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"Zheng Boke Duan Yu Yan" has always been regarded as a famous article of "Zuo Biao", but for two thousand years, most people who have appreciated this article have stayed on the analysis and defense of the character image from the moral standard, and people mostly regard Zheng Zhuanggong as the protagonist.
In fact, it was precisely because Wu Jiang, as a mother, had a very different attitude towards the two sons of Zheng Zhuanggong and GongShu Duan, and did not fulfill the responsibility of indoctrination, which led to the occurrence of this major tragedy of Zheng Guo
The specific cultural form of the home country that was closely related to the matrilineal force in the Spring and Autumn Period and the dual ethical responsibility of the king and the subject, brother and brother formed by it were also the fundamental reasons for Zheng Zhuanggong to endure grievances and move with the camera.
1. The unshakable system of primogeniture
Zheng was passed down from 806 BC to Duke Zhuang through Duke Wu, who was only fourteen years old when he ascended the throne, and when Duke Zhuang was twenty-two years old, Zheng Zhuang was thirty-five years old and his uncle Duan was thirty-two years old.
Zheng Boke Duan Yu Yan and Wei ZhouWu Rebellion and Jin Quwo III jointly opened the chaos of the Spring and Autumn Three Hundred Years of "Usurpation and Searching", and this brotherly dispute of Zheng Guo was particularly eye-catching because it occurred in the year of the Hidden Common Era, which was a veritable "Spring and Autumn First Battle".
However, regarding this historical case that is talked about by posterity, the Spring and Autumn Classic has only one sentence that is extremely simple: "In the summer of May, Zheng Boke duan Yu Yan. ”
Duke Zhengzhuang's grandfather Huan Gong was the younger son of King Li of Zhou, the younger brother of King Xuan of Zhou, and the uncle of King You of Zhou. When Zheng was first sealed, it was Xiaoyi, and the Duke of Houhuan adopted Shi Bo's words to annex part of the land of the states of Yu and Xi to have a certain scale, but by the spring and autumn season Zheng was still among the small countries, thanks to the strength of famous courtiers such as Sacrifice Zhong and Zi Chan.
When King You of Zhou was killed, Duke Huan of Zheng was killed together, and Zheng Ren made his son Duke of Wu, and Duke Wu married the daughter of Marquis Shen as his wife, That is, Wu Jiang, the biological mother of Duke Zheng Zhuang and Gong Shu Duan.
King Zhou You married Yu Shen, and his cousin Zheng Wugong also married his wife Yu Shen, which shows that Shen Guo had a high political status at that time, and its military strength naturally could not be underestimated, and even when King Zhou You wanted to depose The Crown Prince of Yi Usu, The Son of Empress Shen, Shi Bo and other wise people had already foreseen the reaction that Yi Usu's grandfather Shen Hou might have.
Wu Jiang's feelings for his two sons are very different.
This paranoid mother was "evil" only because of "Zhuang Gong's birth", if she only emotionally favored Gong Uncle Duan, she had the idea of "wanting to stand up" and "urgently invited Wu Gong", and her insatiable "please system" and "please Jing" after Zhuang Gong ascended the throne finally sent Aizi Gong Duan to a road of no return.
When Gongshu Duan launched a large-scale camp in the city and "ordered the west to despise the north and despise himself", his intention was already known to passers-by. However, in the face of the repeated advice of The Sacrifice Andyo Lü, Zheng Zhuanggong only adopted the attitude of "Zigu Treating Him", and predicted that Duan would encounter the end of "unrighteousness and injustice, and thick will collapse".
Until "The uncle is finished, the armored soldiers, the pawns, will attack Zheng." Lady will be enlightened", Zheng Zhuang Gongcai "ordered the son to seal the shuai car two hundred times to cut the capital" and Ke Duan Yu Yan. Zuo believes that this is "Zheng Zhi". Mr. Qian Zhongshu said: "Those who 'wait' are full of evil and the time is ripe", "'Not nicknamed' means that the crowd does not kiss Uncle Duan, and the uncle Duan is not close to his brother"; "Zheng Zhi' zhi" is "the ulterior motive of his heart".
