For our farmer friends who deal with crops all day long, as long as crop pest control is mentioned, I believe that everyone has a common headache about the control of aphids. Aphids this small pest, it is not only a variety, small size, fast reproduction, good hiding, and wings can fly, and it is easy to erupt, spread fast, harmful, difficult to control, and it is almost regardless of the season, regardless of the growth period, regardless of the plot, as long as you dare to plant crops, as long as the temperature reaches 16-25 degrees, humidity of 50-80%, it dares to wantonly endanger the crops in your family, whether you plant food crops or cash crops, whether you plant melons, fruits and vegetables or all kinds of fruit trees, You will be deeply troubled by it, for example, wheat aphids on wheat, cotton aphids on cotton, peach aphids on peach trees, soybeans on beans, etc., especially those who grow vegetables in greenhouses are even more hateful.
Aphids and ants are "good friends", and you should pay attention to the control of ants when controlling aphids
Aphids, also known as greasy insects, honey worms, common aphids from the color mainly yellow aphids, black aphids, green aphids, red aphids, etc., respectively, infringe on different crops, of which the yellow aphid is the most harmful, if from the parasitic crop, apple aphid, peach aphid, cotton aphid and other most difficult to control.
Everyone knows that aphids are harmful, and they all want to completely control aphids, but most people tend to only spray and control after aphids occur in a large area, and many people have a long-term single drug problem of "catching a good drug that can be used for many years", so that the resistance of aphids on crops to drugs is getting stronger and stronger year by year, and the amount of medicine is getting more and more year by year, but the effect of aphid control is getting worse and worse every year. According to the "2019 National Agricultural Pest Resistance Monitoring Report", the resistance of aphids to pyrethroids and neonicotinoids is at a relatively high level. In terms of drug control of aphids, if the drug resistance method is not taken, the aphids will only have drug resistance to a new drug for as long as 2-3 years and as short as 1 year.
If we all want to control aphids, we can not only rely on drug control after the occurrence of insect pests, but to combine the prevention of insect pests with the prevention and control of insect pests after the occurrence, not only strive for early prevention, early control, early use of drugs, but also to take diversified measures for comprehensive prevention and control, timely drug prevention and control, but also in the prevention and control of aphids to effectively first recognize the types of aphids, and then targeted selection of efficient drugs, and finally seize the best opportunity to spray, and when using drugs, we must focus on reducing drug resistance and reducing drug resistance prevention and control management. Only in this way can the best effect of preventing aphids and effectively killing aphids be achieved.
Many farmer friends will ask when they read this: Agricultural technology small back basket you have said so much before, quickly tell us how to specifically control aphids! The following agricultural technology small back basket will tell you how to correctly prevent and comprehensively control aphids, especially focusing on how to correctly select and use drugs.
First, the drug control skills and correct drug use methods for aphid control
Generally speaking, the first thing that everyone thinks of in the control of aphids is definitely the prevention and control of medicine, so the small back basket of agricultural technology will first tell you the content of aphid drug control.
From the commonly used drugs for the prevention and control of aphids, we mainly use the following kinds: imidacloprid, pyrimidine, thiamethoxam, pyrazone, anti-aphidvir, furofuran, thiaceteamine, enidine amine, thiazide, chlorpionine, avermectin, acetazole, spirospirene ester, fluoridinamide, cypermethrin, high-efficiency cypermethrin, mevin salt, saline emulsion, chlorpyrroebeneamide, carnithenamide, flufenazine, bromonastrileamide, mathogane, etc.
From the actual effect of drug control of aphids in recent years, there is no drug resistance in the field after using these drugs can also have a certain control effect, if it is a long-term single drug plot, in the control of aphids in the use of these drugs, especially the single use of organophosphorus, neonicotinoids, permethrin and other drugs, there will be a high drug resistance or drug interaction resistance, so that the problem of pests can not be killed after medication, insect pests can not be prevented.
