ambition
【Chu Tang Dynasty, Wang Ji, Five Words and Verses】
Donggao looked at the twilight and leaned on what he wanted.
The trees are all autumn colors, and the mountains are only falling.
Shepherds drive calves back, and hunting horses bring birds back.
Looking at each other without acquaintance, long song Huai Tse-wei.
Pinyin version:
dōng gāo blind leopard wàng,xǐ yǐ yù hé yī 。
shù shù jiē qiū sè ,shān shān wéi luò huī 。
blind rén qū dú fǎn ,liè mǎ long qín guī 。
zhǎng gēái cǎi wēi 。
[Introduction]
"Wild Hope" is the work of the poet Wang Ji in the late Sui and early Tang dynasties. This poem describes the quiet autumn scenery of the hermitage, in a leisurely mood, with a bit of wandering, loneliness and bitterness, is Wang Ji's representative work, and it is also the earliest surviving Tang poetry with a complete five-word rhythm poem. The first link uses the action of "migration" and the psychological description of "desire and dependence" to lyrically; the jaw link writes trees and writes mountains, a school of tranquility and tranquility; the neck link uses several verbs "drive", "return", "belt" and "return" for dynamic description, with dynamic background; the tail link borrows lyricism and blends scenes. The whole poem is natural and fluent in speech, and the style is simple and fresh, getting rid of the light and gorgeous poetic style of the early Tang Dynasty, and it is unique in the poetry circle at that time.
[Notes]
(1) Donggao (gāo): Donggao Village in Hejin County, Shanxi Province, where the poet lived in seclusion. Twilight: In the evening, when the sun is about to set. Thin, imminent. "Chu Ci Tianwen": "Bo Twilight Thunder and Lightning, why worry?" If you are strict and do not obey, why should the emperor ask for it? ”
(2) Leaning (xǐyǐ): Wandering, wandering. "Chu Ci Yuanyou": "Step by step and think remotely, trance and obedience." "Yi: Guiyi.
(3) Autumn color: a "spring color".
(4) Sunset: The afterglow of the setting sun. Jin Luji's poem "Proposed Dongcheng Yi He Gao": "Three Lu knots fly, and the big one falls into the sun." ”
(5) Calves (dú): Calves, here refers to cattle herds.
(6) Birds: birds and beasts, here refers to prey.
(7) Looking at each other: looking at each other; looking at each other. Southern Dynasty Liang Liu Xie's "Wenxin Carved Dragon Zhiyin": "It is said that Shi Qian wrote a book and consulted Dongfang Shuo, so Huan Tan's disciples laughed at each other." ”
(8) Cevi: Wei is a plant. According to legend, after King Wu of Zhou destroyed the Shang, Boyi and Shuqi did not want to be Zhou's courtiers, so they ate wei on the Shouyang Mountain, and finally starved to death. In ancient times, "Cevi" referred to the life of seclusion. The "Book of Poetry, Zhao Nan, Grass Worm" has: "Migrate to the South Mountain, and talk about the vegetables and their wei." I have not seen a gentleman, and my heart is sad. And the "Book of Poetry, Xiaoya Tsevi" has: "Tsevi Tsevi, Wei also stops." The return of the family, the reason for the fox; not to mention the qiju, the reason for the fox. Here, the meaning of the second poem is used to express his bitterness.
[Translation]
Standing in Donggao in the evening and looking into the distance, I wandered and did not know where to belong,
Layers of woods are dyed with autumn colors, and the mountains are covered with the afterglow of the setting sun.
The shepherd drove the herd back home, and the hunter returned home with many prey.
Everyone is relatively speechless and doesn't know each other, and I really want to live in seclusion in Yamaoka!
[About the Author]
Wang Ji (585–644), courtesy name Wugong, was a native of Longmen,Dai prefecture (present-day Hejin, Shanxi). Brother of Wang Tong. Often dwelling in Donggao, the number Ofdonggaozi. Shi Sui was the secretary of the province, and the tang dynasty was the former official who waited for the zhao men to go to the province. After abandoning the official and returning to his hometown. Most of his poems use wine as the theme, praising Ji Kang, Ruan Zhi and Tao Qian, mocking Zhou and Kong Lijiao, revealing decadent negative thoughts, and showing dissatisfaction with reality. The original collection has been dispersed, and the posterity has the "Donggao Subset" (a "Wang Wugong Collection").