It is a very concise summary of Zheng Bo's thoughts and actions.
On the issue of dealing with Gongshu Duan, Zheng Zhuanggong had subjective intentions and objective helplessness because he was not facing ordinary courtiers and thieves, but compatriots and siblings with the support of his mother.
When the Jiang clan asked for a system, Zhuang Gong also gave a firm refusal, and his reason was: "System, Yan Yi also, Uncle Yu is dead." "Why did Uncle Yu die there?"
Of course, it is a rebellion. We have reason to think that at this time, Zhuang Gong has given Jiang And Gong Uncle Duan enough reminders and warnings, but this mother and son duo are bent on going their own way. As a son, in the face of the "please Kyo" after the mother's "please system", of course, it is impossible to refuse.
"Filial piety of mothers and sons" and "brothers and brothers and brothers" are people's ideals of life and daily codes of conduct, and when kindness and courtesy are not established, filial piety and friendship can also be established, such as Emperor Shun's "revenge on the matter of loving brother Mi Jin" after his father And His brother Xiang plotted to kill him"("History of the Five Emperors Benji").
But the premise is that Elephant only covets Shun's property and beautiful wife, but does not covet Shun's throne.
At the beginning of the Spring and Autumn Period, although the etiquette began to relax, the general etiquette still had to be followed, but the situation of Zhuang Gong and Shun was not the same. For Duke Zhuang, he was both a jun and a brother, and Duan was a subject and a brother. The king should preach faith to his subjects, and the subjects should be loyal to the king; brothers should talk about friends to brothers, and brothers should talk about compassion to brothers.
However, when the subjects were disloyal, the brothers were not compassionate, and because they wanted to perform filial piety to their eccentric mothers, Zhuang Gong could only choose to be patient. We have reason to think that Zheng Zhuanggong's "zigu treats" is really a helpless word, and what practical and feasible methods can Zheng Zhuanggong have at that time besides "waiting"?
Zhuang Gong should have hoped that he would "do it early", but with his mother in the church, could he do it?
After Duke Zhuang ascended the throne, his mother Wu Jiang asked him to give him the title to his younger brother GongShu Duan. The system and the tiger prison can be regarded as one place, and the division is two adjacent cities, which together constitute the transportation fortress between the Zheng kingdom and the Zhou royal family. Considering the important strategic position of the system, Zheng Zhuanggong refused, but gave the capital to Gongshu Duan.
Although Beijing is a large city, it is not dangerous and subject to three important cities, including the system and the capital. ...... Zhuang Gong relied on his geographical advantages and the support of the people to defeat Gongshu Duan. Gongshu Duan fled to Weiguo, passing through the area controlled by Duke Zhuang, but was not stopped.
This shows that Zhuang Gong had no intention of killing his brother, and the so-called killing of his brother was really speculative. ”
Moreover, who can say that the run of the gongshu Duan is not self-inflicted?
2. Habitual children are like mothers who kill their children
There are two poems written about the tian hunting warriors in the "Book of Poetry And Zheng Feng", one is called "Uncle Yutian" and the other is called "Uncle Yutian", from "Mao Shi Preface" to Fang Yurun's "Poetry Classic", people generally believe that the protagonist in the poem is Gongshu Duan.
"Uncle Yu Tian" has a sentence cloud: "Uncle is in the fern, the fire is fierce." The tiger is dedicated to the public house. ”
That is to say, Zheng Zhuanggong has seen the bravery of Gongshu Duan's shirtless tiger fighting, not to mention that "Shu is good at shooting jealousy, and good at imperial taboo", and his ability to "shoot" and "shoot" is unusual. How could it not be jealous with his mother's unrelenting love for Duan and Zhuang Gong's far-sightedness?
