What is history: it is the echo of the past to the future, the reflection of the future on the past. - Hugo
A traitor (commonly known as a traitor) is a person who betrays the motherland, betrays the interests of the country to the enemy country, and reaches a very serious level. For example, assisting foreign countries to overthrow their own governments or seriously infringing on or betraying their own interests, or encouraging foreign countries to declare war on their own countries, and so on.
It does not mean that a traitor can be a traitor if he is disloyal to the country and betrays him, that is, the traitor is not who wants to be worthy. Acts of treason that are not very serious in harming the country may not be worthy of the title of traitor.
Although the Chinese nation is in the process of constant integration (and the world is the same), sometimes moderately integrated, sometimes brutally and bloodily integrated, this does not prevent the determination of traitorous acts: an act should be judged by its time and place, not by the situation after that.
In the modern and modern history of feudal autocracy in China, traitors were relatively prosperous. The emperor Shi Jingyao was very famous, and he betrayed yanyun sixteen states to the Liao state at once. The Song Dynasty produced the famous traitors Zhao Zhuo and Qin Juniper; the Ming Dynasty made progress in this regard, both in quality and quantity, over the Song Dynasty: Hong Chengzu, Wu Sangui, Kong Youde, Geng Jingzhong, and so on; the Qing Dynasty compared with the previous two dynasties, in this regard, it was also the yangtze River after the wave that urged the front wave, and the blue out of the blue was better than the blue, I will not list it specifically.
However, if you look forward, that is, look at the ancient times, you will find that it is really not easy to find a traitor. For example, in the Han Dynasty, although between the Han Dynasty and the Xiongnu, there were often people who surrendered and surrendered, but there were really no people who seriously harmed the interests of the country. At that time, many Xiongnu surrendered to the Han Dynasty, and there were also some people in the Han Dynasty who surrendered to the Xiongnu, such as Li Ling, the grandson of the Fei general Li Guang, Zhao Baonu, the Marquis of Huanye, and so on. Li Ling had not contributed much to the Xiongnu, and so had Zhao Baonu. In fact, they were still very attached to the motherland in their hearts, and Zhao Punu later found an opportunity to run back to the Han Dynasty, and Li Ling refused to return to the Han Dynasty because he was killed by Liu Che at the gate and did not want to go back to face it, but he was always depressed and unhappy, and also killed Li Xu, the Han general who helped the Xiongnu train troops. At the same time, there are also han envoys Tou Wu's ancient flowing fangs.
So, who was the first traitor in Chinese history? After studying for half a day, I finally found one, of course, this is only a family statement, not an authoritative conclusion.
According to this article, the first traitor in Chinese history was the famous empress dowager of King You of Zhou, the Marquis of Shen.
Judging from the historical records, King Youwang of Zhou was a famous Emperor Ofe, who not only reused his father and ate, drank, and had fun, but also did two things that led to his death and the destruction of the country:
The first is the famous Beacon Theatre Princes. In order to beat the woman she loved, she smiled and lit a beacon without the invasion of foreign enemies. This beacon fire is not trivial, because the King of Zhou and the princes have an agreement, if there is a foreign invasion and the capital is in danger, the beacon fire will be lit, and the princes of all walks of life must raise troops to serve the king (the king of Qin means rescue). At that time, the Zhou royal family ruled the world with faith, righteousness, benevolence, and morality, and the princes of the world also kept it with faith and righteousness. Seeing the wolf smoke soaring into the sky, the princes of all walks of life immediately gathered their armies and galloped to the aid of pegasus, only to know when they arrived: let the king of the family yu give a shabu.
This is actually not the most serious, the most fatal thing is: praise this woman who destroyed the country and her husband, laughed! You are not happy early, you are not happy late, but you rush to the time when the princes are teased, isn't it okay to find trouble?! The Youwang was overjoyed at first sight, and this trick really worked. As a result, the play with the fire was not finished (in order to see the pet concubine laugh a few times), and the play was not stopped until the princes never came again.
The second thing was to abolish the position of queen of the original lady and the crown prince of her eldest son YiUsu, to make her empress and the son born to her as the prince, and to drive Yi Usu back to her mother's house with her original wife (even the daughter-in-law did not want to bring the eldest son).
Shen Hou, the former wife of the former lady of the you Dynasty, was furious when she saw this. Shen Hou was a prince of one side, with his own territory and army. When King You saw that Marquis Shen was disobedient and had the heart of disobedience, he sent an army to attack. Of course, Shen Hou was not an opponent of The King of You, so he allied himself with inuyasha, a sworn enemy of the Zhou Dynasty, and asked the Inuyasha soldiers to send ho jing (the capital of the Zhou Dynasty) in exchange for being able to burn and loot at will.
