Sidu Chishui was a campaign of the Central Red Army against the Kuomintang army in the Chishui River Valley at the junction of Guizhou, Sichuan, and Yunnan provinces during the Long March of the Central Red Army, and it was also the first campaign action commanded by Chairman Mao of the Zunyi Conference after he entered the core of decision-making.
Tucheng Town, Xishui County, Guizhou Province, was the place where the Red Army crossed the Red River.
In late January 1935, Chiang Kai-shek asked Liu Xiang to send three divisions into Qian to block the Red Army, and Liu Xiang first sent Liao Ze's brigade into Qian, but Chiang Kai-shek was not satisfied and asked Liu Xiang to send two more divisions.
In Xishui, Guo Xunqi received a secret telegram from Liu Xiang, informing him that the main force of the Red Army was pointing at Chishui and asking him to act quickly to contain the main force of the Red Army into Sichuan.
At dawn on January 28, Peng Dehuai of the Third Army of the Central Red Army and Dong Zhentang of the Fifth Army launched an attack on the Sichuan army that was closely chasing after them at Qingbanpo in Tucheng, Xishui County, and by about 10 a.m., the enemy showed no sign of collapse.
Due to the erroneous estimation and judgment of the enemy's strength and terrain in advance, the Red Army's encirclement network was in danger of being broken, and the enemy army was once forced to advance, only a few tens of meters away from the command post where Chairman Mao was sitting!
At the moment of extreme crisis, commander-in-chief Zhu De personally went to the front line and threw himself into the last reserve force, Chen Geng's cadre regiment, to stabilize the position, and in the evening, with the help of Lin Biao's first army, the Third and Fifth Armies of the Red Army withdrew from the battle, avoiding greater losses.
The Battle of Qingbanpo is also known as "the highest level of battle in the history of the People's Army". Chairman Mao and Deng Xiaoping, the core of the party's leadership for two generations, Chairman Mao, Liu Shaoqi, and Yang Shangkun, the three presidents of the Republic of China, Zhou Enlai, one premier of the State Council, Peng Dehuai, Lin Biao, Ye Jianying, Geng Biao, and Zhang Aiping, five ministers of national defense, and 7 of the ten marshals and more than 200 founding generals all took part in the battle.
Finally, in view of the change in the situation, Chairman Mao immediately withdrew from the battle, and the Red Army abandoned the plan to cross the Yangtze River directly to the north, kicking off the prelude to the four crossings of Chishui.
In order to avoid the strong enemy, the Red Army adopted a roundabout advance strategy, and in the early morning of January 29, it crossed the Chishui River from Tucheng to the west, entered the Suyong and Gulin areas in southern Sichuan, and then looked for an opportunity to cross the Yangtze River in the north.
The Kuomintang heavily defended the Border of Sichuan and Qian and blockaded the Yangtze River. At this time, Chairman Mao judged that most of the main force of Chiang Kai-shek's army had been attracted to this place by the Red Army, and there was an emptiness in the strength of the troops in northern Qianbei, and the Red Army could unexpectedly fight back. The Red Army immediately abandoned the crossing of the river, and in mid-to-late February, it crossed the Chishui River at Erlangtan and Taiping to return to Guizhou, launched the Zunyi Campaign, reoccupied Loushan Pass, Zunyi and other places, and won the biggest victory since the Long March.
Crossing the Chishui River twice in one month fully reflects chairman Mao's tactical maneuverability and flexibility.
Crossing the Red Water three or four times is completely taking the initiative to let the enemy go around in circles.
Virtual and real, sound east and west, adjust the tiger away from the mountain, the golden cicada shed its shell... These combat elements, which contain Chinese military wisdom, are vividly reflected in the Four Crossings of Chishui. The Red Army crossed the Chishui River four times in 3 months, jumped out of the enemy's encirclement and blockade, achieved its strategic purpose, and wrote a miracle in the history of world war.
After crossing the Red River four times, the commanders and fighters of the Red Army recognized chairman Mao's military strategy as unparalleled in the party.
Guo Xunqi's performance in the Battle of Qingbanpo was extremely satisfactory to Liu Xiang and promoted him to the rank of model division commander.
At the beginning of 1938, after the beginning of the Anti-Japanese War, Guo Xunqi was promoted to the commander of the Fifty Army, under the jurisdiction of the 144th Division, the 145th Division, and the New 7th Division. His military headquarters was in Qingyangmu Town, southern Anhui Province, only 50 kilometers away from Yunling, the headquarters of the New Fourth Army.
During the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, New News published an interview with Guo Xunqi
Chen Yi, the leader of a detachment of the New Fourth Army, took Yuan Guoping, director of the military's political department, on foot to see Guo Xunqi and stayed for three or four days.
