinshi, and it is even more difficult to find it one by one from the 198 "wordless steles" by himself. An enthusiastic person saw me turning around alone, looking hard through the railing, and took the initiative to tell me: "As long as you know the time when your ancestors passed the entrance examination, you can find it with the help of the management staff." I ran to the exquisite kiosk where the managers worked, and the window reported the time when the ancestors had obtained the names of the jinshi, and the managers quickly found out the number of the stele according to the copy form in their hands. According to the management: "Shunzhi Sixth Year "Jinshi Inscription Monument" is No. 160", according to the number compiled by the red paint, I soon found the stele engraved with the name of Yu Mugong (the eighth ancestor Zhang Sanyi). According to the current situation of Monument No. 63, my intuition tells me that the age of Monument No. 160 is old, and it is naturally weathered more severely, and it may have already become a "wordless monument", so that the name and origin on the stele are invisible!
Examination questions for the palace presided over by the emperor himself. It is now in the collections of the Confucius Temple and the Guozijian Museum.
Unfortunately, the railing surrounds the forest of steles and cannot be approached, and the No. 160 stone stele is located in the middle of the stele forest, far away from the railing. From a distance, as I had a hunch, the pattern on the forehead of the stele has disappeared, and the words on the stele have certainly all weathered, becoming a veritable "wordless stele". I can only use the camera to increase the focal length and take pictures of the footprints of my ancestors who were down-to-earth and diligent in reading.
Looking for zhang Tanlin, the tenth ancestor, the No. 173 stele that Yongzheng obtained in the first year of the Jinshi, it was naturally much more convenient. The lessons of the past were prepared according to the script, but the inquiry search ran back and forth twice. Unfortunately, in the same position as Monument 160, the railing barrier cannot get close to the monument, and can only be viewed from a distance. A pang of remorse in my heart, why didn't I bring a telescope when I went out... Looking up at the achievements of the ancestors, the mood fluctuates and the thoughts fluctuate, and a sense of reverence and pride arises from the heart.
This trip to Beijing shows that the contribution of the Baiquan government and people to the ancestors of the Top Three Zhang clan is recognized and affirmed, as the government department said in relevant documents: "The study of local family history is an important way to study local history." In the history of the Ming and Qing dynasties, among the many families, the Baiquan Zhang Sanyi family is one of the most prominent families. Because of his ancestral residence in the West Lake Old House, commonly known as the West Lake Zhang clan, and because its place belonged to the Hanyang County FengleLi Sanjia at that time, also known as "Sanjia Zhang". Examining the history of his family's development, it is possible to show the historical features of the Ming and Qing dynasties of Dongxihu from one side. It is worth special note that the Zhang Sanyi family has made great contributions to the Baiquan area by building bridges and paving roads for generations, repairing hidden water piers, re-teaching and running righteous studies, and strict family style. The XV Chronicle was instrumental in preserving the writings of its ancestors. His school books include "Lai Qingyuan Poetry Collection", "Liu Xiaoxuan Poetry Collection" (and compiled the second annals), "Zhang Shi Yao Jie Relic Collection", "Yu Xuan Gong Anthology", "Zhang Shi Mo Cun" and so on. This is really:
Seeing that the stele stone had a thousand thoughts, xingshi re-taught filial piety and strictness.
Yu Mu created the Tongxian Road, and the younger generations worked hard to be the first.
concentrate:
1) Among the five inner Jinshui Bridges, the bridge in the center is the longest and widest, the main bridge, which only the emperor can pass; the left and right four are Bin Bridges, which are used by the princes of the clan and the civil and military officials.
The middle bridge is a carved pillar of the dragon, the widest deck, when the imperial power ruled China, this bridge was called "Royal Road Bridge", only the Tianzi walked. The "Royal Road Bridge" is called "Prince Bridge" on both sides, and only the princes of the clan are allowed to walk. The "Prince Bridge" is called the "Grade Bridge", and the Minister of Culture and Military Affairs is allowed to walk with more than three products. The so-called "Bridge of Sentient Beings" in front of the Taimiao Temple is allowed to walk by officials under four pins.
