The peaceful liberation of Beiping has made Beiping, the ancient capital of the millennium, avoided the destruction of war, and many precious cultural relics can be preserved intact, which can be said to be a good thing in the world, and also provides a foundation for the new China to be the capital here.
01 Introduction to the Peaceful Liberation of Peiping
After the Liaoshen Campaign, the Northeast Field Army entered the customs and jointly launched the Pingjin Campaign with the troops of the North China Military Region.
In order to protect Beiping, the ancient capital of the millennium, it is also hoped to reduce unnecessary casualties and end the Pingjin Campaign as soon as possible. It is hoped that the Peiping issue can be resolved peacefully.
Peiping
In line with the principle of peace, the two sides have held three negotiations. Peace negotiations first began on November 18, 1948, when the Battle of Pingjin was about to begin, and Fu Zuoyi had already decided to conduct peace negotiations to peacefully resolve the Peiping issue, but at this time Fu Zuoyi still had many doubts.
By December 1948, when Peiping was already surrounded by PLA regiments, Fu Zuoyi sent people to talk with the relevant responsible persons of the Northeast Field Army, but the talks did not make substantial progress, and Fu Zuoyi was still lucky at this time.
Then in January 1949, Fu Zuoyi's ace 35th Army was annihilated, and Fu Zuoyi's heart changed.
Soon after, a second negotiation was held with the relevant leaders of the Pingjin front, and this negotiation made great progress, after which the two sides informally signed the "Minutes of Talks", but until this moment, Fu Zuoyi still had a luck in his heart and hoped for the military strength of Tianjin.
Fu Zuoyi
On January 14, 1949, the People's Liberation Army launched an attack on the defenders of Tianjin, and in a short period of time, the defenders of Tianjin were eliminated.
The liberation of Tianjin gave Fu Zuoyi a shot in the arm and accelerated the process of Fu Zuoyi's surrender. By the 16th, the two sides signed Article 14 of the Preliminary Agreement on the Peaceful Settlement of Peiping. By the 19th, it was officially signed, and Peiping was smoothly and peacefully liberated. On January 31, 1949, the People's Liberation Army entered the city to take over the defense, and Peiping was declared peacefully liberated. This thousand-year-old capital has been preserved intact.
The fundamental reason for the peaceful liberation of Peiping was the outstanding performance of the People's Liberation Army on the battlefield, which made Fu Zuoyi realize that surrender was the best way out, and there was no other way to go.
There is also a woman who plays a key role in this. This woman was Fu Zuoyi's daughter Fu Dongju. This hidden history is not well known to most people.
02 Fu Dongju qiren
Fu Dongju is also called Fu Dong, Fu Dong was once Fu Dongju's pen name during his time as a journalist, and after the founding of New China, he used the name Fu Dong until his death.
Fu Dongju was born in Taiyuan, Shanxi in 1924, the eldest daughter of the famous anti-Japanese general Fu Zuoyi.
Fu Zuoyi was a father at the beginning of his life and loved this daughter very much.
After the outbreak of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, he came to Chongqing with his mother, where he began to contact progressive youth organizations.
Fu Dongju
By 1945, Fu Dongju was an editor of the Ta Kung Pao in Tianjin after graduation. He joined the Communist Party of China in November 1947. Since then, it has played a key role in the peaceful liberation of Peiping. He worked in journalism until July 2007, when he died in Beijing at the age of 83 due to ineffective medical treatment.
Fu Dongju's life has made great contributions to the nation-state, but he has never been proud of his achievements in his life, and silently dedicates himself to his job.
03 Fu Dongju's role in the Peking Peace Talks
After the end of the War of Resistance Against Japan, the masses of the people longed for peace and eagerly hoped for the rebuilding of their homeland. However, the top level of the Kuomintang ignored the voices of the people and insisted on provoking war. By 1946, the Civil War was in full swing.
At that time, Fu Dongju was studying at Southwest Union University and was about to graduate soon after. At this time, Fu Zuoyi was stationed in Guisui, which is now Hohhot, Inner Mongolia.
In order to prevent the outbreak of civil war, Fu Dongju wrote a letter to his father, hoping that there would be no civil war.
But the outbreak of civil war was not something that Fu Zuoyi alone could decide and control.
Later, during his work in the Tianjin Ta Kung Pao, he personally persuaded his father many times not to fight a civil war, but the civil war could not be avoided at this time.
The Kuomintang launched an all-out offensive against the Liberated Areas, but soon after the All-out Kuomintang offensive failed.
Later, a major offensive was launched. The main ones include the liberated areas of northern Shaanxi and Shandong.
Fu Zuoyi and his family
In 1948, the war in North China had reached a moment of tension, and there was a possibility of war at any time. At this critical moment, Fu Dongju returned to Fu Zuoyi's side and began to accompany Fu Zuoyi.
Because at this time, there was only Fu Zuoyi in Beiping, and there was no other family, so Fu Dongju's company became Fu Zuoyi's only spiritual comfort.
During the period when Fu Dongju took care of her father, she mainly accompanied her, during which the father and daughter broke through to talk about the principles and policies of the Communist Party, gradually changed their views on the Communist Party, and their inner beliefs began to waver.