In "Shu Yu Tian", people's evaluation of "Uncle" is "Xunmei and Ren", "Xunmei and Good", "Xunmei and Wu", in addition to "Wu", there are more "good" and "Ren", which can be described as perfect. However, if the poem really refers to the Gongshu Duan, I am afraid that this poem was only written in the early days when he was stationed in the capital, because "seeking the country" made his behavior not only not "benevolent" but also "unjust", and if he had the character of "benevolence", there would be no situation of "rebellious uncle in Beijing" later.
However, for her mother Wu Jiang, such a son does have too many cute points that she cannot give up, and she can certainly spare no effort for this son.
The threat of Duyi to the state was not uncommon in the Spring and Autumn Period. "Yi had a high degree of independence, which was manifested in other ways, either as a base for the restoration of the monarch (Zheng's Oak Yi), or as a nobleman's military side (such as Qi's Luyi), or to fight against foreign enemies alone (such as Luyi in Lu), and Xiaoyi also had these events as much as most of them."
However, the people of Pucheng were willing to fight for the heavy ear, and the people of Quwo were also willing to die for Luan Ying, but the Jing people did not hesitate to betray Gongshu Duan. Why?
Of course, Zhong'er and Luan Ying always treated the people of the fiefdoms kindly, and after Gongshu Duan arrived in Beijing, he was intent on expanding the capital, gathering grain and grass, and expanding armaments (uncles completed the gathering, armored soldiers, and pawns), during which the labor and military service served by people can be imagined, and the heart of resentment can not be born?
A general consensus in the history books is that the "Spring and Autumn" is a visual manifestation of the so-called "Spring and Autumn Brushwork" of later generations, saying that "Zheng Bo" and "Gongshu Duan" without saying "brother" and "brother" are also profound meanings, but an unchangeable fact is that they are all sons of Wu Jiang.
3. The power of the mother country behind Wu Jiang
In the Spring and Autumn Period, there were many things that a widowed "mother" could do: Mu Jiang, the mother of Lu Zhi's concubine, could point to the princes in the hall and intimidate her son Lu Xianggong and say, "A woman (Ru) cannot, it is all Junye" (Zuo Chuan Xiang Gong Sixteen Years); The Mother of Jin, Li Ji, can seduce the monarch and cause the princes to run away (Zuo Chuan, The Fourth Year of the Duke of Xiang); and Lady Xiang, the grandmother of Song, can exercise the power to kill Song Zhaogong and the grandsons of other Xiang Gongs and establish a new Jun (Zuo Chuan Wen Gong 8/16 Years).
Their unique political skills play an unusually important role in political struggles at home and abroad, and the support of their home country, hidden behind them, is also a very important force.
The State of Qi wanted to annex the State of Ji, but Ji Jun married the daughter of Lu Jun ("Zuo Chuan, Seven Years of The Duke of Yin"), and if the State of Lu wanted to advance and retreat with the State of Ji, the State of Qi had to relent; there was a dispute between Zhong'er and Huai Ying over "Feng Wo, and then waved it", and the reason why "the prince was afraid, surrendered and imprisoned" ("Zuo Chuan, Duke Of twenty-three years") was nothing more than because the country behind Huai Ying was Qiang Qin.
When Ji Ku, the son of Duke Zhengzhuang, refused to be proposed by Duke Qi on the grounds that "Qi Dafei was not a couple", the heavy minister Ji Zhong objected: "Junduo is favored, the crown prince will not stand without great assistance, and the three princes are all junye." The so-called three princes include Gongzi Tu, who later successfully competed with Ku for the throne. The woman from Chen Guo whom he later married did not help him much in the political struggle.
