In the Qing Dynasty, the Cabinet University Scholar was a Zhengyipin civilian official, and according to the routine, when there was a shortage of university scholars, he was supplemented by the co-founders of the university, the Shangshu of various ministries, and the imperial history of Zuo Du. It is said that Shangshu's promotion to university scholar is a promotion, but sometimes it is a loss-making transaction. An empty university scholar is sometimes inferior to a Shangshu who holds real power, especially the bureaucracy and the household department.
College graduates must have a part-time job
There were several major changes in the central organs of the Qing Dynasty, first the Council of Ministers, then the Cabinet, and after the eighth year of Yongzheng, the Military Aircraft Department was replaced, and the Cabinet was only the nominal center, but in fact it had been vacated.
In the Qing Dynasty, there was no prime minister, but as long as a university scholar was also a military minister, he could be regarded as a prime minister. However, in terms of nature, the Minister of Military Aircraft is "poor", and the University Cadet is a "professional officer", so if the Minister of Military Aircraft does not have the position of University Cadet, he will also be inferior.
In the same way, if the university scholar is not also a minister of military aircraft, he will have no real power in his hands, but only a fictitious title. In addition, there is a situation that military ministers and university scholars are often in charge of a certain ministry and rank above the Shangshu. From this point of view, the criterion for measuring the gold content of a university scholar is to see whether he is also on other errands.
Generally speaking, university cadets who do not concurrently serve as military aircraft ministers will often be instructed to administer a certain ministry. Unless it was an elderly minister of the ministry, the emperor often gave him only the title of a university scholar and did not let him participate in specific government affairs.
Liu Yong's promotion to university fellowship is a special case
Liu Yong was a famous courtier of the Qianlong Dynasty, and a typical second-generation official, and in terms of talent, Liu Yong was also superior. However, the Qianlong Emperor did not seem to have a high overall evaluation of him, believing that he was ambiguous and unrealistic. Some people think that this is a kind of official strategy of Liu Yong, and he makes some small mistakes from time to time to achieve the purpose of Mingzhe's self-preservation. Whether this theory is true or not, Yu Shi does not want to discuss, but it can basically be concluded that Liu Yong's position in the Qianlong Dynasty is more awkward, the first line is not counted, and the second line is more than enough.
Liu Yong's career was very rich, not only as a magistrate, but also as a prefect, scholar, inspector, and governor, and in the late Qianlong period, he served as the imperial history of the left capital, the Ministry of Works, the official Shangshu, and in the later years of Qianlong, he also served as a co-founder of the university. Here it needs to be explained that the Qing Dynasty implemented the Manchu-Han dual-track system, and all the Shangshu had Manchu and Han, and under normal circumstances, the status of the Manchu Shangshu was higher than that of the Han Shangshu, but Liu Yong was in a higher position because of his seniority than that of the same official Shangshu, and the official's actual master was still Liu Yong.
However, unfortunately, Wang Jie and Dong Yu, who debuted later than Liu Yong, have successively served as university cadets and military ministers, but Liu Yong, who is the most senior, has gained nothing, and he has sighed in the position of yipin.
In February of the second year of Jiaqing, when the university scholar Dong Yu Ding returned home, the cabinet was vacated, and the Taishang Emperor Qianlong was quite hesitant on the issue of candidates, and the Manchu ministers counted over and over again, and found that only Liu Yong could make up for the university scholars. However, Qianlong was somewhat prejudiced against Liu Yong, so he issued a rather interesting edict:
"The lack of university scholars has reached the turn of the month, and now Liu Yong's qualifications in the various Shangshu are deeper, and he is supplementing the university scholars." However, Yi has always refused to be honest and lazy, so he has no one to promote this post. If you are gracious, be grateful, do not be satisfied, and get rid of your habits, and be gracious. ”
According to the custom, officials were generally commended for promoting to emperor, but Qianlong did the opposite, promoting Liu Yong's officials on the one hand, and at the same time accusing him and listing many faults.
In fact, for Qianlong, it was somewhat reluctant to let Liu Yong make up for the shortage of university scholars. On the one hand, it is to look at the face of Liu Yong's father, Liu Tongxun, and on the other hand, Liu Yong's own moral character is no problem, and the most important thing is that there is no suitable candidate in the DPRK. In this way, Liu Yong was promoted to a scholar of Tirenge University in this way.
Before being promoted to university scholar, Liu Yong was the official Shangshu in power, and it is worth noting that after being promoted to university scholar, Qianlong did not let Liu Yong enter the military aircraft department, and at the same time did not announce that Liu Yong would continue to be in charge of the official department. Thus the problem arises, a university scholar neither cares about the ministry nor enters the military aircraft department, which is undoubtedly idle by Qianlong.
The edict did not announce that Liu Yong would also be in charge of the official department, so his original post of official Shangshu would be taken over by the former Shangshu Shenchu of the former military department. However, shortly after Shen Chu took office, he was transferred to Hubu, and it was intended that Zhu Jue, the teacher of the Jiaqing Emperor, would succeed shangshu as the official.
According to the personnel system, if Shen Chu served as an official Shangshu, the ranking was naturally after Hezhen. But Zhu Jue was different, his seniority was also the teacher of the Jiaqing Emperor, who was still serving as the governor of Anhui at that time, and if he was transferred to the capital to serve as an official Shangshu, he would suppress he.
Therefore, he made a conspiracy behind his back and instigated it in front of Emperor Qianlong of Taishang, causing Zhu Jue to have no real name, and he was concurrently appointed as the governor of Anhui as the official Shangshu, but he could not enter the capital to serve. In this way, the real power of the officials was firmly controlled by Hezhen. In fact, Liu Yong did not concurrently work as an official Shangshu, and the trader behind him was also Hezhen, in the final analysis, it was to compete for the real power of the official department.
In this major personnel transfer in the second year of Jiaqing, Liu Yong nominally rose to an official, but he lost the real power of the official department, and he was also ridiculed by Qianlong, and this deal was really not worth it.