Foreword: The founding general Huang Kecheng is often jokingly called "yellow blind" because of his high myopia, in fact, Huang Kecheng is not only not blind, but a strategist with high political foresight. Toward the end of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, Huang Kecheng was the first person to propose that he should seize the opportunity of sending troops to the northeast to seize the opportunity. In a telegram to the Party Central Committee entitled "Opinions on the Present Situation and Military Policy," he suggested that troops should be sent to the northeast immediately, and that as many as possible should be sent "at least 50,000 people, and it would be best to go to 100,000 people."
Schematic map of our army's advance into the northeast
Chairman Mao attached great importance to Huang Kecheng's opinion and instructed on August 29, 1945: "Cadres and troops prepared to be sent to the three eastern provinces of Jin-Cha-Ji and Shandong should set off quickly." ”
According to the instructions of Chairman Mao and the central authorities, the troops successively sent to the northeast by our army were: the main force of the Shandong Military Region of the Eighth Route Army; the main force of the Luzhong, Binhai, Jiaodong, and Bohai Military Sub-districts; the 3rd Division of the New Fourth Army; the Jinreliao Troops, and the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region. In addition, there are many local cadres.
First, the first troop to reach the northeast was only more than 100 people, sent by Xu Shiyou of the Jiaodong Military Region; then Commander Zeng Kelin of Jicha Reliao also led a large organized force to Shenyang.
1. Lü Qi'en and Zou Dapeng, in accordance with the instructions of Xu Shiyou of the Jiaodong Branch Bureau, quickly led more than 100 people to cross the sea from Yantai to Liaodong with a radio, at this time they found that the Soviet Red Army had occupied only a few large and medium-sized cities, and the small cities and townships were blank.
Lucien
After the founding of New China,
Lü Qi'en successively served as secretary of the Andong Provincial Party Committee, director of the organization department of the party committee of the Shenyang Municipal Party Committee, and mayor of Harbin; Zou Dapeng
He was appointed by the State Council as the first director of the General Intelligence Administration and executive vice minister of the Central Investigation Department.
2. At about the same time, Zeng Kelin, commander of the 16th Military Subdistrict of Jichareliao, also led 3 regiments with a total of more than 6,000 troops to the vicinity of Shenyang.
The unit led by Zeng Kelin was the first Chinese communist force to enter the northeast in an established and large number
They also reported similar intelligence to the Party Central Committee, which was so important that it accelerated the speed and intensity of the Central Committee's dispatch of troops to the northeast.
After liberation, Zeng klin served as commander of naval aviation, and in 55 years he was awarded the rank of rear admiral of the Air Force.
Major General Zeng Kelin
Lü Qien's small unit and Zeng Kelin's troops were said to be the first Chinese communist unit to enter the northeast. Now, in terms of time, of course, Lü Qi'en arrived first, but from the perspective of the formed troops, Zeng Kelin's troops were the first.
Zhou Baozhong and his "Soviet 88th Brigade", although small in number, played a very important role during the entry of the Soviet Red Army into the northeast.
After the defeat of the Northeast Anti-Japanese Alliance, the leader Zhou Baozhong retreated into the Soviet Union with his troops, and he reorganized the troops into the Anti-Japanese League Teaching Brigade, which was called the "Independent 88th Infantry Brigade of the Red Banner Army of the Soviet Union in the Far East", referred to as the 88th Brigade, with Zhou Baozhong as the brigade commander.
Zhou Baozhong
The brigade had a total of 1500 people, including 643 anti-coalition commanders and fighters (the rest were Soviet officers and soldiers), organized into 4 infantry battalions, Kim Il became the commander of the first battalion, and the cadres of the 88th Brigade were awarded Soviet ranks.
After the Soviet Union declared war on Japan on August 8, 1945, the mission of the 88th Brigade was as follows:
1. Accompanied by the Soviet army to occupy the strategic points of the northeast, served as the deputy commander of the Soviet garrison in various cities, and helped the Soviet Red Army maintain order and eliminate the remnants of the enemy; 2. Establish Party organizations and carry out mass movements; The establishment of popular armed forces outside the main soviet occupation areas.
