Why is Meng Haoran full of economy, but he can only send love to the landscape?

In memory, in the second semester of the first grade, I learned Meng Haoran's ancient poem "Spring Dawn", the season of warm spring flowers, a song "Spring sleep is not aware, everywhere smells birds" has become a good memory of many people's childhood.

Shen Deqian, a Qing dynasty, commented that Meng's poems are "light in language and not thin in the end", "Spring Dawn" is one of the leaders, and the description of the whole poem is flowing with clouds and water, and the charm is long and deep, as if in this short four-line poem, it contains the entire spring of endless taste. At the level of public perception, the popularity of "Spring Dawn" is comparable to that of "Quiet Night Thoughts", and Meng Haoran has become a national poet.

Meng Haoran was a native of Xiangyang, born in 689 and died in 740, which was the time of the Tang Empire's national fortunes. Meng Haoran's life seemed unfazed under the aura of prosperity. The Old Book of Tang records it in only more than forty words: "Meng Haoran, hidden deer gate mountain, adapted to poetry." In the year of forty, he came to tour the Beijing Division, should enter the army, not the first, and also Xiangyang. Zhang Jiuling town of Jingzhou, signed for engaging, singing peace with it. Not enough. The four words of "not reaching and pawning" have exhausted Meng Haoran's life, but he has no chance to seal his wife and shadow, and can only send love to the landscape.

What is the reason behind the failure?

Meng Haoran depicted in Ding Shanchang's "Biography of Portraits of Past Dynasties" in the Qing Dynasty

【Facing the danger of the church, deterred】

Looking back at Meng Haoran's life, you will find that he has a contradictory attitude toward politics, such as winning the county exam at the age of 18 and not going to Chang'an until the age of 40 to take the provincial exam. During the Kaiyuan period, the imperial examination was the most active, and Li Longji made great efforts to govern the country, opened up the Xianlu Road, and held a special examination for the examination of the system, and there was also a subject of "high talent sinking into grass and self-lifting."

In addition, he also wrote a lot of dry poems, hoping to be recommended by big people, but the writing was obscure and polite, such as the "Lindongting" written to Zhang, which has a strong sense of proportion, "I want to help without a boat, and I am ashamed of Shengming." Sit and watch the anglers, and envy the fish. ”

Meng Haoran worked in school as a teenager, and at the age of 18, he took a high school in the Xiangyang County Examination, and was favored by Zhang Kamzhi, who was then the Assassin of Xiangzhou, that is, the Famous Minister of the Tang Dynasty who launched a coup d'état to demand that Wu Zetian return to power. According to Liu Wengang and others, Meng Haoran also took this opportunity to form a deep friendship with the Zhang family, and Zhang Mingfu and Zhang Langzhong, who appear many times in his poems, are Zhang Yuanzhi's grandson Zhang Yuan. However, the good times did not last long, and Zhang Kamzhi was once again falsely accused by Wu Sansi and exiled to Lingnan by Emperor Zhongzong of Tang, and died on the way. This may be the first impression that the brutal political struggle brings to Meng Haoran.

Zhang Kamzhi's political enemy Zheng Yan had contacts with Meng Haoran, but Meng Haoran did not know that Zheng Hao was a corrupt and rebellious courtier. On the way to zheng huan conspiracy, he specially visited Meng Haoran, who was 21 years old at the time, in Xiangyang, and Meng wrote "Listening to Zheng Wuyan playing the piano", comparing it to the famous Wei and Jin dynasty scholar Ruan Yuan: "Half under the sleeves of the shirt, wipe the dragon lip piano." ”

The following year, Zheng Yan's plot failed and he was killed, and Meng Haoran had to flee bashu to avoid disaster. The treacherous politics made him have a deterrent mind, and only then did he sigh that "Yu intention is in the landscape, smelling the harmonic heart." ”

[When the sheep, or the pound?] 】

Xiangyang landscape and water are victorious, with a thick humanistic tradition, countless popular figures have lingered here, and Pang Degong and Yang Hu have become the two ends of Meng Haoran's ideals. Pang Degong was a great hermit at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, and zhuge liang and Pang Tong pushed him to refuse Liu Biao's conquest, and finally collected medicine at Lumen Mountain. Yang Hu was a famous vassal of Wei and Jin, who had defended Xiangyang and confronted Eastern Wu, and Guangshi Dezheng was deeply loved by the people. The "Jin Shu YangHu Biography" records, "Qiule landscape, every scenery, will build Da Nang Mountain, put wine and chant, and be tireless all day long." "After his death, the people erected a monument for him in Da Nang Mountain.