There is also a passage in the "Zheng Shijia" that reads: "Duke Zhuang was also taken from the daughter of the Song Yong clan, born li gongtu." The Yong clan favored the Song, and the Song Zhuang Gongwen Sacrificial Zhongzhi Li Shu made people induce the sacrifice of Zhongzhi and insist on it, saying: "If you don't stand up, you will die'. ”
The end result was that under the strong political pressure of the Song state, The Priest who had been loyal to Crown Prince Ku was forced to "xu Song and ally with the Song." Return to the Throne with a Sudden Return" (Records of the Zheng Family).
It is precisely because the support of the matriarch and his wife clan for political forces is crucial, so Zheng Zhuanggong absolutely does not dare to despise his mother's opinion, nor does he dare to despise the strength of his mother Wu Jiang, and he never dares to forget that behind his mother stands a majestic Shen guo. It is not credible to say that Zheng Zhuanggong did not want to completely eliminate gongshu Duan and Wu Jiang's power in china, but Zheng Zhuanggong's actions must leave his uncles speechless, otherwise he will have a hard time guaranteeing his position.
Therefore, he can only let the rebellion become the arrow on the string, and can only sit on the fact that it is inevitable, otherwise he will most likely be deposed on the charge of "filial piety" and "no friend".
The "mother" is so powerful, so what can the "brother" do?
The prince could lead an army to attack Chengzhou, forcing his brother King Xiang of Zhou to "go out of The Twenty-fourth Year of the Duke of Zheng" ("Zuo Chuan, Duke Huan of the Twenty-Fourth Year"), Xi Qi of Jin could replace Shen Sheng and Zhong'er ("Zuo Chuan, Duke Huan of the Fourth Year"), Yi Wu could also seize the throne by preemptively returning to China ("Twenty-three Years of Zuo Chuan Gong"), and in the State of Zheng there was also a sudden dispute with Prince Ku for the throne ("Zuo Chuan, Duke Huan Eleven").
Although for Zheng Zhuanggong, these are not lessons from the past but only what happened later, but combined with the situation at that time, whether it is his mother or brother, it is difficult for Zheng Zhuanggong to sleep and eat, and with them, Zheng Guo may have the possibility of regime changing hands at any time.
4. Zheng Zhuanggong's confusion of uneducation?
For the public cases of Keduan, there are often people who "ridicule the uneducation of the public" in various forms. However, although "the eldest brother is like a father", after all, Duke Zhuang is only three years older than GongShu Duan, and has an extremely eccentric mother in the church, so Zhuang Gong cannot raise Gong Shu Duan, and the situation should be roughly equivalent to Wei Zhizhou's call for "favored and good soldiers" and "Gongfu Forbidden" ("Zuo Chuan Yin Gong Three Years").
Judging from the twenty-second year of Zheng Zhuang's Ke Duan, the twenty-third year of crossing the ground with Wu Jiang, and the twenty-fourth year of Zhou Zheng's intercourse and invasion of Zhou Tohe, Zheng Zhuang himself was disrespectful to his mother and rude to the King of Zhou.
All the results cannot happen overnight, teaching by example is better than words, zhuang gong's behavior does not matter "right", so he cannot decisively ask for gongshu duan, and he is also unable to cultivate gongshu duan.
"The class system of the Zhou Dynasty was very strict, until Confucius began to ridicule Shiqing in the Spring and Autumn Period", Zheng Zhuanggong was of course also ridiculed by Confucius.
But in the process of his growth, where was Wu Jiang, the mother of "Evil"? Did she fulfill her responsibilities as an educator? From her connivance with Uncle Duan as chaos, it is not difficult for us to see the answer.
For Wu Jiang, an extremely narrow and extremely eccentric mother, Zhuang Gongzhi's "widowhood" may be psychologically difficult for her to accept, and may also make her feel a threat and fear of her own interests and even her life in folklore, but the most important thing is that she does not understand what kind of mind a mother should have, how a mother should love her children, what she gives to Zheng Zhuang gong is not love, and it seems that she does not give to Gong Uncle Duan.
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