Recently, the news that the Tomb of Emperor Wen of Han was found in BailuyuanJiang Village, Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province, shocked the archaeological community and brought the emperor back into people's field of vision more than 2,000 years ago.
The daughter of an illegitimate child entered the service of the King of Wei
Liu Heng was the fourth son of Liu Bang, the ancestor of Han Gao, and his mother Washime Bo. Bo Ji's father, Bo Ji,000, was originally from Wu Commandery (in present-day Suzhou, Jiangsu), and arrived in the State of Wei at the end of the Qin Dynasty, where he had an affair with Wei Mi, the daughter of the former Emperor of wei, and gave birth to a daughter, Bo Ji, and later a son, Bo Zhao.
Bo later returned to his hometown in Jiangnan, where he eventually died in Shanyin (in present-day Shaoxing, Zhejiang Province) and was buried there. Wei Mi, on the other hand, stayed alone in wei and raised a pair of children to grow up.
In the last year of the Qin Dynasty, various places rose up against Qin, and wei Bao, the former prince of the state of Wei, established himself as the king of Wei, and Wei Mi sent his daughter Bo Ji into the palace and became a concubine of the King of Wei.
It is said that Wei Mi had invited Xu Fu, a famous female chancellor at that time, to meet her daughter Bo Ji in the Wei palace. Xu Negative said that Bo Ji was very expensive in appearance and would be able to give birth to the Son of Heaven in the future.
These words reached the ears of Wei Wangbao, and he was overjoyed. However, Bo Ji did not give birth to a son and a half daughter for The Wei King Leopard.
The King of Wei was destroyed
In 206 BC, the Qin Dynasty fell. Xiang Yu returned to Pengcheng (彭城, in present-day Xuzhou, Jiangxi) and proclaimed himself the King of Western Chu. Liu Bang was made the King of Han and entered Hanzhong. Since then, the prelude to the Chu and Han dynasties has begun.
In March 205 BC, Liu Bang went out to attack the State of Chu, and when passing through The Jin Dynasty in Shanxi, Wei Bao led his army to surrender and followed Liu Bang all the way to the Chu capital Pengcheng.
At Pengcheng, Liu Bang suffered the biggest defeat since the beginning of the army, 560,000 Han troops were defeated by Xiang Yu's 30,000 Chu army in just half a day, his wife Lü Shi and his old father Liu Yu were captured, and only Liu Bang escaped with dozens of horses.
Wei Bao saw this situation and believed that Chu would win and Han would lose. Therefore, under the pretext of visiting relatives, he privately led his elite troops back to Hedong (present-day Yuncheng, Shanxi), cut off the Yellow River crossing, and betrayed Liu Bang. Soon after, he made peace with Xiang Yu.
When Liu Bang learned of this, he was furious and sent his generals Han Xin and Cao Shan to lead an army to attack Wei Bao, who was defeated and captured, and later killed by the Han general Zhou Jiao. All the palace people in the Wei palace were also captured in the Han army camp, and Bo Ji was sent to the palace weaving room to work every day weaving cloth.
Accidentally spoiled and had children
Among the captive Wei royal palace people, Lady Guan and Zhao Zi'er were little sisters who grew up with Bo Ji, and the three of them had agreed when they were young: "First of all, the nobles will not forget each other."
This is somewhat similar to the scene when Chen Shi cultivated in Longshang and agreed with his companions that "Gou rich and noble should not forget each other". It's just that such an agreement is never true.
Lady Guan and Zhao Zi'er were soon favored by Liu Bang because of their good looks, and they were also named beauties, and only Bo Ji herself suffered in the palace for many years.
In 203 BC, after Liu Bang recovered Chenggao (present-day Xingyang Shui town, Henan), one day he was idle, sitting on the Chenggao platform in the palace, accompanied by two beautiful people, Lady Guan and Zhao Zi'er, and the two talked about the agreement with Bo Ji in the past, and could not help but feel a little ridiculous.
