The price of goose meat in the market is generally more expensive than that of chickens and ducks, because in people's consciousness, geese grow up eating grass, in fact, most of the current goose is feed, and grass is supplementary feed.
First, the feed-meat ratio of full-price feed goose is 0.8 to 1.5 (the meat ratio of pigs is 1:3.5 to 4.5, broiler chicken is 1:2 to 2.5, and meat duck is 1:2.6 to 2.9). Under ordinary production conditions, a commercial goose grows from goose seedlings to a weight of 3 kg, only need to be raised for 65-70 days, consuming 10 kg of concentrate, if the grass is planted to raise geese, only 6 kg of concentrate is needed. The feed needed to raise a pig can raise 100 baby geese, and the meat production is 3 times that of pigs. The goose has strong stress resistance, does not have high requirements for breeding facilities, has strong adaptability to the environment and climate, has strong disease resistance, few diseases, and low expenditure on the production of traditional Chinese medicine. Someone has analyzed and calculated that the comprehensive benefit of raising a goose can reach 30-70 yuan.
Second, the benefit analysis of the production mode of planting grass and raising geese ordinary farmers takes the planting of 1-3 mu of new imperial bamboo grass or sugar cane No. 2 forage as an example, with an annual output of 15-25 tons of fresh grass per mu, and about 300-500 commercial geese can be raised throughout the year. Each commercial goose generally has a net weight of 3-4 kg, and the income can reach 15,000-35,000 yuan, and the general farmers are self-raised, and the labor costs and farm manure can not be counted.
Third, the goose industry has broad market prospects. The nutritional value of goose meat is high, the protein content is 22.3% (duck meat is 21.4%, chicken is 20.6%, beef is 18.7%, lamb is 16.7%, pork is only 14.8%), fat content is 11.20% (lean pork is 28.8%, lean lamb is 13.6%), and the content of unsaturated fatty acids in fat is higher than that of lean pork and lean lamb, which is very beneficial to human health. Compared with chicken and duck meat, goose meat has high calorific yield, low fat dissolution point, easy for human digestion and absorption, and higher amino acid content than broiler chicken. Goose meat has a sweet taste, has the function of tonifying yin and benefiting qi, the effect of warming the stomach and opening up the jin, and the ability to reduce lead poisoning, which is a kind of health food. China's north and south urban and rural areas have the habit of eating geese, with people's understanding of the health care and edible value of goose meat, goose meat will be favored by consumers and go to the table of ordinary people.
Goose to eat grass-based, combined with the current probiotic ecological breeding technology, less disease, no pesticide and preventive drug pollution, low residue, belongs to green food, in the fierce competition in the international market for livestock and poultry products, will inevitably have a place, goose products will become a hot commodity in the domestic and foreign markets, the country will also set off a new round of "goose fever".
Fourth, the comprehensive utilization value of the goose industry is large, and the goose meat with high added value can be processed into a variety of foods with unique flavors, goose blood, goose bile, goose paw, goose skin, etc. have high medicinal value. Goose down is a special filling material for high-end warm clothing and futons, and the prospect of export earning foreign exchange is considerable.
Fifth, the development of goose industry is in line with the needs of the adjustment of the national animal husbandry industry structure, the Ministry of Agriculture proposed: In the coming period, the focus of animal husbandry production is "two stability, two acceleration, and two prominences.", and its central meaning is to stabilize pigs and chickens and actively develop grass-fed poultry. China's urban and rural surplus labor is sufficient, most areas have natural environmental conditions suitable for the development of goose industry, coupled with the central development of the central development of the central and western regions of the "return of farmland to forests and grasslands" policy, the goose industry will certainly have a great development.
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Goose farming is a recommended perennial high-yielding forage variety
The Round goose, native to the Rounde region of southwestern France, is medium in size, with gray-brown feathers, a neck that is nearly black, a lighter belly coat and a silvery gray, weighing 7 to 8 kg, and is the most suitable goose species for the production of foie gras in the world today. Langde goose, strong adaptability, high survival rate, disease resistance and easy to raise, the survival rate of chicks is as high as more than 90%, can adapt to various living environments. It can be sold as a commercial goose around 70 days old, and a variety of products can be obtained within 90 to 120 days. Langde goose is resistant to roughage, short feeding cycle, good fat liver quality, average liver weight of 750 grams, which is not available in other poultry, so breeding Langde goose will bring high economic income.