Appreciation one
One/
After Wang Ji entered the Tang Dynasty, he was sent to the province as a secretary to the province, and soon resigned and returned to his hometown. In the zhenguan, he became a Tai Le Cheng and returned. This poem was written when the poet resigned his official residence in Donggao (in present-day Hejin, Shanxi).
Overall appreciation
This poem is written about autumn scenery in the mountains. The whole poem exudes a lonely and depressed mood in the description of Xiao Seyi's quiet scenery, and expresses the feelings of melancholy and loneliness. "Donggao is thin and twilight, and he wants to rely on it." Gao is a waterside land. Donggao refers to a place in his hometown of Longmen in Daizhou. After his retreat, he often traveled to Beishan and Donggao, calling himself "Donggaozi". "Leaning" means wandering. "Want He Yi", using the meaning of "the moon star is rare, the black magpie flies south, three turns around the tree, and He Zhi can be relied on" in Cao Cao's "Short Song Line", showing the mood of boredom.
The following four sentences write about the scenery seen in the twilight: "The trees are all autumn colors, and the mountains are only sunset." Shepherds drive calves back, and hunting horses bring birds back. Looking around, there was an autumn color everywhere, and it looked more and more depressed in the afterglow of the sunset. On this quiet background, close-ups of shepherds and horse hunters, with a pastoral pastoral atmosphere, make the whole picture come alive. These four poems are like a picture of the autumn evening of the mountain family, light and color, long-range and close-up, static and dynamic, just right.
However, Wang Ji could not find solace in the countryside like Tao Yuanming, so he finally said: "There is no acquaintance with each other, and the long song is huai Caiwei." "Saying that he is lonely in reality, he has to go after the ancient hermits and make friends with people like Bo Yi and Shu Qi."
People who are familiar with Tang poems may not feel that this poem has any special benefits. However, if you read it all the way down from the Song, Qi, Liang, and Chen of the Southern Dynasty in the order of poetry history, and suddenly read this "Wild Hope", you will applaud its simplicity. Most of the southern dynasty poetry is gorgeous, like a pearlescent noblewoman wrapped in satin. Stepping out of the pile of noblewomen, I suddenly met a village girl with a thorny cloth skirt, and her simple beauty without fat powder will produce a special charm. Wang Ji's "Wild Hope" has such a simple benefit.
The genre of this poem is the five-word poem. Since the Southern Dynasty Qi Yongming, Shen Yue and others applied the knowledge of sound rhythm to the creation of poetry, and this new genre of rhythm poetry has been brewing. By the shen period of the early Tang Dynasty and the Song Zhiwen period, the poetry of the law was stereotyped and became an important poetic genre. Wang Ji, who was more than sixty years earlier than Shen and Song, was already able to write such a mature rhythmic poem as "Wild Hope", indicating that he was a person who dared to try new forms. The poem has two lyrical statements at the beginning and the end, and the middle two are written in the middle, and after the repetition of love-scene-love, the meaning of the poem is deepened by one layer. This is in line with a basic rule of the Vinaya.
Famous reviews
"Tang Poetry Direct Interpretation": Shallow but not thin.
"Tang Poetry Commentary": The opening sentence is to break the problem. "Autumn color" is insufficient, and it is full of meaning. "Falling Sun" should be "thin twilight", and the two sentences "return" and "return" are born.
"Tang Shi Zhi": The former writes the scene of wild hope, and the prescription reveals its own intentions. The third and fourth metaphors are late, and the heavens and the earth are closed, and the image of the wise and the hidden is also. Therefore, the end of the "Cai Wei", Gai wants to track the meaning of Yi and Qi, but it is subtle and deep, does not reveal clues, and the knot method is deep. After obtaining this knot, he ascended to the Tang Dynasty and was not a Revival of Chen and Sui Theravada Zen.
"Tang Law Summer Record": This intention poem, "Bo Twilight Hope", "Desire He Yi", the main sentence is also. The following "autumn colors", "falling sun", "shepherds", and "horse hunting" are all scenes of "thin twilight"; the words "all", "only" and "gui" are all "desire and dependence". So with the sentence "care for each other", I always pause. The last sentence says that you have your heart also. Again: The poem says "helplessness" emotions, straight to the seventh sentence. If there is a slight impurity in the chest, it will be exposed. The phrase "long song" stands on the wall. Or ask whether this sentence can be the main sentence, cover this sentence is the main opinion in the chest, not the main sentence in the poem, the so-called lord of the lord also.
