Inscribed on porcelain verses and folk proverbs as decorations, pioneered in the Changsha kiln of the Tang Dynasty, from the Song Dynasty to the popular porcelain pillow of the Jin Yuan, it is even more vivid in the decoration of the text. The flat surface of the porcelain pillow is very suitable for writing and painting, a large number of calligraphy art is used for porcelain pillow decoration, these books on the porcelain pillow poetry, song, folk slang, some are very rich in literary feelings, some have a strong atmosphere in the city, truly reflecting the people's thoughts, tastes, hobbies and living customs at that time, so that it is also given more cultural connotations in addition to practicality, showing the social style of "depressed Wenya" in the Song and Jin Dynasties.
A piece of Jin Dynasty Cizhou kiln green glaze scratching flower "Ji Za" waist round pillow poem, showing the cultural pursuit of the time.
▌[Gold] green glaze scratched "JiZha" waist round pillow
Length 26.5cm Width 19cm Height 9.5cm
This porcelain pillow is decorated with a green glaze grate with a string pattern, and the two sides are written with the title of the poem "Ji Zha" from right to left, and the Tang Dynasty poet Zhou Tan's "Spring and Autumn Warring States Gate Ji Zha" is inscribed with a line of letters: "Blowing frost blades over a thousand gold, xu Jun died hanging in the forest." The sword disciple is called a priceless treasure, and the heart is more expensive and does not deceive the heart. The word "hanging" is a typo. There are obvious alteration marks under the word "Ji" on the right part of the pillow surface, which was originally supposed to be "Ji Za", and then erased and rewritten the word "Ji". From the font, it looks strong and powerful, dashing and smooth, but the layout of the typography is obviously not neat enough, and individual words are almost written outside the frame.
The allusion to "Ji Za Hanging Sword" is from the "History of the Wu Taibo Family". The story tells the story of Ji Zha passing through Xu Guo on his mission to lu and giving the sword to the late Xu Jun. Xu Jun was dead, and Ji Zha hung his sword on the tree in front of Xu Jun's tomb to fulfill the promise in his original heart. It embodies the aristocratic spiritual temperament of the scholar class in the Spring and Autumn Period that is faithful and righteous, noble and calm.
Transcribing popular celebrity poems is a more common decorative technique in Cizhou kilns. Cizhou kiln is located in Hebei, "Yan Zhao ancient called many lamentations and songs", advocating Haojie chivalry, this porcelain pillow is also a true embodiment of regional folk customs.
Another Jin Dynasty "Spring Scene" pillow is filmed as an idyllic poem.
▌[Gold] green glaze scratch flower "Spring View" waist round pillow
Length 28cm Width 20.5cm Height 9.5cm
This "Spring Scene" pillow, in addition to the bottom of the green glaze, the pillow edge is higher, the middle is slightly concave, the pillow façade ring is green glazed plain, the back of the pillow wall has a small round hole in the middle. Seven string lines are carved with grate-like tools on the pillow surface to form a bean-shaped border to open the light. Kaiguang is divided into three parts, with the title of the poem "Spring Scenery" written on both sides from right to left, and a five-character poem inscribed in line letters: "I love Tao Jia Jing, and the garden is not enjoyable." Spring thunder and hundred fruits, cold food and neighbors clear. "The next stroke is jerky and clumsy, obviously from the hands of folk kiln workers.
This poem is from the Tang Dynasty poet Meng Haoran's "Li's Garden Lying Disease", which is slightly different from the original poem, and there are typos and word changes. The original poem reads: "I love Tao Jia Fun, and the garden is unconventional." Spring thunder hundreds of flowers, cold food around the neighbors clear. Among them, "garden" and "neighbor" are all typos on this pillow. As the title of the pillow says " Spring Scene " , this is a fresh and natural, implicit pastoral poem, expressing the yearning and love for farm life. However, if you deeply understand the original author of this poem, you will find that the craftsman chose this poem to record on the pillow, which seems to have a deep meaning and sustenance.
The Tang Dynasty poet Meng Haoran, who lived in seclusion in Lumen Mountain after seeking no way out, longed for Tao Yuanming's unrestrained life, and this poem expressed Meng Haoran's yearning for the "Tao family" Tao Yuanming's retreat life after his disappointment. Similar inscriptions and poems appear on the porcelain pillows of Cizhou kilns, which appear to be chants on the surface, but in fact, they are more expressive of personal mood. From a small porcelain pillow on one side, we seem to feel the general mentality of the frustrated literati in the state of war and turmoil in the Song and Jin dynasties.
This article is selected from the 2019 5th issue of the "Collection" magazine "Wind and Currents are also in the City: Xinxiang City Museum Collection song Jinyuan ceramic poetry pillow", for more content, please pay attention to the current issue of the magazine.