"Heaven is on the kingdom, and all nations are coming." This is the grand situation during the Zhu Di period of the Ming Dynasty, and it is also a true portrayal of the later Qing Dynasty. Especially during the Qing Dynasty, China's territory was fixed and vast, and it had twenty vassal states.
All this shows the strength of the Qing Empire and the power of our central government. So, what kind of history did the twenty vassal states go through? Does it still exist?
The answer was unexpected, and the former vassal states also accompanied the collapse of the Qing Empire and gradually sank in history. As recorded in the history books, ten were completely destroyed, and one kingdom insisted on paying tribute until 1953. Which vassal state is it?
1. Declining vassal states
The countries that fell at that time were: Andijan, Margarang, Namgan, Tashkent Khanate, Kanjuti, Sakh Khanate, Borol, BadakShan, Luang Prabang, Andi khanate, a total of 10 vassal states.
Among them, the Andijan, Margarang, Namgam, and Tashkent Khanates, four countries that were invaded by Tsarist Russia in 1857, were forced to break away from the Qing Dynasty, and became part of what is now Uzbekistan. According to records, these four countries jointly submitted to the Qianlong Emperor in 1759.
In addition, Kanjuti Tubang was also one of the vassal states of the Qing Dynasty, and in 1761, he declared himself a vassal to the Qing Dynasty and once provided the Qing Dynasty with one or two or five dollars of placer gold every year. However, in 1891, it was invaded by the British, but it is worth mentioning that the country has always insisted on the worship relationship with the Qing Dynasty, even after the end of the Qing Dynasty, until 1935. And this region is in what is now Kashmir. This is still rare in the history of worship in the Qing Dynasty.
The Sak Khanate, also a vassal state of the Qing Dynasty, established relations in the middle of the Qianlong Period, but was destroyed by the invasion of Tsarist Russia in the mid-19th century and now belongs to Kazakhstan.
There were also the Kingdom of Borol and the BadakShan Kingdom, which submitted to the Qianlong Emperor in 1759, but were also invaded by the British in 1878, and the two countries also severed ties with the Qing Dynasty.
Finally, there was the Kingdom of Luang Prabang and the Khanate of Brut, two countries located in the Laos region, near what was once Dzungar.
The kingdom of Luang Prabang was originally subordinate to the Kingdom of Nanzhao, but later established a separate clan relationship with the Qing Dynasty. However, in 1778, the Kingdom of Namchō became a vassal state of Siam.
As for the Burut Khanate, it became a vassal state of our country in 1759 during the suppression of the Rebellion of the Great and the Great, but it was also destroyed by Tsarist Russia in the middle of the 19th century.
These are the 10 disappeared countries, which either died at the hands of Tsarist Russia or the British Empire, essentially because of the decline of the Qing Empire's strength, which was subjected to terrible aggression and annexation.
2. The country from which it left
In addition to the 10 countries that have fallen, there are 4 countries that have been swallowed up.
The most famous of these is the Kingdom of Sikkim, which became a vassal state of our country in the early years of the Qing Dynasty, and later became a British protectorate in 1890, which now belongs to India. In the last century, many people should be very familiar with this area, and even people who once wanted to join China were also interesting at the time.
In addition, there is the very famous Ryukyu Kingdom. According to records, the Ryukyu Kingdom was once forced to belong to Japan because of the Treaty of Maguan. Later, in 1879, on the day of April 4, Ryukyu was completely destroyed and became the Okinawa Prefecture of Japan.
This was followed by the Kingdom of Sulu. The country was a chiefdom located around the Sulu And Palawan islands, and became a vassal state of the Qing Dynasty in the fourth year of Yongzheng. This area is particularly inclined to Chinese culture, and even once requested to be annexed. For example, in the 19th year of Qianlong, this area repeatedly wrote to the Qing Dynasty to make this request. However, they were rejected by the Qing Dynasty.
In the first year of Xianfeng, the area was taken over by the Spaniards, and relations with the Qing Empire were terminated. Later, this area was annexed by the Philippines, completely severing contact with the Central Plains.
The last one was the vast khanate. This country joined the Chinese vassal state group in 1760, but the country was very fierce, and in 1865, it felt that the Qing Dynasty was weak, so it dared to invade Xinjiang. This move infuriated the Qing Dynasty, and our country not only severed its ties with him, but also struck a blow. Later, in 1876, the region was occupied by Tsarist Russia and historically known as annexation.
3. The country in which the main body continues
The first Siam. The name may be unfamiliar to everyone, and even often mixed it with Korea, but in fact, the country established superior-subordinate relations with the Qing Dynasty in 1646 and severed ties with the Central Plains Dynasty in 1855.
It is worth mentioning that the Kingdom of Siam continued, and the name of the country continued until 1939, when it was renamed Thailand. Later, in 1945, it was renamed Siam again, until it was changed back to Thailand in 1949, until now.
Therefore, this Siamese kingdom is actually today's Thailand, and its main body has remained until now, but it has severed the former vassal state relations.
The second Bhutan. In 1736, the country accepted the canonization of the Qing Dynasty, and it lasted for a long time. However, in the mid-19th century, it became a British protectorate and slowly severed ties with the Qing Dynasty.
The third Gurkha. The country was formerly part of the Mara Dynasty of Nepal, whose territory was even larger than the current Nepal, and in 1788 it invaded Tibet, only to be severely attacked by the Qing Dynasty, and finally submitted to it and became a vassal state of the Qing Dynasty. However, in 1908, the country also became a British dependency.
In 1769, a major war broke out between the Qing Dynasty and Burma, which resulted in the defeat of Burma and subsequently a vassal state with the Qing Dynasty. However, in the turmoil that followed, it became a British Indian province in 1886.
The fifth North Korea. North Korea should be the most familiar to everyone, when Daming and North Korea jointly established a state, the relations between the two countries have been friendly for generations. Later, Korea also established relations with the Qing Dynasty, and the relations between the two sides were also very close. Unfortunately, after the signing of the Treaty of Maguan that year, Korea severed ties with the Qing Dynasty. By 1910, the Korean Empire had died at the hands of Japan.
Sixth Vietnam. Vietnam originally belonged to Annam and was once closely related to China during the Ming Dynasty, but was renamed Vietnam during the Jiaqing Emperor. Later, after the end of the Sino-French War, China gave up its suzerainty over Vietnam, and Vietnam became a French colony thereafter.
The above are the 20 vassal states of the Qing Dynasty, although their fates are different, but in general, they are all finally disconnected from the Central Plains Dynasty due to the decline of the Qing Dynasty.
The years of history pass by, and backwardness will be beaten, but this sentence will never be outdated. At that time, the Qing Empire had invincible power in the world, so all the countries came to the dynasty, even some countries that we had never heard of, but still became our vassal states.
With the backwardness of the Qing Dynasty, not only was the body subjected to a terrible blow, but even the vassal state system that we had so hard to establish collapsed in an instant, which was a pity and a pity.
epilogue
Although history has become the past, it will always be a mirror that reflects our future. We should learn from our lessons, not only to be honored by our past glory, but also to be deeply ashamed of our past failures, and to be ashamed and courageous not to make the same mistakes.
In the future, China will certainly go to a higher realm, and we may even become the initiators and organizers of a new international political order, but all this requires our efforts and the struggle of everyone.
Although we may not be able to restore the state of the former vassal state, then we should also go out and introduce the mentality of chinese culture to the world, and introduce talents and funds from all over the world to China. China's future will be beautiful, and the humiliation of the Qing Dynasty will surely pass, and we firmly believe in this.
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