His life was quite a legendary life, when he was a teenager, he was born in the top giants of the Republic of China, known as a "prodigy"; when he was young, he was talented, mercurial, able to write and fight, in the period of continuous war and national difficulties, in order to avoid the loss of national treasures, he did not hesitate to lose his family, and defended and protected some of the country's precious cultural heritage with his conscience; after the founding of New China, he donated all the cultural relics he had collected in his life to the state, but he was poor and destitute, and finally died of pneumonia because he could not afford to live in a senior ward.
In the first month of 1982, the weather was exceptionally cold. In Peking University Hospital, a plainly dressed old man was sent to the family for medical treatment due to a serious cold, and then the old man was arranged into an eight-person room.
The hospital environment is relatively noisy, from time to time there are people coughing, the elderly sleep is relatively shallow, the first day of hospitalization, the elderly did not sleep all night. The next day, the old man's condition obviously became more serious, the wife could not see it, she wanted to communicate with the hospital to see if she could change a single room for the old man, the old man stopped her, he felt that everyone lived in eight rooms, can not give themselves special treatment.
In the next few days, due to the lack of rest at night, the old man's condition has not improved, and because there are constantly patients in the ward who have died, the old man's mental state has also been significantly affected, and he has always been lively and talkative, and he has slowly become silent.
The wife could no longer sit still, she secretly concealed the old man to go to the hospital to negotiate, to see if he could change a single room for the old man, the hospital replied to him: "The hospital has regulations, Zhang Boju's level is not enough, can not live in the high cadre ward." ”
The wife left silently with tears, and then the wife concealed her husband's several representations with the hospital, but they were rejected. On February 26, the elderly died of pneumonia.
On March 26, at the memorial service for the elderly, Ye Jianying, Deng Yingchao, Wang Xia, Gu Mu and other party and state leaders sent wreaths, Zhao Puchu, Xia Yan, Hu Yuzhi, Niu Manjiang, Liu Haisu and more than 200 other people sent a link, and more than 500 people spontaneously sent off the elderly.
Who is Zhang Boju? Why was he not even eligible to change to a single room when he was sick and hospitalized, but his memorial service was attended by so many party and state leaders?
Zhang Boju was born in 1898 in Xiangcheng, Henan Province, the son of Zhang Zhenfang, a Qing Dynasty feudal governor (his biological father Zhang Jinfang, who was passed on to his uncle Zhang Zhenfang in his early years along with his sister), and his uncle was Yuan Shikai, the provisional president of the Republic of China.
Some people are born extraordinary, learn what they will do, draw what they look like, and Zhang Boju obviously belongs to this kind of person. He entered a private school at the age of seven, and at the age of nine, he could write poetry, and was a famous "prodigy" at that time.
In 1911, Zhang Boju studied with Yuan Shikai's sons at the Tianjin Xinxue Academy. After that, because his father Zhang Zhenfang was transferred from the governor of Directly Subordinate to the Governor of Henan, Zhang Boju went to Kaifeng, Henan with his father. After 1914, he settled in Beijing with his father.
In 1918, he entered the military circles, served under Cao Kun, Wu Peifu, Zhang Zuolin (mostly fictitious positions), in 1927 he devoted himself to the financial circles, successively served as the president of various salt banks, in 1930, he began to play Peking Opera again, and he formed a group with Peking Opera master Mei Lanfang and others, and after 1937, he added a hobby - filling in poetry.
After liberation, he served as a special member of the Palace Museum, a member of the Appraisal Committee of the State Administration of Cultural Heritage, an associate researcher and deputy director of the Jilin Provincial Museum, a librarian of the Central Museum of Culture and History, an honorary tutor of Chinese art history in the Department of Chinese Literature of Yenching University, an honorary president of the Beijing Chinese Painting Research Association, and an honorary director of the Chinese Calligraphy Association.
Zhang Boju was talented in his lifetime, especially in collecting and appreciating, working in calligraphy, painting, poetry, and peking opera.
Later, Zhang Boju, together with Yuan Shikai's son Yuan Kewen, Zhang Zuolin's son Zhang Xueliang, and Zhejiang overseer Lu Yongxiang's son Lu Xiaojia, was known as the "Four Princes of the Republic of China".
In addition to Zhang Boju's love of calligraphy and painting and Peking opera, zhang Boju's biggest hobby is to collect cultural relics, which is almost obsessive. His mother once complained to others: "Almost all of his money and energy is spent on buying antiquities." ”
His father, Zhang Zhenfang, was once afraid that his playthings would lose his mind, so he forced him to work in his bank and married him three wives and four concubines, hoping that he could collect his heart and focus his energy and mind on the family.
But no matter what means the family takes, it can't stop his love of collecting cultural relics.
The purchase of cultural relics costs a lot, but fortunately his father Zhang Zhenfang ran a salt business and the family was extremely wealthy. Later, Zhang Boju himself went to work in the bank, which provided great convenience for his collection career.
Of course, in a chaotic world, the love of collecting cultural relics also brought great danger to Zhang Boju's life. In 1941, on his way to Xi'an, Zhang Boju was kidnapped by kidnappers for eight months, and he sewed the national treasure "Ping Fu Ti" in his underwear before he escaped the disaster.
Zhang Boju liked to collect all his life, but he did not want to possess them wholeheartedly, he once said to people: "To give what you receive, you don't have to give to yourself in the end, but let it last forever in my land and be passed down from generation to generation." What does this passage mean?
Zhang Boju wants to tell the world that he spent his life savings collecting cultural relics, not to possess them, and his original intention in collecting cultural relics was to leave our ancient cultural relics in our Chinese own land.