Wen Yiduo said that "Meng Haoran originally lived in seclusion for the sake of seclusion, for a romantic ideal, for a sacred tacit understanding of the ancients", this interpretation can not be described as unromantic, but some take it for granted. The ideal end is the mountain like Pang Degong, and the other end is the Wenwu Double Deze Township like Yang Hu, and the two sages must have haunted Meng Haoran's soul.

In the prosperous Tang Dynasty, which was at peace in the world, Yang Hu's attraction to Meng Haoran was also greater. He can also see the hint from the poems, he directly wrote Da Nang Mountain's poems such as "Deng Da Nang Mountain with The Sons", "Deng Da Shan Pavilion Sending Jin Ling Zhang Shaofu", "Lu Ming Fu Nine Days Dan Shan Feast Yuan Envoy Zhang Lang Zhong Cui Yuanwai", "Accompanying Lu Ming Fu Pan Boat Back to Da Nang Mountain", "Da Shan Sending Zhang to Fei You Badong", "Da Shan Sending Xiao Yuanwai Jingzhou", "Da Shan Feng Fang Cui Zongzhi", "He Jia Master Book Ben 9 Days Deng Dan Shan", "Wounded Mountain Cloud Table Shangren" and other 9 poems, directly wrote Lu men mountain "and Zhang Ming Fu Deng Lu Men Mountain", "Wang Yi saw the search", "Dengjiang Zhongyu Gave Baiyun Mr. Wang Yuan" "Wang Yuan" Denglumen Mountain Huaigu", "Night Return to Lumen Song" and other 5 poems, but also in "Early Spring Hanzhong Yangzhou", "Qinzhong Bitter Rain Thoughts Return to Yuan Zuo Cheng He Waiter Lang", "Send Jia Sheng's Master Book of Jingfu", "Nine Days on the Way to Huai Xiangyang", "Send Wang Changling's Lingnan", "Send Han Envoys to Remove the Governor of Hongfu" and other poems mention Yanghu and Da Shan, such as "YangGong Da Shan Down" and "Tears Remember Da Nang Fall". "Night Return to Lumen Song" wrote that "the rock gate pine path is long and lonely, only the ghost comes and goes", Pang Gongqi's hidden place can come and go by itself, and it is necessary to work hard to become a sheep.

【Officials are not in a hurry, drinking is important】

After bidding farewell to friends who had gone to Beijing to take the exam many times, in 728 AD, the 40-year-old Meng Haoran finally went to Chang'an to take the exam. He wrote in "Early Spring in Chang'an" that "He Dang was promoted to glory one by one and returned to Wicker New." "It expresses the desire and the desire to win." However, the experience of the capital allowed him to open up the pattern, and in the secretary province, He gave a poem, and Meng Haoran said a sentence of "a slight cloud and a light river, a raindrop of sycamore", so that the people present did not dare to mention the pen, so that Zhang Jiuling and Wang Wei, the giants of the literary world at that time, "praised it gracefully".

Creation made people, but Meng Haoran fell behind. After that, he wrote a lot of poems to vent his dissatisfaction, "The northern soil is not my wish, and the Eastern Forest is pregnant with my teacher." The gold burns out, and the ambition declines year by year" ("Qin Zhong Sends Far Away People"), "Is it so faint that it is painful, but also for the power of Shen... Those who send words to be a passerby, go to Yibei Mountain Cen" ("Qin Zhong's Bitter Rain And Thoughts of Returning, Give Yuan Zuo Cheng and He Shilang"). Tasting its poetry, it is only a complaint that the imperial court does not appreciate itself, and does not accuse the court of unfair employment. According to the "Dengke Record Examination", Meng Haoran participated in the imperial examination in the year of Zhigongju was Yan Tingzhi, yan Tingzhi was the father of Yan Wu, a famous general who had settled in Caotang from Du Fu's family, and Xuancai had always been known for pingyun.

