The second chancellor of the loyal and treacherous grandfather
Wang Huabing
In the history of the Tang Dynasty, Huaxian county had two prime ministers, Lu Huaishen and Lu Qi. Lu Huaishen and Lu Qi were two grandchildren, two men as officials, one loyal and one adulterous, with different endings in history, which played a role of reference and warning for future generations.
Lu Huaishen, who was honest and honest, loyal and honest
Lu Huaishen (?–716), a native of Lingchang, Huaxian (present-day southwest of Huaxian County), was a Tang Dynasty sage.
Since childhood, Lu Huaishen has read a wide range of books, is proficient in "poetry" and "books", loves to read historical books of past dynasties, and draws on the experience of governing the country from historical events. When he was young, he was very measured and quick-witted. His outstanding talent made those who knew him admire him. Lu Huaishen was a 20-year-old middle-aged soldier who served as an inspector of imperial history and a member of the bureaucracy. In the first year of Emperor Zhongzong's reign (705), he was appointed as the Right Imperial Historian Taizhong.
In the management of local officials, Lu Huaishen was quite accomplished. He believed that local officials should have the number of years of service. Lu Huaishen admired Confucius's suggestion, believing that one year in the service of local officials was not enough, and that only three years of service would have achievements. Lu Huaishen was in favor of evaluating the performance of local officials every three years, and after three evaluations, it should be decided whether to promote and commend local officials or to be exempted from punishment. Lu Huaishen attacked the shortcomings of the times, holding that it was a drawback of the state bureaucracy that officials were transferred or promoted in only three or five months to one or two years, regardless of whether they had political achievements or not. If this kind of drawback exists for a long time, it will make the local officials feel very loud and absent-minded, thinking all day long about scavenging for grease paste and transferring them to promotion, where can they provide the court with compassion for the people and govern the localities? This makes it impossible to indoctrinate the etiquette, makes it impossible to increase the household registration population, and makes it impossible to make the people of Cangmiao rich. As long as they can be transferred or promoted in a short period of time, officials will be lucky and deceived, and it will be impossible to do their best to achieve publicity, and it will inevitably lead to a decrease in prestige and the people not obeying the government.
Lu Huaishen statue
Lu Huaishen suggested that local officials should be regularly evaluated and pay attention to actual performance. He set three criteria for assessment: whether the people live and work in peace and contentment; whether the social atmosphere is correct; and whether the local finances are sufficient. Lu Huaishen held that officials who have achieved excellent results in the examination should be promoted to higher posts and increase their ranks; officials who have no political achievements or even commit crimes should be removed from their posts and demoted to civilians. It is necessary to make a clear distinction between reward and punishment.
In terms of selecting and appointing talents, Lu Huaishen suggested appointing people who are young and strong and have both political integrity and ability. He suggested that the emperor entrust those who were talented enough to serve as magistrates and have a prominent reputation, so that they would have a fixed place of office and be able to make the best of their talents and perform their duties. The Imperial Court regularly checked their achievements. Officials who are old and infirm and incompetent in government affairs should be allowed to leave their posts for the elderly. Lu Huaishen believes that those officials who occupy vacant positions, have problems with their morals, and have no ability to govern will inevitably bully the people, displace the people, and even rise up. Therefore, officials must work hard and concentrate on justice. Lu Huaishen stressed: Officials who are promoted by means of chaotic life will inevitably lead to corruption in the administration of officials and political darkness, and this harm is very serious.
In the first year of Emperor Xuanzong's reign (713), Lu Huaishen was promoted to Tongziwei Huangmen Pingzhangshi and began to perform the duties of chancellor. In the fourth year of the New Century (716), he also served as the official Shangshu. Lu Huaishen ruled the country and the country, bowed to the best of his ability, took care of every opportunity every day, and forgot to eat and sleep. Excessive labor made Lu Huai cautiously white, and overwork became a disease. In the autumn of 716, Lu Huaishen's illness became more and more serious, and on his deathbed, he expressed his regret and pity for not being able to continue to serve the country loyally, and at the same time recommended Song Jing, Lu Congwan, Li Jie, and Li Chaoyin, four sages with the ability to govern the country. Emperor Xuanzong reused the sages he had recommended.