As a result, Inuyasha and Shenhou (and another shenhou's ally), colluded internally and externally, and the inside and outside cooperated, and the army was trapped in Hojing.
The Yu King was horrified, and quickly lit the beacon and let the princes save the car, of course, none of the princes came, and they all thought that the Yu King was playing with the silly boy again. As a result, King You and Crown Prince Bofu were killed by Inuyasha, and the whereabouts of Yu Ji were unknown. Inuyasha slaughtered and plundered the capital, and the land of the Zhou King was in ruins. At this point, the princes knew: there was a big deal on the stall, and this time it was true. So everyone hurried to come, after a fierce battle, to expel Inuyasha, but it was too late.
Later, everyone supported Yi us to take the throne - for the King of Zhou Ping. Judging from the actual situation, it is likely that killing The Youwang and Bofu and removing all the obstacles to Yiusu's ascension to the throne is likely to be the demands made by Shen Hou and the former queen and even Yiusu to Inuyasha. A good trick to borrow a knife to kill! It can be said that the fire is pure, but in exchange for it: the mountains and rivers are broken, and the people are slaughtered and plundered. It can be said that King Zhou Ping stepped on the blood of his biological father and millions of people to ascend to the throne.
Since then, the Zhou Dynasty has been in a slump, the royal family has declined, the princes have begun to disobey the constraints of the Zhou King, and history has entered the Spring and Autumn Period of the Princes' struggle for hegemony from the Western Zhou Dynasty. The Zhou Dynasty adopted a sub-feudal system, and the land area directly controlled by the King of Zhou was not very large, so it was destroyed by this battle, resulting in a great decline in national strength. But if we think that the decline of the Zhou royal family is entirely due to the decline in national strength, it is actually not comprehensive.
It should be the double decline of its national strength and moral standards that will lead to a comprehensive decline in its status in the minds of the princes. Look at the family of the Youwang, what kind of virtues they have: the Youwang has nothing to do with the fire, according to the contract theory is treacherous, to put it more vulgarly, to call the princes of the people as monkeys; the praise is not to dissuade and obstruct, but to add fuel to the fire and encourage; the queen of the Youwang, the queen's mother's family, and Yi Usu are to achieve the goal, unscrupulous, shameless, for the happiness and well-being of one person, not hesitate to fall into the water and fire. Think about it, it is estimated that the princes at that time mentioned that this family was disgusting. Such a king, what do you still respect him?!
People say that Shen Hou also has his own grievances, of course, looking closely at history, traitors are also people, and almost all those who betray their own country actually have bitterness. For example, Zhao Shuo, if he did not kill Yue Fei, the throne would not be stable; for example, Qin Juniper, he might have a handle in the hands of Jin Guo; for example, Shi Jingyao, if he did not collude with the Liao state, he would be in danger; for example, Wu Sangui, if he did not surrender to the Qing army, the situation would be very dangerous; and so on.
The problem is that people need to have a moral bottom line in doing things. If everyone tries by any means to solve the problem, the result will inevitably lead to the collapse of the moral system. Treason or not is the bottom line of what people do, and this is an act that cannot change its nature for any reason or reason. It is nothing more than a matter of different reasons, there is a question of the seriousness of the plot.
Shen Hou's so-called bitterness cannot justify his treasonous behavior, and among the traitors of successive dynasties, Shen Hou's behavior is very serious: first, Youwang is the king of a country, and of course has the right to decide his heirs (whether his decision is right or wrong, I will not discuss it for the time being); second, Yuwang only deposed the prince and divorced his daughter-in-law, and did not hurt them; finally, sending troops to fight because you disobeyed, and conquest is not necessarily to kill you. The previous conquests were not the same as later ones, and were generally aimed at conquering rather than killing.
What Shen Hou did was really too vicious. Not only colluding with foreign enemies, but also killing the Youwang and Bofu, and destroying both of them; not only killing the Youwang and Bofu, but also allowing the Inuyasha to kill and plunder (which in itself was a condition for the Inuyasha to send troops), causing the Zhou royal family to be crippled and never recovered. It can be said that Shen Hou's actions directly caused the decline of a generation of dynasties, although not all the responsibility can be put on his head.
Shen Hou's behavior shows that he is a person who will stop at nothing to achieve his goals, so perhaps the former queen of Youwang is not a good kind, and whether it is also related to this that Youwang righteously abolished the queen and the prince and established the concubine and the bofu instead?