Liu Bang asked in detail, and the two of them told them all the truth, and Liu Bang was a little sentimental after listening to it, remembering the cold reception and white eyes he had suffered when he was exiled to the city, and could not help but feel pity for Bo Ji.
So that night he summoned Bo Ji. Bo Ji was very clever, knowing that this summons was not easy to come by, saying that she just dreamed last night that the dragon was coiled on her stomach, Liu Bang was very happy to hear it, and said: "This is an auspicious omen for the eminent, I will promote this good thing for you." ”
This time, Bo Ji was pregnant. Soon after, Bo Ji gave birth to a son Liu Heng in Chenggaotai, a palace in Henan. Since then, she has rarely had the opportunity to see Liu Bang again. At this time, Liu Bang's attention was all on Qi Ji, who could sing and dance, and her son Liu Ruyi, who was born.
Liu Bang was called Emperor Fengdai
In 202 BC, Liu Bang fought a decisive battle with Xiang Yu at Xiaxia (垓下, in present-day Lingbinan, Anhui), and was embattled, and finally Xiang Yu was defeated and killed himself at Wujiang. The Chu-Han war ended there.
In February, Liu Bang held an enthronement ceremony at Dingtao, Shandong (present-day northern Cao County, Shandong), with the name of han and the historical title of Emperor Gao of Han. Lü Yan was made empress and Liu Ying was made crown prince.
Liu Bang initially made the capital Luoyang, and then, at the suggestion of Lou Jing, the capital was Chang'an (present-day Xi'an, Shaanxi), east of Xianyang, taking the meaning of long-term peace and stability.
Liu Bang had a total of eight sons, all of whom were successively crowned kings, four of whom were made kings. Compared with other brothers, daiguo has the smallest territory, and is also a major area on the northern border, often harassed by the Xiongnu, poor and partial, it can be said that it is the worst place, which shows that Bo Ji's mother and son have a rather low sense of existence in Liu Bang.
And Lady Qi's third son, Liu Ruyi, Liu Bangbei was fond of, and several times wanted to make him crown prince, but due to the strong opposition of the chancellor and Empress Lü, coupled with the strategy of leaving Marquis Zhang Liang, he finally had to give up.
Liu Ruyi was named the King of Zhao, and the Zhao kingdom was a good place with a wide area, rich economy, fertile land, and a suitable climate.
Compared with the two, the treatment of Bo Ji's mother and son and Lady Qi's mother and son is really very different.
He went with his son to rule the country on behalf of the country
In 195 BC, Liu Bang died in Changle Palace, and the crown prince Liu Ying succeeded to the throne as Emperor Hui of Han, and Lü Hou was in charge of the dynasty. Liu Bang's other sons went to the fiefdoms one after another, but the concubines that Liu Bang favored during his lifetime were all ordered by Lü Hou to be imprisoned in the palace.
Only Bo Ji, because she had been snubbed by Liu Bang for many years, was able to follow her 9-year-old son Liu Heng to the fiefdom and became the empress dowager of the daidi. Bo Ji's younger brother Bo Zhao also followed dai di and assisted Liu Heng in governing the dai state.
Bo Ji followed her son Liu Heng in the Daiguo and stayed for 15 years. During this period, Liu Heng also grew from a 9-year-old child to a 24-year-old sage king. In the daiguo, he rested with the people, developed production, led by courtesy and frugality, and governed the daiguo in an orderly manner.
Moreover, Liu Heng was also very filial to his mother. Once Bo Ji fell seriously ill and could not afford to be ill, Liu Heng waited at the side day and night, personally tasting medicine for his mother, and this story was later widely circulated and became one of the "Twenty-Four Filial Pieties" in China.
The sons of the spoiled concubines suffered bad luck
In the 15 years that Bo Ji's mother and son lived in peace and stability on behalf of guoan, the fate of Chang'an Han Palace and Liu Bang's other sons changed dramatically.