1. Disinfection of brood houses and utensils: Brood indoors and outdoors should be thoroughly cleaned and disinfected 5 to 7 days before receiving chicks, the partition wall can be refreshed with 20% lime milk, and the floor and ceiling can be sprayed with disinfectant. Close the doors and windows for 24 hours after spraying, and then open the windows for ventilation. Or use formalin, potassium permanganate fumigation, thorough ventilation and set aside. Broods are washed with disinfectant such as disinfectant king with a feeding trough, drinking fountain, bamboo hedge, etc., and then rinsed with clean water to prevent corrosion of the mucous membranes of the chicks. Bedding should be dried, fluffy, mold-free straw, sawdust or other straw. Cotton wool, cotton blankets, sacks, etc. for thermal insulation must be exposed to sunlight for 1 to 2 days before use. There should be a disinfection pool in the entrance and exit of the brooding room, and the personnel entering the brood house must be disinfected to prevent it from being brought into the source of the disease and causing the chicks to suffer from disease infestation.
2. Feed and medicine: Before entering the chicks, the feed or feed and related drugs should be prepared for backup.
3, heating: the day before the chicks should be raised to the temperature to about 28 ° C waiting for the chicks.
Breeding management of 0-21 day old meat with chicks
1, the tidal mouth of the chick goose and the opening of the chick goose and the opening of the food, commonly known as "three open", that is, boiling water, open food and open green, the first drinking water is called "boiled water", the first feeding is called "open food", the first time feeding green is called "open green", "three open" time morning and evening and good or bad have a great impact on the growth and development of the chick goose. Within 1 to 3 days of coming out of the shell, be sure to make the chicks learn to drink and eat. After the chicks come out of the shell or are transported back, the sooner the food is opened, the better, generally when the chicks can stand after the feathers are dried (about 12 to 16 hours after the shell), they can adjust the feeding and "three opens" in time. "Three open" is too famous, often some of the chicks will not eat, drink water and die, even if the egg yolk malabsorption of the big belly chicks, should also be within 24 hours "three open", which can promote the absorption of egg yolk and the excretion of fetal stool. The method of "three openings" is: before opening food, the chicks should first boil water (tide mouth), first put the water basin containing clean drinking water in the corner of the bar, and press the mouth of a part of the chicks into the basin many times to let them drink, as long as there are individual chicks to drink water at the drinking place, other chicks should follow the drinking water. Then put the greens that have been cut into thin strips on your hands and shake them, and evenly sprinkle them on the grass mat or plastic sheet, you can also sprinkle a little vegetable leaf on the chicks, or half-cooked millet or crushed corn grits (you can also feed the mixed feed directly) through the water, sprinkle the chopped green vegetables evenly on the grass mat or plastic sheet, gently beat the grass mat or plastic sheet with water, and lure and train the chicks to feed. After 2 to 3 days, gradually switch to beverage tank feeding. When raising large flocks, the chopped greens can also be placed in the feed pot for free feeding, so that the number of feeding times and feeding amounts of the chicks per day should also be gradually increased. 4 to 10 eyes old, can be fed 6 to 8 times a day, of which 2 to 3 times at night, each time feeding green feed, you can add an appropriate amount of rice grains. Rice grains should not be soaked in depressed water before feeding, then spread out on the grass, dried a little and then fed again to avoid sticking to the beak. If you start to feed the mixed feed, the ratio of diet is 60 to 70% of the green material and 30 to 40% of the compound feed. Chicks between 11 and 12 days old should be fed green materials and transition from feeding rice grains to crushed rice. If the proportion of diet with feeding and drinking is 80 to 90% of green feed, and 0 to 20% of the beverage, it is fed 6 times a day, including 2 times in the evening. If the weather is warm, you can start training the chicks to go to the outdoor sports field regularly, and if you have the conditions to graze, you can also start training to graze. Not feeding before grazing prompts the chicks to feed more grass in the grazing grounds. From 21 to 30 days old, the rice can be properly boiled (6 ripe) grain (also known as "open grain") and gradually fed wet grain. When feeding in the house, the ratio of diet is 90 to 92% of green feed and 8 to 10% of concentrate, which is fed 5 times a day, including 1 to 2 times in the evening. If there is a condition for grazing, the grazing time may be appropriately extended. The feeding of chicks should pay attention to the following five items: (1) The feed used by chicks, especially the green feed, must be fresh and clean. (2) Feeding should be done regularly and quantitatively, first green and then refined, less diligent. After each feeding, remove the feed trough and let the geese rest quietly. Geese within 15 days of age are fed 80% of the time, and sick and weak chicks should be raised separately. (3) Have enough clean drinking water. Replace fresh drinking water with each feeding. (4) Feed transformation should be carried out gradually. Generally from cooked to raw, from soft to hard, from house feeding to grazing to gradually transition. (5) Diet should be given 1 to 2.5% bone meal, 1% shell powder, 0.25 to 0.3% salt, and long-term in the feed to add "duck and goose breeding special compound probiotics".