From Fu Zuoyi was born in Wanrong, Yuncheng, Shanxi Province, to an ordinary peasant family, and since he was a child, he has seen the hardships of the life of the grass-roots masses, and Fu Zuoyi is full of sympathy for the low-level masses. Therefore, after the outbreak of the civil war, from the perspective of Fu Zuoyi's personal feelings, he did not want to fight a civil war, but as a soldier, he had to obey orders, and Fu Zuoyi's heart was full of contradictions.
Fu Zuoyi's personality was also a favorable factor for Fu Zuoyi's peaceful liberation of Peiping.
Consulting many historical materials and related articles, we can basically draw a consistent conclusion. The reason why Fu Dongju went to Beiping to accompany his father was arranged by the party organization and helped steal key information on the battlefield. In fact, according to the recollections of Fu Dongju's relatives, and careful analysis of this statement is not reliable.
For the first question, it is said that Fu Dongju was sent to Fu Zuoyi's side by a party organization, and theoretically there is such a possibility, but the fact that Fu Dongju is Fu Zuoyi's daughter is almost a well-known thing, and the party organization is particularly confidential, and the second Fu Dongju has not been in the party for a long time.
The organization would not give such an important matter to a little girl who had just joined the party.
Fu Dongju in the film and television drama
For the second question, it is said that Fu Dongju stole important intelligence on the battlefield. This possibility is almost negligible, first of all, Fu Zuoyi has a particularly strict distinction between life and work, and even the most basic work will not be talked about, and He Kuo is valuable intelligence. Secondly, the secret intelligence on the battlefield is not something that Fu Dongju can access, so let's talk about sending the intelligence out. In the end, Fu Dongju was just a young girl at that time, and she had no ability to do this at all.
From the perspective of a daughter, of course, I don't want my father to be hurt, my job is mainly to take care of Fu Zuoyi, and pass on relevant information to my father, so that my father can make better choices and achieve better results.
After repeated thinking and struggling, Fu Zuoyi decided to conduct peace talks, and on October 30, 1948, he proposed to his confidant Wang Kejun that he wanted to hold peace talks with the Communist Party, when Fu Zuoyi's environment was still relatively relaxed.
The Northeast Field Army has not yet entered the customs, and for the time being, Beiping and Tianjin are not facing so much military pressure.
Peace talks are particularly confidential, and the slightest carelessness can lead to trial by a military tribunal. At that time, Fu Zuoyi's army had many secret agents, and if the information leaked, it would be difficult to predict later, and how to avoid these secret agents and convey the correct information to the Communist Party became the most urgent task. Thinking about it, Fu Zuoyi thought of his daughter and thought that this was the best choice.
After that, Fu Zuoyi asked Fu Dongju to send a secret telegram to the Communists, presumably meaning that he wanted to negotiate peace, but his ability was limited and he could not control all the troops.
But after the secret telegram was sent, the CCP did not seem to be very interested. In fact, this is a normal performance, because just relying on a secret telegram to want the two sides to start peace talks, this is also too childish.
Fu Zuoyi and Chiang Kai-shek take a group photo
In fact, it is mainly inconsistent with Fu Zuoyi's actions. On the one hand, Fu Zuoyi said that peace talks would be held, but on the other hand, he was sending troops to attack Xibaipo, an act that made the Communist side have to doubt the purpose of the peace talks.
Whether they want to sincerely negotiate peace or use the strategy of delaying the army. Another point is that the Chinese communists believe that of the nearly 600,000 troops in North China at that time, Fu Zuoyi's concubines were only more than 200,000, and the other more than 300,000 were Chiang Kai-shek's concubine troops, and Fu Zuoyi could not represent these troops. These forces must be besieged or even eliminated in order to achieve a genuine peace.
Indeed, in the course of the peace talks, Fu Zuoyi's behavior also recurred. There were several major military clashes with the Communist army, all of which ended in defeat. In particular, the collapse of the 35th Division dealt a great blow to Fu Zuoyi, making him more willing to return to the road of peace negotiations.
However, at this time, Fu Zuoyi still had a certain degree of luck in his heart, and his inner struggle, and even wanted to coexist with Beiping, fortunately, with the company of his daughter, Fu Zuoyi survived a difficult period.
With the liberation of Tianjin by the People's Liberation Army, Fu Zuoyi completely embarked on the road of peace negotiations.
On January 21, 1949, after repeated negotiations, the Kuomintang North China Suppression General and the Communist Party's Pingjin Front Command signed the "Agreement on the Peaceful Settlement of The Settlement of the Problem in Peiping", and the Beiping Peace Talks finally came to an end.
The People's Liberation Army entered the city
After the signing of the agreement, a special letter almost changed the fate of the peace talks, and the outcome of the peace talks was likely to be ruined.
What kind of letter is this, and how powerful it is, is actually a letter written by Chairman Mao to Fu Zuoyi. However, the rhetoric of this letter is somewhat fierce, and if Fu Zuoyi is allowed to see that it is likely to overturn the outcome of the peace talks. Fu Dongju put the letter at the bottom of the document, and Fu Zuoyi would not see it for the time being.
In this way, Beijing's defense was successfully exchanged, and the matter had been settled. The day after the People's Liberation Army entered the city, the People's Daily published the letter.
When Fu Zuoyi saw this letter, according to Fu Zuoyi's descendants, there was a great deal of fire at that time, and it was proved afterwards that Although Fu Dongju's approach at that time was not appropriate, it was a very correct choice. Otherwise, the consequences are difficult to predict, and even the war may start again.