Ovulation, for women of normal childbearing age, is a shadowy thing, don't look at it is every month on time to report, but you may not know it! nonrecognition? I'll test you!
On what day of the month do you ovulate?
How do I know if I have ovulated?
What happens to the body when ovulating?
If these questions can't be answered, just obediently read the article prepared for you by Zhimei.~
As early as the embryonic stage, the follicles in your body begin to actively stock up!
By puberty, each woman has 300,000 follicles stored in her body, and they are neatly stacked in the ovaries, waiting for the mission to come.
A 5-year-old girl freezes in a 2mm diameter ovarian cortical tablet,
Contains more than a thousand live follicles,
Each highlight is a living follicle.
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However, not every follicle is eligible to go to the outside world to see.
Every month, the ovaries "recruit" about a dozen follicles, which are screened under the "teaching culture" of various hormones.
In the end, there is a winning dominant follicle that becomes the lucky one, and when it matures, it can release the egg and complete the "debut".
The remaining follicles end the fate of the spare tire, and the atresia degenerates.
In a woman's lifetime, only 400-500 follicles can go out [1].
The process of ovulation is mainly regulated by hormones secreted by the hypothalamic-pituitary gland, like a big boss behind the scenes controlling the whole process.
Any factor that affects the secretion of these hormones may affect the release of eggs.
So if there is a problem with ovulation, it may not be all in the ovaries, but also to check whether there is a problem with hormone regulation.
In women with normal and regular menstruation, ovulation usually occurs about 14 days before the next menstrual period.
Ovulation is an important moment in your body, when it happens, it will naturally be a little different from usual, but this change is very subtle, many people are not aware of it.
Here are a few common changes to see how many you can spot
Changes in body temperature
After each ovulation, a woman's basal body temperature can rise by 0.3 to 0.5°C under the influence of progesterone[1].
With the atrophy of the corpus luteum, the body temperature gradually decreases, and this change in body temperature can help you verify whether there is ovulation, and the length of time that the body temperature rises is maintained can also be used to reflect the function of the corpus luteum.
Basal thermometer
Abdominal pain
This is what everyone calls "ovulation pain", there is no problem in coming to the hospital for examination, but it is a little uncomfortable.
In fact, this is when the egg is released, the follicle on the surface of the ovaries is broken or the surface blood vessel is broken, which in turn makes the follicular fluid or blood irritate the peritoneum, causing the woman to have a sudden pain sensation, like cramps.
Increased vaginal discharge
As the menstrual cycle progresses, vaginal discharge gradually increases and appears thin and milky white. By the time of ovulation, the vaginal discharge gradually becomes translucent and egg white-like, and some women have a damp feeling in the pubic area.
Changes in libido
Some women experience a feeling of increased libido during ovulation. Studies have shown that women's loneliness and sexual drive increase before ovulation, and sexual behavior is more active during this period [2].
Decreased immunity
Progesterone produced after ovulation may cause a decrease in the number of some immune cells in the body and a suppressed reproductive immune response.
Although decreased immunity cannot be measured by feelings, it can give illness an opportunity when the body is weak [3].
Eggs go out and don't report to me, how can I know if there is ovulation?
In fact, ovulation is not unpredictable, the following methods, can monitor ovulation.
1. Menstrual cycle estimation
Ovulation generally occurs about 14 days before the next menstrual period, and if a woman's menstruation is regular, it can be calculated forward according to the cycle.
Although this method does not require a penny, break the finger to be clear, but the regular menstruation is affected by too many internal and external factors, not always so accurate.
2. Basal body temperature monitoring
When you wake up every morning, don't do anything, just pick up the prepared thermometer and start measuring.
During the ovulation period, the body temperature will rise by 0.3 °C to 0.5 °C compared with usual.
This matter needs to be insisted on, and only by connecting the daily body temperature into a line can a slight change be found by comparing it before and after.
Basal body temperature is not only affected by a variety of factors, but ovulation may be missed when an increase in body temperature is found.
3. Ovulation test strips
Before ovulation, luteinizing hormone (LH) rises and peaks before ovulation, while ovulation occurs within 1-2 days after the peak [4].
To test with dipsticks, clean mid-section urine is taken at the same time period of the day and the dip strips are immersed in them.