The idea of becoming an official faded a lot in Meng Haoran's heart. "And the things in the cup, who is the name of the world." ("The Yue of Ziluo"). From the seventeenth year of the new century to the twenty-fourth year of the new century, Meng Haoran traveled all the way to most of China.

The scope of activities is larger, there are more friends, previous acquaintances, friendships deepened, new friends, at first sight. Wang Wei, Li Bai, Wang Changling, Wang Zhizhuo, Du Fu and other great poets who shone in the starry sky of Chinese literature all became his confidants. Wang Wei has "Send Meng Liu back to Xiangyang": Du Men does not come back, and has been estranged from the world for a long time. Taking this as a good strategy, we advised the king to return to the old house. Drunkenly singing the wine of the field, laughing and reading the books of the ancients. Good is a lifetime, no labor to sacrifice the child. Li Bai has "Gift meng haoran": I love Mengfuzi, and the world is smelling. The red face abandons the crown, and the white head lies in the pine cloud. Drunken moon frequent saints, lost flowers do not matter. The mountains are safe and admirable, and the qingfen is in vain. The two poets who have never had an intersection of life have a deep affection for Meng Haoran. The words "no labor" and "futile" are also a bit of a jealous taste in the poem.

The opportunity to become an official is not absent. In the twenty-second year of the new century, Shannan's Eastern Province interviewed the envoy and Xiangzhou Assassin Han Chaozong wanted to take Meng Haoran to Beijing and recommend him as an official. On the day of departure, Meng Haoran happened to have a friend who came unexpectedly, so he drank happily, and the person next to him reminded him to hurry up and go to the appointment, meng Haoran casually refuted: "I have already drunk, let alone him!" Han Zhaozong was furious, threw off Meng Haoran and left, "Haoran is not remorseful." ”

On the way to friendship and Shi, Meng Haoran chose friendship. Maybe he realized that his character shortcomings were not suitable for mixing in the official field, and maybe he instinctively chose to escape, but meng Haoran, who was "long and long, steep and thin, wearing white robes, heavy boots and hats, riding on a section of horses, and falling in the wind" really should not belong to the official field.

[Meng Haoran met Emperor Tang Ming?] 】

There are not many people red, and so is Meng Haoran behind him. Wang Dingbao of the Five Dynasties recorded an anecdote about Meng Haoran's encounter with Emperor Ming of Tang in the Tang Dialect:

Once, (Wang Wei) summoned the merchant to be more elegant, suddenly met Xingwei, Haoran was stunned under the bed, Wei did not dare to hide, so he heard it. Shang Gladly said, "Shu Su smells his people." "Because of the commandments. Shang: "Will the secretary of state have a poem?" Haoran said, "The courtiers do not do what they do." "The Lord is the commandment. Haoran was commanded, and the poem was recited by worship: "The Northern Que Hugh is on the book, and the Southern Mountain is returned to our Lu." It is not only the Lord who abandons, and many sicknesses and neglect. Shangwen was surprised, and said: "I have never abandoned anyone, and I have not sought progress since I was a secretary of state, but I have done this!" Released to Nanshan by order. Lifetime.

The "Chronicle of Tang Poetry" and the "Biography of Tang Caizi" have reprinted this story, and the "New Book of Tang" has included it in the main history, which makes Meng Haoran a little more legendary. The story is very popular to read, but there are many things that don't make sense, such as not seeing what Wang Wei is doing from the beginning to the end. In the Qing Dynasty, He Wenhuan believed in the "Poetry of the Past Dynasties", "Wang Youcheng privately invited Meng Haoran to yu yuanzhong, and the Ming Emperor Wei was not guilty of sin, but instead recited poems, a thousand years of strange occasions." To the end of the verse, it is his destiny. Ge Changzhi said that the right beggar did not try to solve the Ming Emperor's shame at this time, and refused to recommend it in order to avoid his victory over himself. How to interpret the phrase 'not to know the Lord forsake'? Such arguments are truly with the heart of a villain, the belly of a gentleman. ”

In the 1980s, Mr. Li Jingbai, an expert in Meng Haoran's research, questioned the authenticity of Meng Haoran's encounter with Emperor Ming of Tang, and the most direct evidence was that it was not recorded in historical materials such as the Records of Xuanzong and the Old Book of Tang, and Wang Shiyuan, who lived slightly later than Meng Haoran, did not mention this matter in the "Meng Haoran Collection".