"Tang Poetry": Only hidden ears. Sui Japanese style is slight, and it is composed without merit, that is, the meaning of the poet "north wind" and "rain and snow". However, Tang Xing's signs were clear.
"Ancient Tang Poetry Combined Solution": Wang Yaoqu said: This poem has the clearest style, and it is advisable to take it to press the volume. Depending on this, the law begins and turns into a clear one.
anonymous
Appreciation
2nd/
This is a five-word poem describing the scenery of the mountains in autumn. The poetic style is simple and natural, and in the plain, it shows the depressed and bitter mood of the poet "caring for each other without acquaintance", which is very different from the beautiful and flashy literary habits since Qi Liang. The whole poem washes away the lead and breathes a fresh breath into the Tang Chu Shiyuan, which is one of Wang Ji's representative works.
"Donggao is thin and twilight, and he wants to rely on it." The first two sentences are mainly lyrical. "Donggao", generally refers to the waterside highland near The Longmen of Daizhou, Wang Ji's hometown, borrowed from Tao Yuanming's (returned to the word) "Dengdonggao to Shu Xiao" verse, implying that after the poet returned to hermitage, he tried to cultivate Donggao, so he called himself "Donggaozi". "Leaning" means wandering. "Want He Yi", using the verse of Cao Cao's "Short Song Line", "Three turns around the tree, He Zhi can be relied on". These two poems are described in a plain and bland way, first of all, in the thin twilight, the poet stands on top of Donggao, looking around, a kind of modhow lonely melancholy gushes into the heart, making it impossible to calm down, so that the view will naturally be painted with a layer of psychological imbalance, and provide a clever preparation for the middle four sentences to write the scene.
"The trees are all autumn colors, and the mountains are only falling.". This is the poet's depiction of the thick lines of the landscape in front of him, focusing on the transparency of color, the layers of woods have been dyed with a golden autumn color, and the rolling hills can only see the afterglow of the sunset, what a quiet, open and beautiful picture. Even in the faint twilight, people can still feel the strong reflection of the autumn forest between the mountains and the sunset of the light and color. Then the poet's pen turned to the moving narrative: "The shepherd drives the calves back." Hunting horses bring birds back. "Focusing on the vivid scene of the release of the mountains and fields seen in the field of vision, for the whole quiet picture, inject a beating emotion and a happy interest." Several verbs in the sentence are "drive", "back", "belt", "return", "return". Use it naturally and vigilantly. This dynamic depiction further sets off the tranquility of the autumn evening scene, and the poet interweaves the mountains, trees, calves and horses into a wonderful artistic picture in a quiet and moving description. The harmony of light and color, the combination of long-range and close-up, are so white and harmonious, people can't help but have a certain reverie, and even forget their feelings in the comfortable and leisurely field.
However, the immersive Wang Ji, his feelings are far from being as spiritually comforted as the pastoral poets, but what arises is a certain feeling of dazedness and loneliness. "Looking at each other without acquaintance, long song Huai Tse-wei". These last two sentences completely express the bitterness and sorrow in the poet's heart, since he can't find friends who know each other in reality, he has no choice but to chase after the reclusive people like Huai Boyi and Shu Qi who do not eat Zhou Su and go up the mountain to wei. Someone commented: "Reading the "Wild Hope" chapter, I know that Gao Shi is broad-minded, transcendent, and has a hidden feeling." Eons have had their own confidants. ((Delete Tang Poetry Selected Pulse Notes Interpretation Huitong Commentary Forest)) is deeply rooted in the main theme of this poem.
The poem begins with two lyrical statements. The middle two-way scene, through the deepening of the layers of writing scenes with love and borrowing scenery, skillfully connects the poet's lonely wandering feelings with the autumn twilight that envelops the four wildernesses, bringing readers an intuitive sense of art and the pleasure of beauty. The inexhaustible meaning contained in the poem makes people chew and taste for a long time. The language of the whole poem is straight and fresh, natural and fluent, shallow and deep, and the sentences are powerful, which opens up a precedent for the innovation of Tang poetry and the poetic language of future generations
"Wild Hope" [Chu Tang Wang Ji Five Words Law Poem]
Standing in Donggao in the evening and looking into the distance, I wandered and did not know where to belong.
Donggao (gāo): A place where poets live in seclusion. Twilight: Late afternoon. Thin, imminent. Xǐyǐ: Wandering, walking back and forth. Yi: Attribution.
Autumn color: a "spring color". Sunset: Sunset.