First of all, Lady Qi, who was most favored by Liu Bang, was ordered by Lü Hou to be locked up in the Yong Alley of the palace, shaving her hair, bringing torture equipment, putting on a prison uniform, and working as a coolie for scooping rice all day long. Soon after, her son Liu Ruyi was also summoned back from the Zhao state by Lü Hou and poisoned to death with wine.
After getting rid of Liu Ruyi, Lü Hou ordered someone to cut off Lady Qi's hands and feet, goug out her eyes, smoke deaf ears, drink dumb medicine, and put her in the toilet, calling her a human being. He also invited his son Liu Ying, the Emperor hui of Han, to watch.
When Liu Ying, who was weak in nature, learned that it was Lady Qi, she couldn't help but cry bitterly and sent someone to tell Lü Hou that "this is not a human act" also. After that, he was ill.
In 188 BC, Liu Ying died at the age of 24 and served as emperor for only 7 years. Emperor Xiaohui was buried in Anling.
After Emperor Hui's death, in the following 8 years, Lü Hou successively established two small emperors and the former Shao Emperor of the Western Han Dynasty and the Later Shao Emperor Liu Hong, because Lü Hou was in power, and the history is called Lü Hou for eight years.
Almost none of Liu Bang's other sons escaped their doom. The third son, Liu Ruyi, was poisoned, and the fifth son, Liu Hui, committed suicide. The sixth son, Liu You, was imprisoned and starved to death, and the eighth son, Liu Jian, died of illness in 15 years after being the King of Yan, and the son born to his concubine was killed by Lü Hou's men, thus exterminating his heir and abolishing the feudal state.
The eldest son, Liu Fei, was also nearly poisoned, and was spared by dedicating Chengyang Commandery to Princess Lu yuan, who was born to Lü Hou as Tang Muyi, and died four years after fleeing back to the fiefdom of Qi.
Only the seventh son, Liu Chang, had been raised by Lü Hou because he had lost his mother at an early age, and had not been persecuted until the time of Emperor Wen of Han.
Yingli became the emperor and created a prosperous world
In 180 BC, Lü Hou died. Chen Ping, the chancellor, zhou bo the prince, and Liu Zhang, the grandson of Liu Bang, joined forces to destroy the Lü clan, believing that the young emperor Liu Hong, who was created by Lü Hou, was not a descendant of Emperor Hui of Han, and deposed him.
After some selection and evaluation, the people decided to welcome Liu Heng, the acting king, to inherit the throne. After Liu Heng succeeded to the throne in Chang'an, he welcomed his mother into Beijing the following year, and Bo Ji was also renamed empress dowager from Empress Wang.
Liu Heng was emperor for 23 years, practicing frugality, exerting great efforts to govern, building water conservancy, reducing taxes, and recuperating with the people. After years of meticulous governance, the country has finally become strong and prosperous, the people are well-off, and the first "rule of culture and scenery" in China's history has been opened.
In the seventh year of the Later Yuan Dynasty (157 BC), Liu Heng died in Weiyang Palace, with the temple name Taizong and emperor Xiaowen, and was buried in Baling. Crown Prince Liu Qi succeeded to the throne as Emperor Jing of Han.
Two years after the death of Emperor Wen of Han, in the second year of the First Yuan Dynasty (155 BC, the second year of Emperor Jing of Han), Bo Ji died, and was not buried in the Changling Tomb where Lü Hou and Han Gaozu were buried together, but in the south of Emperor Wen of Han's Tomb, and another mausoleum was built for the South Tomb, forever with his son.
The Tomb of Emperor Wen of Han was finally discovered after more than two thousand years, allowing people to re-recognize and understand the story of the mother and son, perhaps there is providence in the underworld.
The picture comes from the Internet, invaded and deleted.
References: "Shi Ji", "Book of Han", "Shi Ji Suo Yin"