Lu Huaishen was a clean and honest official. He was of a noble position, often rewarding him with rewards and giving them to his subordinates and friends and relatives around him, but he had no money left, lived a very poor life, and his household goods were very simple. Song Jing, the chancellor who had been advised and promoted by Lu Huaishen, and Lu Congwan, the official Shangshu, visited Lu Huaishen, who was ill, in the winter of 716. The two saw that the mats in Lu Huaishen's house were thin and worn, there was not even a curtain hanging on the door, and whenever the wind and rain blew, people could only lift the mats to cover them, and they could not help but burst into tears. At noon, Lu Huaishen ordered the two to entertain the two people, and served guests with steamed soybeans and stir-fried vegetables. Lu Huaishen endured the pain of illness and said to the two: If you want to help Emperor Xuanzong create a peaceful and prosperous world, you must exert great efforts to cure it. Lu Huaishen said: The attitude of making great efforts to govern the country will make it impossible for the traitors to take advantage of the opportunity and enable the good policy of governing the country to be fully implemented. After Lu Huaishen's death, the family was surrounded by walls and the funeral was simple. Emperor Xuanzong accepted the advice of his doctor Zhang Xing, believing that Lu Huaishen was loyal and upright, honest and honest, and gave him a generous reward.
The year after Lu Huaishen's death, when Tang Xuanzong was hunting, he passed by Lu Huaishen's house and encountered the Daxiang sacrifice twenty-five months after Lu Huaishen's death. Tang Xuanzong saw that Lu Huaishen's house had low walls and simple houses. The situation of the Lu family aroused Xuanzong's thoughts of Lu Huaishen, and he no longer had the heart to hunt. Emperor Xuanzong ordered that Lu Huaishen's family be rewarded with a number of fine silk horses. When Xuanzong rode through Lu Huaishen's cemetery, he saw that there was no monument in the cemetery, stopped his horse and stared at it, and burst into tears. Emperor Xuanzong personally drafted the inscription and ordered the Zhongshu Waiter Su Yong to write a calligraphic inscription.
Lu Qi statue
Lu Qi, who is jealous of Xianxian's ability and harsh government
Lu Yi, the son of Lu Huaishen, served as the Middle Servant of the Imperial History of Dongtai in the last years of Tianbao. During the An Lushan rebellion, Lu Yi was captured and killed. Lu Yi's son Lu Qi (鲁杞) "Menyin" (門虢州) was the assassin of YuZhou. In the second year of Emperor Dezong's reign (781), Lu Qi was promoted to xiang.
Lu Qi was the exact opposite of his grandfather Lu Huaishen's way of being an official. Lu Qi was an official who was not righteous, treacherous and sinister, and jealous of Xianxian.com. When the minister gets along with him, he often has a sense of anxiety and anxiety, and he is in danger.
The traitorous minister Lu Qi was in power to slander Tang Dezong and frame Zhongliang
During the reign of Emperor Dezong of Tang, the chancellor Yang Yan was worshipped as prime minister. Yang Yan is a world-renowned sage, handsome in appearance, righteous, good at writing articles, and a majestic style. Lu Qi, jealous of Yang Yan's talents, made a rumor to Emperor Dezong and deposed Yang Yan from his official position. In order to prevent Emperor Dezong from reusing Yang Yan, Lu Qijin rumored that There was a problem with Yang Yan's family temple, and there was a suspicion of private construction and violation of ancestral precepts, and it was estimated that Yang Yan was suspicious. Emperor Dezong listened to Lu Qi's rumors and was horrified, degrading Yang Yan as Sima and sending people to kill Yang Yan secretly.