In April 1938, Guo Xunqi attacked the Japanese 116th Division in Wuhu and asked the three detachments of the New Fourth Army to cooperate in the operation, and as a thank you, he gave the three detachments of the New Fourth Army 30,000 rounds of ammunition and 1,000 sets of military uniforms. In May, Guo Xunqi led his troops to capture Mantou Mountain, covered the advance of two artillery regiments in the three theaters to the Yangtze River, shelled Japanese warships, and sank and wounded more than 70 Japanese transport ships.
At the beginning of July, the Japanese army landed at the qianjiangkou of Anqing, and Guo Xunqi led the 144th Division to fight fiercely on the 2nd, killing and wounding more than 350 Japanese troops, so that the Japanese army withdrew from the Qianjiangkou area. Then, on the orders of the Third Theater, he went to Mei Terrier to encircle and annihilate the Japanese army, and after five days and five nights of fierce fighting, repelled the Japanese army, was commended, and was promoted to deputy commander-in-chief of the Twenty-third Army and commander of the Fifty Army.
In the Three Gorges Museum, Guo Xunqi captured the Japanese sakura battle knife
Later, Chiang Kai-shek dismissed Guo Xunqi simply because he was unwilling to aim the muzzle of his enemy's guns at his friendly New Fourth Army.
In 1946, Guo Xunqi served as the chief of the 26 officers in Chongqing, responsible for demobilizing the remaining officers after the end of the War of Resistance. In 1948, Kang Ze was appointed commander of the 15th Appeasement District of the Nationalist Army, and his three brigades were all Sichuan Troops, and he had no connection with him. He wanted a general who could fight to be his deputy, and Chiang Kai-shek appointed Guo Xunqi.
At noon on July 15, 1948, General Wang Jinshan, the frontline commander of the Xiangyang siege operation and the commander of the Erye Six Columns, contrary to the historical practice of attacking Xiangyang City, must first attack the south gate built on the mountain, and concentrated his firepower on the west gate where the Kuomintang was weakly guarded. After several hours of fighting, the 12th Brigade and the 28th Brigade of the Sixth Column each broke through the defensive line of Xiangyang City and ascended to the head of the city. After the main force of the sixth column entered the city, it quickly divided and surrounded the Nationalist defenders. By 10:00 a.m. on the 16th, Xiangyang City was already under control. Kang Ze, commander of the 15th Appeasement District, hid in a tunnel and was captured by the PLA on the afternoon of July 16. Guo Xunqi, the deputy commander suspected of "defection" by Kang Ze, had been directing the battle in the bunker where the headquarters was located, until he was blown up by the explosives of the People's Liberation Army.
When Liu Bocheng heard the news, the special telegram escorted Guo Xunqi to the Political Department of the Central Plains Military Region stationed in Henan, Guo Xunqi called back to thank him, the translator only scratched his head with the telegram, Liu Bocheng asked what was going on, and the translator said, "In front of this is written the names of No. 1 and No. 2, and there is also a brother Zhonghong, I don't know who it is." Chen Yi next to him laughed: "Zhonghong, Chen Yiye, Chen Yi, the word Zhonghong, the telegram to me." As soon as Guo Xunqi arrived, Commander Erye Liu Bocheng, Erye First Deputy Commander Chen Yi and Erye Deputy Political Commissar Zhang Jichun, Enemy Minister of Industry Yang Songqing, and Minister of Security Liu Binglin went to his residence to see him and tell the story of their old feelings. Half a month later, Chen Yi asked Guo Xunqi what he wanted to do in the future. Guo Xunqi said, I think well, or go back to Sichuan to carry out rebellion, although there are risks, but I have many old friends, many relationships, and it should be no problem to appear and say that it should be no problem.
After discussion, the Erye leadership agreed to Guo Xunqi's request and studied specific working methods together with the Ministry of Enemy Works and the Ministry of Security.
Guo Xunqi later carried out counterinsurgency work in Chengdu, openly saying that he had been sent by the Erye Enemy Works Department to declare war on the Communist Party's policy to his classmates and comrades-in-arms, including Liu Muqun, commander of the Nanjing Air Force trainer plane, Jin Zhensheng, the presidential field inspector, Yang Xuyun, senior counselor of the Central China Suppression Campaign, and Xiong Kewu, Liu Wenhui, Deng Xihou, Pan Wenhua, Chen Li, Yang Jiajiao, Yan Xiaohu, and other generals of the Sichuan Army, which contributed to the peaceful liberation of Chengdu.
After the founding of the People's Republic of China, Guo Xunqi successively served as a member of the Sichuan Provincial People's Government and deputy director of the Department of Communications, deputy director of the Sichuan Provincial Water Conservancy Department, deputy director of the Provincial Sports Commission, and deputy to the Provincial People's Congress, and died of illness in Chengdu in 1959 at the age of 64. (Liu Jixing)