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Since the great victory of Salhu, Nurhaci did not stop the pace of conquest against Ming, but took the two major military towns of Kaiyuan and Tieling with a single blow, and then annexed yehebu of the four parts of Hulun under the pressure of the army.
At this moment, not only has the entire Jurchen dynasty completed the real sense of unification, but also looking at the entire Liaodong, only the two cities of Liaoyang and Shenyang are isolated.
Therefore, for Nurhaci, the capture of Liaoshen meant that the entire Liaodong region had to bend to the rule of its own "Later Jin regime", so that the desire to move the capital to Liaodong was just around the corner.
After the defeat at the Battle of Salhu, the Ming Dynasty sent Xiong Tingbi, who was a civilian official, to Liaodong in June of that year to replace Yang Hao, in an attempt to reverse the situation in Liaodong at that time with the power of Xiong. Xiong Tingbi did not live up to the expectations of the public, and after losing the "Kai iron barrier", he stationed the main force in Liaoyang, with Liaoyang as the military center, taking into account Shenyang, and at the same time gradually extended his strength to the Kaitie area, trying to "
Step by step
"The strategy of recovering the whole of Liaodong. But this strategic layout is ultimately needed
Built on a certain time and economic foundation
This was naturally difficult to accept for the Long-corrupt Ming Dynasty at that time, so during the Ming Dynasty, Xiong Tingbi was squeezed out of power by the "castration party" clique due to various factors, and was replaced by Yuan Yingtai, who had slightly mediocre military talent.
Map of the Attack of the Later Jin Forces (Arrow)
Since Yuan Yingtai was a little bit of Liaodong, he has greatly "learned" the lesson of Xiong Tingbi's impeachment by the officials above the court, and has become more relaxed than Xiong Tingbi in terms of holding the law, so as to avoid unnecessary remarks. Strategically, it adopted the exact opposite route to Xiong Tingbi, greedily and aggressively, and stationed heavy troops in the areas of Fushun and Qinghe fort, which had been conquered by Nurhaci before the outbreak of the Battle of Salhu, with the intention of waiting for the opportunity to move eastward, which was undoubtedly in line with the victory mentality of the Ming rulers, and successfully won the favor of everyone in the court, who believed that the situation in Liaodong would not be stable for long under Yuan Yingtai's economic planning. However, it should be noted that Yuan Yingtai's strategic deployment was really a dangerous move, the area around Fushun and Qinghe was too far away from the second city of Liaoshen, and once Nurhaci suddenly swung his division south and bypassed Fushun to take Liaoshen directly, the heavy troops around Fushun would be in a state of unreachable relief to Liaoshen, which could indirectly lead to the ming generals stationed in Liaoshen's second city falling into a deep death. Once Liaoshen fell, the Ming army around Fushun was completely reduced to Nurhaci's "dumplings", and at this time, nurhaci led the Eight Banners To return to the division to attack Fushun. With such a layout, can yan be undefeated?
Military geography map of Liaodong in the Ming Dynasty (reference)
Sure enough, in 1621 (the first year of the Apocalypse), Nurhaci took advantage of the opportunity brought by the Ming Dynasty's Yi generals to personally lead the Eight Banners cavalry to attack the Ming Dynasty and take the lead in taking Shenyang. After conquering Shenyang, the firearm resources obtained from Shenyang were used to bombard Liaoyang in turn. Because Liaoyang City had previously become indestructible under Xiong Tingbi's management, Nurhachi pretended to lead his army to capture Shanhaiguan to attract the Ming army to plan and go out to fight, and was eventually annihilated by the Eight Banners soldiers who were good at field warfare, resulting in liaoyang city being conquered. Compared with Shenyang, the geographical location of Liaoyang City is more advantageous.
It can be connected to Mongolia to the west and Korea to the east.
In terms of the Ming Dynasty, since the establishment of the Ming Empire, it was not long before the Liaodong Capital Command and Envoy Division was set up in Liaoyang, making Liaoyang once an important town of military, cultural and commercial integration in the entire northeast region of the Ming Dynasty. so
As the supreme ruler of the Later Jin regime, why didn't Nurhaci ultimately set the capital at Liaoyang?
On this question, the author will give readers and friends a detailed answer in this article.