After getting rid of Yang Yan, Lu Qi monopolized the government and politics, flew high, and persecuted Zhongliang more and more to exclude dissidents. Emperor Dezong's chancellor, Zhang Yi, was honest and kind, and Emperor Dezong trusted him. Lu Qi wanted to get rid of Zhang Yi again. At that time, the chancellor Zheng Zhan had a very good relationship with Zhang Yi, and often took advantage of Lu Qi's absence to go to the cabinet of the prime minister to talk with Zhang Yi. One day, Zheng Zhan came to the cabinet again to find Zhang Yi to talk. Lu Qi suddenly entered the cabinet, and Zheng Zhan wanted to leave the cabinet, but it was too late, so he had to hide in the shadows. Lu Qi was overjoyed in his heart and talked loudly about the secret affairs of the imperial court. According to the regulations of the imperial court, other ministers could not hear the secrets of the court. Zhang Yi was anxious to quickly tell Lu Qi that Zheng Zhan was in the cabinet and did not say anything. Lu Qi had a number in mind, but he told Zhang Yi that the secret he had just said could not be heard by others. He arrested Zheng Zhan and asked the emperor to kill him, and soon after deposed Zhang Yi.
Li Yu was the famous "Three Absolutes" chancellor (Mendi, characters, and articles of the time of Emperor Suzong of Tang). Lu Qi was jealous of Li Yu to death. Li Yu was old and sick at the time, but Lu Qi did not let him live in peace. Lu Qi entered The Suzong and sent Li Yu as an emissary to Tubo. This caused Li Tou to fall ill and die on the way out of the mission.
Yan Zhenqing, a great calligrapher of the Tang Dynasty, was the elder of the Three Dynasties. He had a loyal personality, paid attention to the law, and never evaded his views on the major affairs of the military state, which caused Lu Qi's jealousy. Just when Li Xilie rebelled, Lu Qi obviously knew that Li Xilie did not blink an eye when he killed people, and the ministers who went to persuade him had no return, but he deliberately asked Dezong to send Yan Zhenqing to persuade him. Yan Zhenqing could not imagine it, and was ordered to go, only to be killed by Li Xilie.
In addition to being cruel and fierce, jealous of Xianxian's ability, Lu Qi also levied violent and fish-meat people. When the military salary was in a hurry and the national treasury was empty, Lu Qi advised the imperial court to "borrow money" from the merchants. Merchants who disobeyed were punished with severe punishments. Because of the sheer volume, many businessmen committed suicide because they were overwhelmed. Lu Qi ordered that anyone who had property in their home must lend a quarter of the state, which led to the strike in Chang'an. Lu Qi connived at the imperial court to collect "interstitial taxes" and "strange money" (taxes collected according to the people's living houses and consumption conditions), which made the government and the public angry, and the people 's voice of hatred was heard near and far'.
The general Li Huaiguang led his troops outside, was upright by nature, discussed state affairs, and denounced Lu Qi for treachery and misleading the country. After Lu Qi knew about it, he was worried that Li Huaiguang would report and expose himself in front of Emperor Dezong, so he tried everything possible not to let Li Huaiguang see Emperor Dezong. Li Huaiguang angrily went to the table and exposed Lu Qi. Emperor Dezong favored Lu Qi and refused to cure Lu Qi's sins. Li Huaiguang did not move to force Emperor Dezong.
In the fourth year of Emperor Dezong's reign (783), Lu Qi was impeached by the chancellors of the imperial court. Emperor Dezong had no choice but to order Lu Qi to be made Sima of Xinzhou. In the end, Lu Qi died in the local official's post.
Officials like Lu Huaishen and Lu Qi's grandfather and grandson exist in real life. With the strong public opinion of the Internet brought about by the development of science and technology, and the gradual improvement of the quality of the entire human race, officials like Lu Qi, who are not right in their hearts and jealous of their talents, will have nowhere to go. To be an official, we must be like Lu Huaishen, select the best and the most capable, be honest and honest, and govern for the people. Taking history as a mirror, we can know the rise and fall; taking people as a mirror can make clear the gains and losses. The different governing concepts and historical influences of Lu Huaishen and Lu Qi's grandfather and grandson have brought contemplation and reference to future generations.
Anyang Ancient Capital Society Contributed By: Wang Huabing
Wang Huabing, Senior Teacher of History of Anyang Sunhua Middle School, Backbone Teacher of Henan Province, Lecturer of Anyang Cultural Lecture Hall, Director of Anyang Ancient Capital Society, Member of Anyang Zhouyi Research Association, editor-in-chief of the general textbook "History of Anyang" won the first prize of Henan Social Science Bibliography.
Some of the pictures come from the Internet, and the copyright belongs to the original author, which is invaded and deleted