If the color of the reaction line is the same as the color of the control line, ovulation is indicated within 48 hours, and ovulation within 14-28 hours is indicated when the color of the control line is deeper.
Through continuous monitoring, when this response turns from strong positive to weak, the egg is about to come out.
To avoid missing ovulation, it is necessary to start measuring around the 10th day of menstruation, and when the reaction color gradually strengthens, measure more diligently and quickly, preferably every 4 hours.
Therefore, whether it can be measured in time, whether the sample is clean or diluted, and whether the color change is subjectively affected may be the reasons that limit its accuracy.
None of the above methods require going to the hospital and can be achieved at home. If you need to know the ovulation situation more accurately, you can go to the hospital for ultrasound B for ovulation monitoring.
01
During the menstrual cycle of 3-5 days, round or oval follicles may be visible in the ovaries, at this time the diameter is 2-7 mm;
02
When it grows to about 10 mm it becomes a dominant follicle, after which it grows rapidly;
03
Mature follicles when up to 18-20 mm in diameter, indicating that ovulation will occur within 24 hours;
04
After ovulation, the follicles also disappear [5].
Menstrual regulars can start with a cycle of about 10 days, irregulars can start with increased vaginal discharge, and shorten the interval between monitoring as follicles grow [6].
Although this method has the highest accuracy, frequent visits to the hospital are not a convenient option.
If the previous method has not been successful, it is not too late to try it again.
As the name suggests, ovulation bleeding refers to bleeding that occurs during the perovulation period or about 7 days after menstruation is clean, but the amount of bleeding is not much, it will last for 1-3 days, and it will also be accompanied by symptoms such as minor abdominal pain and breast swelling.
The cause of this abnormal bleeding is fluctuations in estrogen levels.
Whether the bleeding during ovulation has an impact on the body depends mainly on how much bleeding, duration, etc., if the symptoms are mild, you can not care, and treatment can be considered when it is serious.
Treatment needs to start from hormone regulation, choose different regimens according to the fertility requirements, no fertility requirements can use estrogen, compound oral contraceptives, estrogen-progesterone sequential treatment;
If fertility is required, ovulation-promoting drugs such as clomiphene and letrozole can be used to prevent the recurrence of bleeding [7].
"The most important responsibility of eggs is the breeding of the next generation, so is it not so important for women who do not want children to ovulate or not?"
Myths
The process of ovulation is not only the birth of eggs, but also the regulation of endocrine.
No ovulation, the corpus luteum can not form, progesterone does not appear, which will lead to the uterine lining is continuously "fed" by a steady stream of estrogen, will inevitably overgrow, the lining will show different degrees of proliferative changes.
More recently, it can be manifested as anovulatory abnormal uterine bleeding, that is, menstrual disorders;
If this is the case for a long time, endometrial hyperplasia may occur only in mild cases, and in severe cases, the risk of endometrial cancer may increase [8]!
Therefore, for women who do not ovulate, they need to pay enough attention to go to the hospital for diagnosis and treatment in time.
Targeted treatment is carried out according to the cause of non-ovulation, so that eggs "debut" in every menstrual cycle!
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Cai Dongli,Yao Xiaoying. Hormone regulation of mucosal immunity in the female genital tract[J].Journal of Cell and Molecular Immunology,2015,31(08):1124-1127.
Liu Wei,Wang Liyan,Zheng Dianmin. Research progress on comparative methods for monitoring ovulation[J].Inner Mongolia Medical Journal,2008(02):207-208.
Xu Xiaoqing. Clinical significance of ultrasound monitoring of ovulation[J].Chinese Maternal and Child Health Care, 2000(03):53.
Zhang Xiaomei,Wu Ze. Application of vaginal B ultrasound in ovulation monitoring[J].Journal of Practical Obstetrics and Gynecology,2008(08):460-462.
ZHANG Wei. Causes and diagnosis and treatment of intermenstrual hemorrhage[J].Journal of Practical Obstetrics and Gynecology,2016,32(12):887-890.
Pan Ping,Yang Dongzi. Long-term complications of rare ovulation and anovulation[J].China Family Planning and Obstetrics and Gynecology,2014,6(03):11-15.
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