Ming Dynasty Liaoyang Humanities Map
The research content of this article:
For Nurhaci, who began to lead the army to fight at the age of 25, the strategic position of Liaoyang City was naturally clear in his mind, and there was no doubt about it. In fact, Nurhaci also placed the capital in Liaoyang, but after only four years, he finally moved to Shenyang. So, what is Nurhaci's move?
First of all, we may wish to understand the city of Liaoyang. Throughout history, it is not difficult to find that
Liaoyang is actually the earliest developed city in the entire northeast region, and its history is relatively the longest (more than 2,400 years). Its strategic position naturally needless to say, any dynasty that is destined to be in Beijing will regard it as an important line of defense outside Shanhaiguan, and the Ming Dynasty needs to prevent the invasion of the two major forces of Mongolia and Jurchen, so it attaches more importance to the important town of Liaoyang than other dynasties.
At the same time, during the Ming Dynasty,
Geographically, Liaoyang City was precisely between the three major forces of Mongolia, Li Dynasty Korea and the Ming Dynasty, and based on a relatively advanced farming economy, Liaoyang City developed into the most developed city in the entire northeast region at that time.
This is also an important reason why Nurhaci spent several years staring at Liaoyang, because in his view, only by attacking Liaoyang could he realize the wish of leading the army to directly attack the Ming Emperor of Shanhaiguan for a while, and at the same time, he could further promote the development of the agricultural economy of the "Later Jin", after all, compared with the original hunter-gatherer economy, the farming economy was more in line with the development of the times at that time.
Refer to the map
However, Nurhaci's four years in the capital of Liaoyang made him quite troubled.
Compared with ruling and managing a small Hetuala City, facing such a huge Liaoyang City made Nurhaci seem a little confused about "where to start", so with both excitement and nervousness, all the Eight Banners moved to Liaoyang under his leadership. However, a series of unrest caused by the mixed residence of the Jurchens and the Han people in Liaoyang City caused Nurhaci a lot of headaches. As a leading figure among the Jurchens,
Nurhaci had to suppress the local Han people in disguise in order to consolidate his position in order to protect the interests of the Jurchens, but this also directly stimulated the resistance of the Han people in Liaoyang City
This made the Han people at that time clearly realize that the post-Jin regime was not much better than the Ming rulers, so the contradiction between the Han and the Jurchens was heating up day by day. Eventually, under various pressures, Nurhaci had to abandon Liaoyang and move the capital to Shenyang, which was only half the size of Liaoyang at that time.
Pictures of the Imperial Palace in Shenyang
This move is Nurhaci's deep realization that it is impossible to "eat a fat man in one bite", and although he can capture Liaoyang with his current ability, it is very difficult to truly "digest" this huge Liaoyang City. Instead of this, it was better to take a step back and move the capital to Shenyang, so, with this purpose, Nurhaci finally set the capital in Shenyang. Compared with Liaoyang, Shenyang City also makes Nurhaci feel more secure, because it is closer to his hometown Hetuala City, and it belongs to the Hun River Valley with Hetuala City, which is more intimate.
On the other hand, because the Mongol forces in the west and the Li Korean forces in the east were largely dependent on the Ming Empire, when they were in Liaoyang City, they had to divide the troops and deploy these two forces, coupled with a major force of the Ming Dynasty, so that the Eight Banners soldiers had to be stationed in three ways, which was undoubtedly weakening the combat effectiveness of the Eight Banners soldiers. In the end, for various reasons, Nurhacili moved the capital to Shenyang.
Map of Western Liaoning
epilogue:
Facts proved that Nurhaci's decision was correct, and in terms of military strategy, Shenyang was the center of control over the entire Liaodong, laying a solid foundation for the next step of capturing Western Liaoning. At the same time, this move also alleviated the contradictions between the Manchus and han Chinese, promoted cohesion within the Jurchens, and brought new opportunities and challenges to the further development of the Later Jin regime.
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bibliography:
History of the Ming Dynasty
Records of Emperor Wu of the Qing Dynasty
Wei Huanxin: "A Brief Analysis of the Reasons why Jin Moved the Capital to Liaoyang and Then Moved to Shenyang"
Zhao Yadi: The Significance of Nurhaci's Move to Liaoyang