Green grass straw multi-function ultra-fine crushing and beating machine
The effect of raising geese after the processing of green pasture straw multi-function ultra-fine crushing and beating machine is better
2, insulation: large groups of brood brood houses should have good heat preservation and ventilation facilities, to breed ~ 36 per square meter is appropriate. 1 to 5 days old, such as the brood room temperature at 15 ° C, with the feeding time, day and night must be placed in the brood cage for heat preservation. After 5 days of age, warm weather can be placed in the indoor floor grass bar for breeding day and night, or dismantle the bar during the day to become the middle bar, and restore the bar at night. After the age of 20 days, use the large bar during the day and the middle bar at night. During the entire brooding period, attention should be paid to preventing the occurrence of the phenomenon of piling up, and the chicks should be dispersed in time to avoid crushing and crushing. The chicks are afraid of both cold and heat, and the suitable temperature is about 25 ° C.
3, health and epidemic prevention: do a good job in health and epidemic prevention work, to improve the vitality of the geese, to ensure the health of the goose flock is very important, health and epidemic prevention work includes frequent cleaning of the site and replacement of bedding, keep the brood room clean and dry, cleaning the feeding trough and drinking fountain every day, environmental disinfection and the immunization and disease prevention of the chicks. The diseases that chicks are prone to occur include small goose plague, bird failure, goose coccidiosis and so on. Rats are very harmful to the chicks, especially at night, is the most frequent time for rat activities, the brooding room should have a special person on duty to prevent rats from biting and biting the chicks.
From 22 to 70 days old is the growth period of the baby goose. At this stage, the growth and development is very rapid, the foraging ability is enhanced, the volume of the digestive tract is increasing, and the feeding volume is increasing, so the feeding management of the baby goose should be strengthened.
1, the house feeding captivity using a special goose house, there is a certain sports field outside the house, according to the climate and weather of the high school students to decide the activity time inside the house, outside the house, such as summer can be early in the morning and early return, in the afternoon out of the evening and return late; there should be a pergola outside the house. In winter, you can leave late and return early to 10:00 a.m. to 4:00 p.m., and the rest of the time is in the house. Pick the full-price compound feed, if there is grass season, you can feed more green feed. Generally, the diet should meet the requirements of metabolic energy of 11.7 MJ/kg, crude protein 18%, calcium 1.2%, and phosphorus 0.8%.
2, grazing and breeding (1) grazing time, spring and autumn chicks after 10 days of age, when the climate is warm, the weather can be grazed at noon, summer can be advanced to 5 to 7 days old, at the beginning of the grazing for about 1 hour, and then gradually extended, to 30 to 40 days old can be used to graze all day, and try to get out early and return late. The specific grazing time can be determined according to the condition of the goose flock, climate and grass conditions. When grazing, the water release time can be combined, and the water release time can be gradually extended from 15 minutes to 0.5 to 1 hour, 2 to 3 times a day, and leave early in the afternoon and return early.
Since the later stage of the reserve goose is mainly limited feeding, (the conditional grazing is mainly grazing) the quality of the goose population is poor, so the goose population begins to feed 1 month before the goose lays eggs. The drink is fed 2 to 3 times a day by adult goose compounds, so that the geese can restore their physique, increase their weight, and accumulate certain nutrients in the body. Whether the concentrate supplement is appropriate or not can be identified according to the beginning of goose dung. If the goose dung is coarse and loose, it can be divided into several segments with the light stroke of the foot, indicating that the proportion of concentrate and green material is appropriate. Such as geese like to peck, in the breeding season to produce 2 to 3 weeks should be grouped, so that the male and female geese are close to each other, male goose concentrate supplementation should be early, so that when the female goose lays eggs, there is plenty of energy for breeding, improve the fertilization rate of eggs.
