It's the annual college entrance examination season again, and the college entrance examination with nervous emotions is finally over. After the end of the college entrance examination, a few joys and some worries, some people feel that the test is correct, and they feel that they can be admitted to the university of their choice. However, some people complain that their exams are not very good, and it is estimated that they will study for another year. In this case, the difficulty of the test paper has become a hot topic of discussion. The difficulty of China's examination papers is also graded, and the difficulty of the national one volume, the national two volumes, the Beijing volume, the Jiangsu volume, and so on are different. Some people complain that their test papers are difficult, not as simple as the test papers in xx places, so why can't the whole country unify the test papers? Zhu Yuanzhang once unified the examination papers, and the result caused great chaos.
In the 30th year of Hongwu, the imperial court released the list of imperial examinations, and the 51 people on the list were all candidates from the south, known as the Southern List. Although the north was destroyed by the Yuan Dynasty and the culture was relatively behind the south, none of the northerners could make the list, which was unprecedented. During the Tang Dynasty, there were a large number of lifters in the Liangjing area, and there were more lifters in the north during the Song Dynasty, but the Ming Dynasty did not have a single northern examinee on the list, and angry northern examinees strongly questioned the fairness of the exam. The northern examinees jointly wrote a letter to the Ceremonial Department to complain, and they believed that the chief examiner Liu Sanwu was from the south, so they were somewhat biased in favor of the southern candidates. At the same time, officials from the northern region were also more angry about this matter, and more than a dozen inspectors of imperial history wrote a letter to thoroughly investigate the fraud of the imperial examination.
At that time, there were many rumors on the streets, some people thought that the chief examiner had received money, and some people said that the chief examiner was discriminatory, but you must know that the chief examiner Liu Sanwu was personally appointed by Zhu Yuanzhang. Liu Sanwu was a great Confucian in the Ming Dynasty, although he was an old minister of the Yuan Dynasty, but he was quite accomplished after the founding of the Ming Dynasty, and the Ming Dynasty's criminal law "Great Commandment" was sequenced by him. Together with Wang Rui and Zhu Shan, he was called the "Three Elders", and even the "History of Ming" evaluated him: he was generous, had no city in his chest, and called himself Tan Tan Ong. Zhu Yuanzhang asked him to be the chief examiner, which was actually a recognition of him, after all, he was the leader of Shilin at that time. It is a fair person, and if he is not fair, it will be difficult to find a fair person.
The body is not afraid of the shadow oblique, Liu Sanwu he does things fairly, Zhu Yuanzhang can not find anything wrong. After checking the examination papers several times, the final conclusion was that the southern candidates did not cheat, but won by strength. Although the results of the investigation were announced, the students in the north could not accept the results of the investigation, and the officials of the northern origin could not accept the results. Whether this result is fair or not, we will not talk about it for the time being, the biggest impact of this result is to directly press the north to the ground with a hammer, although the north is somewhat backward in culture, but this result directly negates the culture of the north completely. Candidates and officials in the north strongly opposed the results of the investigation, and Zhu Yuanzhang had to investigate the case again, and eventually he designated Liu Sanwu as the "Blue Jade Yu Party" and sent Liu Sanwu to the northwest.
Moreover, all the officials involved in the case were severely punished, and only Dai Yi and Yin Changlong were spared, and the reason for the exemption was that there were northerners in the list of the two of them. Zhu Yuanzhang, he does not care whether the exam is fair, what he cares about is whether the north and the south will split, if he publishes the results of the previous exam results, it will definitely trigger the anger of the north, and no one in the north is on the list, this list is more or less a problem, Daming is not the first time to open the examination, why was there no such situation before? There was no such situation before and after, except this time there was no one in the north on the list, do you think there is no catty here? It must be catty.
So Zhu Yuanzhang personally released a list, and the 61 people on the list were all northerners, so it was called the "North List", and this historical event was the famous "North and South List". I tell you, don't think about it, this list must be fake. Destroyed by the Yuan Dynasty, the culture of the north lagged behind that of the south. The most intuitive embodiment is from the first year of jianyuan to the twenty-second year of Yongle, during which the proportion of jinshi from southern origin accounted for 83.6% of the total. After experiencing the list of the north and the south, the number of jinshi from the south can still account for such a large proportion, which shows that the south was culturally stronger than the north at that time.
Historians believe that the North and South Lists are political events, not cases of examination fraud, and it is obvious that everyone does not recognize the "North List". Since the Tang Dynasty, the north has long been affected by war, and the cultural center of gravity has begun to shift south. Education in the south is much better than education in the north, and the "north-south list" exposes the problem of uneven distribution of educational resources. This kind of problem is difficult to solve in the short term, and the "North List" can only be said to be a political co-optation and cannot solve the problem for a long time.
Finally, the Ming Dynasty began to engage in geographical distribution of quotas, each subject admitted 100 people, of which 40% must be divided into the north, the remaining 60% is the southern quota. During the Jingtai years, the geographical distribution of places changed again, with only 55 places for southerners, 35 places for northerners, and the remaining ten places for remote areas. This method is also flawed, at the beginning we were also unified examination papers, Shandong and Beijing examination papers are the same, but due to the number of regional admission quotas, The Beijing Liberal Arts Key Undergraduate Admission Score Line is 454, while the Shandong Liberal Arts Key Undergraduate Admission Score Line is 580, resulting in three Shandong candidates suing the Ministry of Education for unconstitutionality.
Since then, special areas have begun to make independent propositions, and there have been examination papers for regional independent propositions such as Beijing volumes, Jiangsu volumes, And Shanghai volumes. This kind of sub-examination is actually a helpless move, if it is a unified examination paper, then it is easy to appear in a certain region of the phenomenon of slaughter. As for many people complaining about the difficulty of the test paper, this is actually not unfair, because you are just competing with people in the same province, and the simplicity of his test paper will not affect you. The undergraduate admission score line is determined by the number of admissions and the number of candidates, not the difficulty of the examination paper.