In his later years, Zhang Boju dedicated his life's collection to the Forbidden City, realizing his long-cherished wish.
How many cultural relics did Zhang Boju donate to the Forbidden City, some people said it was 300 billion yuan, some people said it was half of the Forbidden City. In fact, Zhang Boju's collection is extremely valuable, and it is measurable by secular gold and silver.
Flatten the post
"Pingfu Ti" is the original handwriting of the Western Jin Dynasty scholar Lu Ji, which is nearly 1700 years ago, 70 or 80 years earlier than Wang Xizhi's handwriting, and is the "originator of the opening chapter" in the inkblots that have been handed down to the world today. This was bought by Zhang Boju in the 1930s from Puru, the great-grandson of the Daoguang Emperor and the grandson of Prince Gong. It is less than a foot long, only 9 lines, but it is covered with the collection seals of famous artists of past generations, and the Zhu seal is tired, and it is respected by the collection circle as "the first post in China".
Tour Spring Chart
"You Chun Tu" was painted by the great Painter Zhan Ziqian of the Sui Dynasty, dating back more than 1400 years, and is considered to be the earliest surviving painting in China, and has been regarded as a unique masterpiece by the calligraphy and painting circles of all generations, and some people call it "a national treasure among national treasures".
Post on the balcony
"Shangtai Ti" is the only handwriting handed down by Li Bai, and the content is a self-written poem: "The mountains are high and the waters are long, the objects are like tens of millions, there are not old pens, and they are strong and poor." Eighteenth, on the balcony book, too white. The four characters of the Qing Gaozong Hongli Calligraphy inscription "Qinglian Yihan" are introduced, and the inscription of the Song Huizong Zhao Yi Thin Golden Book on the upper right of the main text is: "Tang Li Taibai on the balcony" line. The post-paper has inscriptions by Emperor Huizong of the Song Dynasty, Emperor Zhao Biao of the Song Dynasty, Yuan Zhang Yan, Du Ben, Ouyang Xuan, Wang Yuqing, Wei Su, And Lu Lu, Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty.
Hundred Flowers Chart
"Hundred Flowers" is the work of Yang Jieyu of the Song Dynasty, for the plain silk, the picture scroll is 3 meters 24 long, there are Shouchun flowers, periwinkles, lotuses, Xishilian, orchids, Wangxian flowers, hollyhocks, yellow marshmallows, walnuts, jade plum flowers, palace locusts, lotus peaches, Ganoderma lucidum and other flowers fourteen kinds, and there are three kinds of sky, red sun, auspicious clouds, counting seventeen paragraphs, each paragraph has an inscription. This scroll is considered to be the first female painter's work preserved in the history of Chinese painting, and is regarded as a unique treasure by successive courts and great collectors.
According to incomplete statistics, Mr. Zhang Boju donated a total of 118 cultural relics to the state in his lifetime. The "PingFu Ti" of Lu Ji of the Jin Dynasty, which is now in the collection of the Palace Museum in Beijing, the "You Chun Tu" of the Sui Dynasty painter Zhan Ziqian, the "Shangtai Post" of Li Baishu of the Tang Dynasty, and the "Hundred Flowers Of Yang Jieyu" of the Song Dynasty, have all been in his collection.
Zhou Ruchang: What I have seen in my life is that there are many people with high culture, and there are very few people like this.
Shi Shuqing: In modern times, we have never produced such a high-ranking person, a learned person, a person with a culture.
Qi Gong: No one before, no one after. The first person in the world's folk collection.
Liu Haisu: He is a mountain on the contemporary cultural plateau. From his vast heart, four rivers flowed out, namely calligraphy and painting collection, poetry, opera and calligraphy. The four sister arts communicate with each other and have their own personalities, which can be called the old celebrities of Jinghua and the true scholars of the Art Garden.
Zhang Bojun: No matter how Chinese literature develops, there will be no more Zhang Boju!
Zhou Ruchang: Reading Zhang Boju, I deeply feel that he is superior because the time coordinate system is unique, the average person's time coordinate system is three years and five years, at most ten years and eight years, and Zhang Boju's coordinate system is about a thousand years, so he can sit and watch the clouds rise, laugh and see the falling flowers, see the name of the lord as a mess, and see the power like dust.
Qian Jiaju: I don't know how many times I have attended the memorial service at Babaoshan Mountain. Many people invariably wrote 'Immortality' in their eulogies. In my opinion, not all of them can be immortal, and the true immortal, Zhang Boju, is one.
Song Zhenting: Love the country and the nation, spend all his life for culture, spare no expense for his life; emphasize morality and friendship, ice and snow, liver and gallbladder, and unity of ambition, and arrogance and arrogance.
Wang Shixiang: It is really unimaginable that Zhang Boju and his wife, who used 40,000 yuan of the current ocean to buy "PingFu Paste" and 170 gold to obtain "You Chun Tu", and donated 8 national treasures to the state in 1955, zhang Boju and his wife were so poor. He greatly appreciated Huang Yongyu's thesis for Zhang Boju - "The rich are not proud, the poor can be safe, they are not afraid in the face of danger, and they are not shocked when they see humiliation... What a ninja too!
Wang Jinyu: Mr. Zhang Boju, a great collector in the Republic of China period, is a very good example to learn from, he not only has great feelings and responsibilities, but also has a strong national consciousness and patriotic spirit, I think this should also become a collection quality and spiritual outlook that collectors in the new era should have.
Some people are alive, but he is dead, and some people are dead, but he is alive.
Mr. Zhang Boju, no ancient person before, no one after, the first person in the world's folk collection.