The female goose in the egg-laying period should be mainly house feeding, and the conditions can be properly grazed, and the compound feed is used in the diet, and the crude protein in the feed is 16% to 18% metabolized by 11.3 to 11.7 MJ / kg. The mother goose will actively forage for calcium-containing substances about 10 days before the start of production, so in addition to increasing the calcium content in the diet, it should also be placed in a special feeding tank for coarse-grained shells on the sports field or grazing site, allowing them to choose food. Feeding should be regular and quantitative, first refining and then greening. The amount of concentrate is fed 150 to 180 grams per day, divided into 3 to 4 feedings. Green material can not be quantified. Graze cattle can be fed less green material. Egg-laying geese are slow to move, and do not graze or drive away quickly to prevent the maim of the female goose. Most of the egg laying time of the mother goose in the morning, less eggs in the afternoon, in order to let the mother goose develop the habit of laying eggs in the house, the morning house should not be too early, before leaving the house to check the flock of geese, observe the egg laying situation. If a few female geese are found to be singing restlessly, the abdomen is full, the colony cavity is inflated, and they refuse to leave the house, the mother goose should be checked, and those who have eggs should stay in the house to lay eggs. During the egg laying period, it is necessary to pick up eggs frequently and pay attention to egg preservation. In addition, it is necessary to pay attention to the supplementation of light, supplementing light for 2 to 3 hours a day, so that the daily light reaches 16 hours. The bedding of the goose coop should be kept dry, and it can also be raised in the form of thick bedding. In order to maintain the mating ability of male geese, vitamin E should be supplemented in the diet (400 mg per kilogram of feed). In view of the difference in the nutritional needs of male and female geese for diet, male and female breeding is not easy to manage, so it can be taken to add a partition to the female goose feeding trough, and the width between the strips is to the extent that the female goose can eat smoothly and the head of the male goose cannot reach in. The male goose adopts a suspended material barrel, and its height is only for the male goose to be able to feed smoothly, and the female goose cannot feed for a degree. The ratio of male and female breeding of breeding geese is 1:3 to 5. In general, the ratio of large varieties should be lower, the proportion of small goose species should be higher, the ratio of winter should be lower, and the ratio of spring should be higher. It is necessary to select male geese with good penis development and excellent semen quality.
After the basic end of the egg-laying period of the goose flock, the diet level gradually decreases, and the conditional grazing is mainly based. The purpose is to encourage the female goose to consume body fat, promote the drying of feathers, easy to disengage, and facilitate manual removal of feathers. The number of feedings in this period was gradually reduced to once a day or once every other day, and then changed to one feeding every 3 to 4 days. During the period of stopping feeding, the goose should not stop the water, and after about 12 to 13 days, the goose loses weight and the main wing feathers and the main tail feathers dry up, and the feeding can be resumed. After the weight gradually rises, after about 1 month of stocking, you can manually pluck the feathers. The male goose needs to be plucked by the female goose 20 to 30 days early, so that the male goose can change all the feathers before the female goose lays eggs, so that the male goose has sufficient energy during the breeding season. Female geese that pluck their feathers can lay eggs 20 to 30 days earlier than naturally moulted female geese. For female geese with strong nesting, they should be isolated from the newly hatched geese as soon as possible after the hatching of the chicks, and the grazing and supplementary feeding should be strengthened to shorten the time of rest.
1. Little goose plague
Goose fever, also known as goose virus enteritis, is an acute, septic infectious disease. The disease is a highly exposed infectious disease of chicks and is highly susceptible to all species of goose. Sick geese excrete large amounts of their feces, which rapidly spread the disease directly or indirectly by contaminating feed, drinking water, water sources and pastures. Symptoms: The disease mainly occurs in chicks before the age of 1 month, and the younger the day age, the more susceptible to infection. The most acute type is more common at 5 to 10 days of age, with little symptoms, sudden death of sick geese, and at most some neurological symptoms of dying nurseries. Acute type commonly manifests as severe diarrhea in geese around 15 days old, with yellow-green stool mixed with bubbles, lack of energy, loss of appetite, syrup in the nasal cavity to cope with rhinorrhea, large amounts of gas and fluid in the esophagus, and neck twists and convulsions can be seen at death. Sick geese over 20 days old have mild symptoms, mainly loss of appetite and diarrhea, and the course of the disease is longer. Prevention and control measures: (1) About 1 month before the breeding goose lays eggs, the small goose plague vaccine is used twice consecutively to make the eggs contain maternal antibodies, so that the chicks can produce passive immunity. (2) If the breeding goose is not injected with the small goose plague vaccine, the goose that has just come out of the shell should be injected with weakly toxic seedlings. For breeding geese that have been inoculated, weakly toxic seedlings should also be injected as appropriate according to the local epidemic situation. (3) For sick geese and the same flock of geese, it is necessary to use high-free anti-small goose plague serum for prevention and control.