Lieutenant General Zhou Bao formed a group of 4 anti-coalition fighter cadres, carrying radio and weapons to cooperate with the Soviet operations. Later, the Anti-Japanese Coalition was divided into 57 groups, established party organizations at all levels in various parts of the northeast, and developed armed forces, which grew to more than 40,000 people in the two months from September to October, and the troops were also renamed the "Northeast People's Self-Defense Army".
After Peng Zhen, secretary of the Northeast Bureau, arrived in Shenyang to receive Zhou Baozhong and others, he unified the leading relations between the various units in the northeast and the party, and the 88th Brigade was abolished.
Therefore, some people say that Zhou Baozhong's 88th Brigade was the first unit to enter the northeast.
However, Zhou Baozhong's entry into the northeast was not arranged by the central authorities, but by the Soviet Red Army. After liberation, Zhou Baozhong served as vice chairman of the Yunnan Provincial People's Government and other important positions.
Third, the troops of the Shandong Military Region have mobilized on a large scale and in large numbers, and they have become the main force entering the northeast.
On September 20, 1945, after receiving instructions from the central authorities to march into the northeast, Luo Ronghuan quickly mobilized more than 60,000 troops of the Eighth Route Army in the Shandong Military Region and personally led them to the northeast in batches.
Luo Ronghuan was awarded the title of founding marshal in 1955
The troops of more than 60,000 people mainly include: part of the units directly under the military region, the 1st Division, the 2nd Division, the 3rd Division, part of the 5th Division, the 6th Division, the 7th Division, and each part of the main forces belonging to the Luzhong Military Region, the Binhai Military Region, the Jiaodong Military Region, and the Bohai Naval Region.
1. The 1st Division of the Shandong Military Region, which later developed into the 1st Division of the 1st Column of the Northeast Field Army, was reorganized into the 112th Division of the 38th Army of the Fourth Field Army. Division commander Liang Xingchu successively served as the commander of the Tenth Column of the Northeast Field Army, the commander of the 47th Army of the Fourth Field Army, and the commander of the 38th Army, and was later awarded the rank of lieutenant general.
Liang Xing Junior General
2. The 2nd Division of the Shandong Military Region, which was later developed into the 2nd Division of the 1st Column of the Northeast Field Army, was later reorganized into the 113th Division of the 38th Army of the Fourth Field Army. Division commander Luo Huasheng later served as the commander of the 152nd Division of the 39th Army of the Fourth Field Army, and was awarded the rank of major general.
Major General Luo Huasheng
3. The 3rd Division of the Shandong Military Region, which later developed into the 3rd Column 7th Division of the Northeast Field Army, was later reorganized into the 118th Division of the 40th Army of the Fourth Field Army. Hu Qicai, deputy division commander, successively served as deputy commander of the 4th Column of the Northeast Field Army and deputy commander of the 41st Army of the Fourth Field Army, and was awarded the rank of lieutenant general.
Lieutenant General Hu Qicai
4. The 5th Division (only the 14th and 15th Regiments entered the northeast), later developed into the 12th Division of the 4th Column of the Northeast Field Army, and was reorganized into the 123rd Division of the 41st Army of the Fourth Field Army in February 1949. Division commander Wu Kehua successively served as the commander of the 4th Column of the Northeast Field Army and the commander of the 41st Army of the Fourth Field Army, and was awarded the rank of lieutenant general.
Lieutenant General Wu Kehua
5. The 6th Division was later developed into the 10th Division of the 4th Column of the Northeast Field Army, which was later reorganized into the 121st Division of the 41st Army of the Fourth Field Army. Deputy Division Commander Cai Zhengguo successively served as commander of the 10th Division of the Fourth Column of the Northeast Field Army, commander of the 121st Division of the 41st Army, and deputy commander of the 40th Army. Cai Zhengguo was killed in the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea at the age of 44.