The shepherd drove the cattle back to their homes, and the hunters galloped past me with their prey.
Calf (dú): Calf, in this case the herd. Birds: Birds and beasts, here referring to prey.
Tse-Wei: Wei is a plant. According to legend, after King Wu of Zhou destroyed the Shang, Boyi and Shuqi did not want to be Zhou's courtiers, so they ate wei on the Shouyang Mountain, and finally starved to death. In ancient times, "Cevi" referred to the life of seclusion.
"Wild Hope" is the work of the poet Wang Ji in the late Sui and early Tang dynasties. As can be seen from the title of the poem, this is a landscape poem.
Among the many great Poets of the Tang Dynasty, Wang Ji's fame was not too high. However, this "Wild Hope" is a fresh and natural masterpiece, and the second is the earliest surviving Tang poetry with a complete five-character rhythm poem.
"Donggao is thin and twilight, and he wants to rely on it." Standing in Donggao in the evening and looking into the distance, I wandered and did not know where to belong.
He lived in seclusion in his hometown, looking at the wilderness near the evening, and his mood seemed to be sad.
"The trees are all autumn colors, and the mountains are only falling." Layers of woods are dyed with autumn colors, and the mountains are covered with the afterglow of the setting sun.
The jaws must be fought.
Looking around, the mountains are stacked, full of autumn colors.
"The shepherd drives the calves back, and the hunting horses bring the birds back." The shepherd drove the cattle back to their homes, and the hunters galloped past me with their prey.
The neck joint must also be opposed.
An idyllic twilight map.
"We don't know each other, and we sing a long song." Everyone is relatively speechless and doesn't know each other, and I really want to live in seclusion in Yamaoka!
Since there is no confidant in real life (in fact, it is pointed out that Shi), it is better to be a reclusive person.
Here, the poet quotes the allusion of "Cai Wei", that is, Bo Yi and Shu Qi do not eat Zhou Su, but go up the mountain to wei and be a recluse.
The tail link expresses the poet's contradictory mood of wanting to make a career but afraid of hurt. To say here, the poet's life is actually three things and three hidden.
"Wild Hope" is a five-word poem describing the scenery of the mountains in autumn. It expresses the ambivalent mood of the poet who wants to make a name for himself, but does not adapt to the sinister path of his career, and expresses the bitterness and regret in the poet's heart.
Appendix: The Laws of the Five Laws
For the Tang Dynasty, the Wuyan Rhythm Poem is a new poetic style born from the Wuyan Ancient Poem, which inherits the principle of the Five Ancient Sentences with Definite Characters and the Rhyme of the Interval Sentences, and draws on the sound rhythm and duality principles of the Piao Script, and has developed in many aspects:
(1) Eight sentences per poem, five words per sentence, a total of four crosses;
(b) the third and fourth sentences, the fifth and sixth sentences must be confronted;
(3) Ping Ping must be arranged in accordance with a specific format, with one link speaking right and two pairs speaking sticky;
(4) It can only rhyme flat, and the rhyme has a fixed position, that is, the rhyme of an even number of sentences (the first sentence can be rhymed or not), and the rhyme cannot be changed to the end;
(5) The rhythmic form is strictly two two-tone steps plus one single-tone step, and the single-tone step can only appear in the middle or the end of the sentence, not at the beginning, and the two adjacent two-tone steps must be opposite.
According to the above rules, the five-word poem is divided into two bodies, flat and low, and each body is divided into two types: positive and partial. The five-word verse is correct in the first sentence, and it is common to use the slang style.
Like the seven-word poem, the five-word poem is four and eight sentences, and each link has a specific name, the first is called the first link, the second is called the jaw link, the third is called the neck link, and the fourth link is called the tail link. The jaw and neck joints must be opposed, and the first and tail joints can be right or wrong. Different from the seven laws, the first sentence of the five laws is used more in conjunction with the battle, mainly because the first sentence of the five laws does not rhyme more, and the first sentence of the seven laws does not rhyme less. But this reason is not absolute, in the case of the first sentence into rhyme, there are still examples of the first couplet of the battle.
The five-word poem has four basic sentence patterns:
仄仄平平仄 (仄起仄收式);
平平仄仄平 (平起平拢 type);
平平平仄仄 (平起仄收式);
仄仄仄平平 (仄起平收式).
These four sentence patterns are the basis for the change in the format of the five-word poem, which constitutes the four basic formats of the five-word verse.