2. E. coli disease
Symptoms and lesions (1) Respiratory tract infections. E. coli respiratory infections are also known as balloon disease. Generally, it shows obvious breathing sounds, coughs, dyspnea and abnormal sounds, significant loss of appetite, and gradual emaciation of sick geese. Some sick geese, such as severe pericarditis, often die suddenly. Thickening of the balloon membrane and pericardial membrane. (2) Acute sepsis. The main lesions are acute swelling of the liver, often green, sometimes visible on the surface of the liver with gray-white needle-like necrosis points, gallbladder expansion, full of bile sweat spleen and kidney swelling, sometimes there is obvious pericarditis, in the intestine, especially in the small intestine part of the production of a large amount of mucus, for severe catarrhal inflammation. (3) Pathogenic E. coli can cause local infections, and pericarditis, salpingitis, pan-ophthalitis and arthritis can occur in poultry. Prevention: (1) Prevention. Special attention should be paid to feed, drinking water hygiene and air disinfection and purification in poultry houses. Air disinfection in poultry houses is required to be carried out regularly, generally every 3 to 5 days. Pharmacological prophylaxis, after the chicks emerge from their shells, drink water or 0.0.% to 0.05% chloramphenicol or 0.03% to 0.04% gentamicin or 0.01% to 0.02% haloperic acid. (2) The commonly used drugs for treatment are chloramphenicol, gentamicin, kanamycin, sulfamethopyrimidine, haloperidine, etc., mixed in drinking water or feed, continuous use for 3 to 5 days. The amount of treatment is appropriately increased on the basis of the amount of prevention.
3. Poultry cholera
Poultry cholera is an acute, septic disease of poultry, also known as defeat. It is caused by Pasteurella avians, and geese are also readily available. It mostly occurs in autumn during the sexual maturity of the breeding goose, and if the precautions are not taken properly, it will occur every year in the affected area. Symptoms: The disease is divided into three types: the most acute type, the acute type and the chronic type. The most acute type, sudden death of unknown cause, mostly in the early stage of Margin. Acute type, sick goose body temperature of 41 ~ 43 ° C is not energetic, eat less or not eat, loose feathers, shrink neck and closed eyes, wings drooping, often have severe diarrhea, feces are grayish yellow or dark green. The course of the disease is 2 to 3 days, and it dies quickly. Chronic type, mostly occurring in the late stage of the epidemic, goose is only emaciated, thin, and has arthritis symptoms. Prevention and control measures (1) The epidemic area should be thoroughly disinfected before the epidemic of the disease to avoid the recurrence of the disease as much as possible. (2) Treatment: Sulfonamides the main antibiotic drugs have good effects. Generally, 0.02% of the compound cinotromine is mixed with feed. With penicillin and streptomycin combined with 20,000 to 50,000 units / only, intramuscular injection for 3 to 4 days, 2 times a day can basically control the disease. Is sulfathiazole 0.2 g/kg also available? Body weight or oxytetracycline is fed in a mixture of 40 to 60 mg/kg body weight every 3 to 2 times for 3 to 5 days.
4. Goose flu
Cause: This disease is a kind of exudative disease, also known as goose hemorrhagic sepsis. Geese of all ages are susceptible to infection and spread rapidly. It is mainly transmitted by breath, often occurring in the cold seasons of winter and spring. The pathogen is a bacterium similar to influenza bacillus and is gram-negative. Symptoms: the incubation period is very short, symptoms appear after a few hours, a sudden decrease in appetite, lack of energy, loose feathers, neck squatting, and then a large amount of transparent serous secretions flow from the nasal cavity. From time to time, the sick goose shook its head vigorously and pecked its head on the sides of its body to remove nasal fluid. It is difficult to breathe and makes a "grunting" sound. In the later stages, he became diarrhea, his feet were paralyzed, he could not walk, so that he died quickly. Prevention and treatment: (1) Sulfapyrimidine tablets are taken orally, the first dose is 0.25 g / only, and then taken every 4 hours, the dose is halved, and used for 3 days. (2) Intramuscular injection with 20% sulfathiazole, 0.5 1 liters / only, 4 to 6 hours injection once added for 2 to 3 days. (3) Intramuscular injection with chloramphenicol, 12 to 15 mg/ only, 2 times a day for 2 days.
5. Goose lice are parasites hidden in the feathers on the surface of the goose. The insect is small and shaped like a lice on a cow, and the whole life of the lice is inseparable from the goose body. Symptoms: Goose lice suck blood, feathers, and dander, and also bite the skin, causing the goose body to itch and restless, the goose grows slowly and is emaciated, and the egg production of adult geese decreases
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