Tang Xuanzong was the longest-reigning emperor of the Tang Dynasty, and there are many legends attached to him and his courtiers. Ancient gossip books such as "Kaiyuan Tianbao Testament", "Miscellaneous Records of the Ming Emperor", "Miscellaneous Records of Pine Windows", "Biographies of Kaitian Biographies", "Benshi Poems", "Du Yang Miscellaneous Compilations", "Drama Talks", "Guiyuan Cong Talks" and other gossip ancient books abound. Perhaps later generations are quite nostalgic for the kaiyuan prosperity, so they collect stories to beautify him. The story of Meng Haoran meeting Emperor Tang Ming highlights the emperor's ease and reflects Meng Haoran's unbearableness.

As a model of the literati's revision of history, the New Book of Tang emphasizes that this matter may have the selfish intentions of Ouyang Xiu and others. Corporal LiXian of Song Renzong also met someone like Liu Yong who didn't understand things, and handling it like this just made Song Renzong feel comfortable. Meng Haoran encountered the Ming Emperor and saw the Renzong affair with Liu Yong, like an intertextual relationship.

【A hundred years later, Zhiyin is a fellow countryman】

In his later years, Meng Haoran served as the shogunate of Zhang Jiuling, and due to his physical illness and the unbearable bad rules of the officialdom, he returned home to recuperate in less than a year.

In 739, Wang Changling was demoted to Lingnan, passing through Xiangyang to visit Meng Haoran, who gave a poem: "Dongting goes far and near, and the maple leaves are early in autumn." Da Shou Yang Gong Love, Changsha Jia Yi Sorrow. The soil wind is untouched, and the rustic taste has a head. I have been sick with a disease, and I am even more troubled. Years of the same pen, the same day and night. Where is the spirit now, lovesickness and bullfighting. In 740, Wang Changling was pardoned and returned to the north and visited Meng Haoran again. Meng Haoran and Wang Changling, who thought they had been cured, sang and drank, and did not avoid eating the head bream, and as a result, they "ate fresh and fast" and died suddenly at the age of 52.

In 863, 123 years after Meng Haoran's death, the then 25-year-old poet Pi Rixiu traveled to Yingzhou, and specially went to Mengting to pay homage to fellow villager Meng Haoran, and the talented young man stirred his heart and wrote the "Record of Mengting in Yingzhou".

The opening chapter defines Meng Haoran's literary history status, "The Ming Emperor's World, the Wind of Chapters and Sentences... Push Li Hanlin and Du Gongbu for this particular purpose. Those who can be worthy of it in the meantime, only Mr. Meng of my hometown is also. "Meng Haoran is not inferior to Li Bai Dufu. Then discuss the characteristics of Meng's poems in detail, "Mr. Works, encountering scenery into chants, informal, so that those who are dirty and restrain the population, Han Han has the joy of dry xiao." Choosing a name sentence is better than losing Xiao Yu, Wang Rong, Xie Shuo and other former famous masters, and believes that Meng Haoran is a person throughout the ages, "If it is poor, then the heavenly lord is in the body; if it is said to die, it is immortal in the text." For the way of the soldier, and even to the end. With just over five hundred words, Meng Haoran's unique style jumped on the paper.

Born in the chaotic world of the late Tang Dynasty, Pi Rixiu never met in his life, he was not only remembering Meng Haoran, but also looking forward to the grand Tang Dynasty atmosphere of flowers cooking oil with a golden fire.

It's just that yesterday's various things are difficult to reproduce, Datang has walked into the dust of history in the "evils of a hundred gods", and Pi Rixiu has not been found.