2) Ya han in music, ya is positive, noble, not bad, han, that is, diving into the water, inclusive, inclusive, collectively known as noble tolerance in "music", music is music, happiness, love meaning, "there are friends from afar, not happy? The Analects of Yongye: "The wise man leshan, the benevolent one le shui." The real meaning here may still be a "education policy" problem, that is, "edutainment", it can also be said that learning is definitely not the children of our time who read the "Olympic Number", learning should be a very happy thing, not a drudgery of lighting the lamp and boiling oil.
3) Fan Shi, Zi Yipo, No. MeiSheng, Hubei Huangpi people. Fan Zhongyan's 31st grandson. Guangxu twenty-three years (1897) and his son Fan Xiren in the autumn in the same branch, the Guangxu Emperor was given the "father and son same list" plaque and gilded long union, Guangxu twenty-four years (1898) Peng Shu Jinshi, the head of the military department, the former official Fuzhou prefect. Fan Shi served as a tax collector in Rao Prefecture, the hometown of Fan Zhongyan as Zhizhou, for two years, and with the heart of Wen Zhenggong as the heart, he decided on the tax chapter and benefited the people and the country. There is the "Xiuhong Garden Collection".
4) Zhang Sanyi (1609-1691), also spelled Luru and Yumu, was a native of Fengleli, Hanyang County, Hubei Province (present-day Baiquan Farm, Dongxihu District). In the fifth year of Qing Shun's reign (1648), the township examination ranked first in the list, and shun ruled in the sixth year of the reign of the ugly year (1649). At the beginning of the Yanchang County Order in Shaanxi, he was encountering drought and locust plagues. Zhang Sanyi prayed for rain in the dew at night, organized the people to kill locusts, worked tirelessly, and donated funds for relief, sold grain at a fair price, and saved many disaster victims. Therefore, the county people built a shrine for Zhang Sanyi and listed it as a local eunuch. Soon, Zhang Sanyi was promoted to the post of Nanyang Fu (南阳府丞). Suppressing the thieves who turned the river and turning the river, Yu And other thieves, except for the first evil, all those who coerced the followers were released and returned to the peasants. The achievements of this period are included in the "Nanyang Famous Eunuchs". Later, Zhang Sanyi was transferred to The Shaowu Prefecture of Fujian Province, and was routinely assessed as a superior, and the locals built a shrine in ChanghongQiao to commemorate him. He was later promoted to prefect of Shaoxing Province, Zhejiang Province.
During Zhang Sanyi's tenure in Yanchang, Nanyang, and Shaowu, he could break off all major and important cases that his predecessor could not conclude as soon as he took over, and he also rehabilitated many unjust and wrong cases, which was known as "a case of judgment in pieces." During his tenure in Shaoxing, his political achievements were even more outstanding.
Zhang Sanyi's tutoring is strict and orderly, and he pays great attention to the education and cultivation of his descendants. The three sons, Bo Chun, Zhong huang, and Shu Jue, were all officials, and he often warned them: "The first grandfather of the Ru generation was 'innocent and loyal, did not love money, and was a good official', especially the living people thought of it. "It is advisable to be silent, not to be self-effacing, to save punishment, not to disturb the people with much trouble... But be humble and gentle, and forgive and forgive. "All three sons were able to perform their duties with great dedication and outstanding political achievements (according to another legend). He had 17 nephews, and he gave each of them 30 acres of fertile land for them to study.
5) Zhang Tanlin (1677-1750) (according to the Genealogy of the Sanxiu Zhang clan: "Kangxi Pengwu was born in 1678 - Qianlong Yihai died in 1755") was a calligrapher and painter from Fengleli (now Baiquan Farm, Dongxihu District), Hanyang County, Northern Hubei Province. Zhonghuang's third son.