Therefore, the agricultural technology basket recommends that when using drugs to control aphids, especially in plots that have developed drug resistance, we should pay attention to the following points:
First, when spraying to control aphids, first select drugs according to the type of aphids, and select 2-3 drugs with better effects from the available drugs for alternate use, even if the effect of a drug to control aphids is good, it cannot be sprayed 2-3 times continuously.
Second, immediately change the habit of single drug use, it is best to take 2-3 kinds of drug compounding or using compound agent drugs or using newly listed drugs, so as to delay or reduce the resistance of aphids to drugs and enhance the effect of drug insecticide, such as ethyl spironoid + furazine, ethyl spironospicete + thiamethoxam, ethyl spiranterium + pyrazone, alidazone + pyrazone, aldynazone + pyrazone, chlorofluoropyridazine, halopyridine, flufenacilamide nitrile • ethyl polybactericide, fludaramine nitrile • pilyclone, fludarium • acrylonidone, fludimidone • acrylonidone• flufenazine • flufenazine • flufenazine • Thiamethoxazine, flufenacilamide • furazine, avi • prazidone, pyrithopridone • thiamethoxazine, aladine • pyritone, enadine pyridone, dipropyl cyclosome ester, etc.
Third, if the aphids are more resistant to drugs, it is recommended to use some auxiliary agents that help promote the diffusion, adhesion or improve the permeability, stability and synergy of the liquid when spraying, such as silicone, orange peel essential oil, etc., to improve the effect of spraying and controlling aphids.
Fourth, in order to ensure the effect of spraying to prevent and control aphids, spraying must be sprayed evenly and thoroughly when spraying, and it is best to spray 1 gastric toxic drug (such as high-efficiency cypermethrin) within 48 hours after the first medication, under normal circumstances, according to the control effect, continuously spray 2-3 times, every 5-7 days; when spraying, not only spray the front and back of the leaves of the crop, but also focus on spraying the leaf back, heart leaf, tender slight, petiole, flower peduncle, branch crevice, Flowers and other crops on the young parts and shade, because aphids like to hide and like to suck the young parts of the tissue, but in the flower and fruit stage should be selected low toxicity, high efficiency, low residue drugs, in general, if time permits, try to avoid flowering spraying.
Fifth, when spraying to control aphids, we must follow the basic principles of early prevention and early treatment, and control of insects when they see them, and we must seize the critical period of medication before the peak period of aphids or in the early stage of aphid infestation.
Sixth, because aphids are one of the main transmission routes of crop virus diseases, it is best to combine the prevention and control of virus diseases when spraying and controlling aphids, and the prevention and control of viral diseases can choose amino oligosaccharides, virus A, plant diseases and so on.
Seventh, in addition to spraying to control aphids, we can also control the occurrence of aphid damage during the seedling stage by means of drug seed mixing or seed coating treatment before sowing, liquid irrigation or spraying during transplanting and colonization, such as using 40% octyl thiophosphorus to carry out drug seed mixing treatment at 0.2% of the seed amount before sowing.
Second, integrated control measures for aphids other than drugs
The prevention and control of aphids cannot rely solely on spraying, but should be used together with agricultural control, biological control, physical control, etc., in order to completely control the harm of aphids. For example, the following commonly used methods:
1. Interspecific cropping or stubble control of aphids
For plots with heavy aphid hazards, we must not only choose varieties with strong disease and pest resistance for planting, but also it is best to rotate or set crops that are prone to aphid damage and crops that are repellent to aphids, for example, vegetables that are easy to attract aphids and onions, ginger, garlic, leeks, etc. with a strong irritating odor are planted or stubble.
2. Comprehensively do a good job in cleaning and managing the field floor
Aphids can survive and spread through shallow soil, crop waste straw, field weeds and dead branches and dead leaves on the ground, therefore, before and after crop sowing, on the one hand, we will comprehensively clean up the residues of the field ground, and then transfer them to the ground for centralized burning or deep burial, on the other hand, the field should be turned into a deep turn of about 30 centimeters, continuous drying for about half a month, and the orchard should be thoroughly scraped and whitened in combination with the old skin on the tree in the winter and spring garden. This reduces the number of residual sources of aphid transmission in the field.