Cai Zhengguo
6. The 7th Division was later developed into the 17th Division of the 6th Column of the Northeast Field Army, which was later reorganized into the 128th Division of the 43rd Army of the Fourth Field Army. Division commander Yang Guofu successively served as deputy commander of the 6th Column of the Northeast Field Army and deputy commander of the 43rd Army of the Fourth Field Army, and was later awarded the rank of lieutenant general.
Lieutenant General Yang Guofu
7. The troops of the Luzhong Military Region led by Luo Shunchu and a group of local cadres advanced into the northeast in November 1945 to establish a base area. Luo Shunchu was known as the "Whirlwind Brave General" and was awarded the title of Founding Lieutenant General in 1955.
Luo Shun Junior General
Although Huang Kecheng was farther away from the northeast and received instructions later, he entered the northeast faster.
On September 23, 1945, Huang Kecheng received an order from the central government to march into the northeast, and it took him only two months to bring 35,000 people from the Third Division of the New Fourth Army from northern Jiangsu to Jinzhou via Shandong, Hebei, Rehe and other provinces on November 25.
Founding General Huang Kecheng
At that time, the 3rd Division of the New Fourth Army had four brigades under its command: the 7th, 8th, 10th and Independent Brigades.
1. Brigade Commander Peng Mingzhi of the Seventh Brigade,
after
He was appointed deputy commander and chief of staff of the 13th Corps of the Four Field Army and participated in the battles of Sibao Linjiang and Pingjin, and after the founding of New China, he served as the deputy commander of the Guangxi Military Region.
He was awarded the rank of lieutenant general in 1955
2. Zhang Tianyun, commander of the 8th Brigade,
Later, he served as deputy commander of the 8th Column of the Northeast Field Army and deputy commander of the 45th Army of the Fourth Field Army.
He was awarded the rank of lieutenant general in 1955.
3. Zhong Wei, the commander of the Tenth Brigade, was the most famous of the four brigade commanders, the strongest in the war, but the lowest in rank.
He was awarded the founding major general in 1955
4. Brigade Commander Wu Xinquan of the Independent Brigade.
In addition to division commander Huang Kecheng and four brigade commanders, the 3rd Division later produced a number of famous generals such as Liu Zhen and Hong Xuezhi.
Wan Yi (who had been Zhang Xueliang's aide-de-camp) led the Shandong Binhai detachment of more than 3,000 people, and after arriving in the northeast, he served as the commander of the first column, the seventh column and the fifth column, and was later awarded the founding lieutenant general.
The Coastal Detachment, the Advancing Northeast Column led by Wan Yi, had 4 main regiments and 3306 men. The reason why it is isolated is because it is relatively independent of other troops in Shandong.
Lieutenant General Wan Yi
Sixth, the troops of the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region and the troops of other localities also sent their own forces that they could send out at that time.
1. There are more than 10,000 troops in the 359th Brigade of the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region, the 1st Garrison Brigade, the 2nd Brigade of Teaching, as well as the Yan'an Anti-Japanese Military and Political University and the Yan'an Artillery School.
The troops of the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia jurisdiction entered the northeast led by Xiao Jinguang, who was awarded the rank of general in 55 years.
General Xiao Jinguang
2. The three base areas of Jinsui, Jizhong and Jiluyu also sent 1 regiment each into the northeast.
The troops sent to the northeast by the Jinsui Military Region were led by Lü Zhengcao, who was awarded the rank of general in 55 years.
The troops sent to the northeast totaled more than 110,000 people.
In addition, About 20,000 party, government, and military cadres were also sent to Yan'an and the liberated areas, and they also successively entered the northeast to participate in the construction of democratic political power in the northeast.
Lin Biao and Luo Ronghuan relied on these troops to finally win the Liaoshen Campaign and win the victory in the whole northeast
Conclusion: In this competition to send troops to the northeast, although Chiang Kai-shek had modern means of transport such as aircraft and warships, as well as the full support of the US military, he still lost in the end. Why? First, many people in the Kuomintang army at that time were tired of fighting civil wars; second, the Communists had stronger ideals and stronger execution.