In the fifty years of the Qing Kangxi Dynasty (1711), he was raised and the Yongzheng Yuannian (1723) entered the army. He was first appointed as the head of the household department, and the comprehensive assessment was "jingqin", so he was highly valued by Zhao Gongyi and Zhang Qingke, and recommended him to be the supervisor of Tongzhou Cang. In the first year of Yongzheng (1723), he was promoted to Hongxu Temple.
Three years later (1725), he was appointed two Huai salt envoys.
Five years later (1727), he was promoted to envoy of Jiangsu Province. In Jiangsu, he disagreed with Inspector Chen Shixia.
In the sixth year (1728), when he was transferred to Shandong in the first month, Chen instructed Zhao Xiangkui, the new envoy of Jiangsu Province, to fabricate perjury and extort a huge amount of silver to prevent him from taking office. Emperor Shizong of the Qing Dynasty (the Yongzheng Emperor) was furious and demoted Chen Shixia to the post of envoy to Shandong, while Zhang Tanlin was made the governor of Shandong, above Chen. In July, he was replaced as a cabinet scholar, remaining in Shandong, and moving to Jiangxi in August.
In july of the seventh year (1729), he was recalled to Beijing, and in November he was ordered to go to Nanhe to cooperate with the governor of the river, Sun Yuke, to organize the Gaoyan project.
Eight years later (1730) his mother died, and he was asked to return to his hometown for mourning, and after discussion, he was ordered to serve in the work system (that is, to serve in office), until the completion of the ten-year project, and then returned home to serve the funeral.
In the first month of the eleventh year (1733), there was a problem in the construction of the sea pond in Zhejiang, and Zhang Tanlin was ordered to go to Xiangban. Cheng Yuanzhang, prime minister of the Haitang Construction Association, and The Vice Governor Tonglongsheng had different opinions and did not accept Zhang Tanlin's opinions and suggestions, resulting in repeated collapse of Tang workers, and after discussion by the ministry, it was planned to demote Zhang Tanlin to a lower level. The purpose of the world is to spare him from calling, but still to supervise the construction of the sea pond project.
In the first year of Qianlong (1736), Cheng Yuanzhang and Longsheng were dismissed from their posts, and the Haitang Project, the university scholar Zeng Jun, the premier, remained in Zhang Tanlin to run it.
In the second year (1737), he returned to the capital in the first month, and soon became a waiter in the warehouse, in May he was appointed as the inspector of Jiangsu, and in August, he was appointed as an envoy to Anhui, and returned to his hometown due to illness.
Zhang Tanlin is strict in nature and diligent in political affairs. In the Tongzhou warehouse, the seat was neat and strong, and there was no loss of grain, which had won the favor of Emperor Qing Shizong. And being promoted out of the ordinary, entrusting him with the heavy responsibility of wealth, eliminating the drawbacks, and spotlessly clean, it caused the jealousy of the mediocre officials and triggered the reparations incident when they went to Shandong. Emperor Qing Shizong clearly observed right and wrong, and once again broke the rules and promoted him. In the face of special grace, Zhang Tanlin forgot to feel excited, did not avoid resentment when encountering things, and finally was ostracized by mediocre officials, isolated and helpless, and became angry and angry. Zhang Tanlin's official achievements and deliberations were kept in the imperial archives along with the emperor's Edict of Zhu.
After retiring from his post, Zhang Tanlin rented a house in Caidian Town, Hanyang County, and did not enter the capital city, singing poetry and wine with two or three old friends when he was cloth, not asking about political affairs, and leisurely and self-reliant for more than ten years. He wrote many works in his life, but because of his incorruptible officials, he was unable to publish them, and the extant ones were only scattered copies.
6) Zhang Xingjian (1835-1906), zi jingting, number Rusan, Hubei Province, Hanyang County Baiquan (now Dongxihu District Baiquan Farm) people. Zhang Sanyi's seven generations of grandsons.