3. Rational fertilization and cultivation of robust seedlings to enhance insect resistance
Aphids have the characteristics of tenderness and sweetness, especially like to suck the sap of the young tissues of crops, therefore, we should apply more organic fertilizer, increase phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, and strictly control nitrogen fertilizer in fertilization management, so as to prevent seedlings from growing green and growing, and the stems and leaves are young, which can inhibit the insect infestation of aphids in the field.
4. Protect or release predators to kill aphids
For protected areas, many times it is inconvenient for us to use drugs to control aphids, so we can use the method of protecting or releasing natural enemies to kill aphids in the field.
Can catch aphids for food more natural enemies, such as the commonly used agricultural ladybirds, grass age, aphid-eating flies, insectivorous aphids, aphid wasps, small flower aphids, etc. can prey on the aphids in the field, we can release these natural enemies in the field in advance before the peak period of aphids, you can help us gradually kill the aphids in the field, taking the aphid wasps as an example, we put 1 aphid wasps every 7-10 days, continuously put 4-6 times, basically you can kill all the aphids in the field, and then say grasshoppers, A single grasshopper can kill hundreds of aphids. However, it should be noted that the effect of using natural enemies to control aphids will not be particularly fast, and we need to release them in batches in advance, and during the release of natural enemies, we should pay attention to avoiding spraying as much as possible.
5. Use a yellow armyworm plate to trap aphids
For protected areas or greenhouses (which can also be used in open fields), we can hang 30 yellow sticky oil plates per acre in the field at the beginning of the occurrence of aphids, so as to trap the aphids in the field, and the sticky oil plates can be purchased directly from the finished product or homemade.
In general, the best position for yellow sticky oil plate suspension is flush with the top of the crop seedling or slightly higher than about 10 cm, the orchard can hang the yellow sticky oil board on the side branches of the fruit tree, when the yellow sticky oil board is coated with aphids, it should be replaced with a new one in time.
In addition, the greenhouse can also install insect nets on the skirts, entrances and exits, and vents on both sides of the greenhouse to prevent external aphids from moving into the shed.
6. Hang or lay silver-gray mulch film in the field to expel aphids
Aphids do not like silver gray very much, so the silver gray plastic film has a strong expulsion effect on aphids.
In terms of use, we can either lay silver mulch film between rows of the field ground or cover the planting with silver gray mulch film, or hang silver-gray plastic strips on the branches of orchards, at the entrance of greenhouses or vents, so that we can play a good role in repelling aphids.
In addition to hanging silver-gray color strips, we can also buy and place insect trap lamps in the field to trap aphids.
7. Use sexual attractants to trap aphids
There are many aphid sex attractants and sex attractants on the market, we can buy a bottle back, and then drop 1-2 drops of sex attractants into the bottle, and finally hang the bottle in the field or orchard, and put a spray of water under the bottle.
In addition, we can also prepare our own sweet and sour solution in the field or hanging in the orchard to trap aphids, each acre of plot even control 6-10 pots can be, the ratio of sweet and sour solution can be prepared in accordance with the ratio of sugar: vinegar: water: wine = 3: 4: 2: 1 ratio, in order to improve the insecticidal effect, it is recommended to add a small amount of thiamethoxine, imidacloprid and other insecticides in the preparation of sweet and sour solution.
8. Scatter grass and wood ash to expel aphids
Grass and wood ash is not only a good potash fertilizer, but also has the effect of sterilization to prevent disease, but also can play a role in improving the soil, in addition, grass and wood ash also has a good expulsion effect on aphids, therefore, we grow vegetable friends, you can spread grass and wood ash in the field, in order to expel aphids, reduce aphid damage.
Click "Follow" the small back basket of agricultural technology above
Learn more about fresh farming every day