In recent years, the application of hydrogen energy in the field of transportation has been unprecedented, in addition to the ordinary fuel cell buses and cars, the development of hydrogen energy special vehicles is also in full swing.
From material handling equipment forklifts, to sanitation vehicles, refrigerated vehicles, etc., the development of hydrogen fuel cells in other small and medium-sized application scenarios is getting better and better, and hydrogen energy special vehicles have become an important way for hydrogen energy terminal applications.
2021: The first year of the development of hydrogen energy forklifts
Forklifts, also known as industrial vehicles, are more broadly concepted as material handling equipment. Under the strategic goal of "double carbon", hydrogen energy has recently caught fire in the forklift industry, and the domestic forklift market is simply "hydrogen" wind. 2021 can be said to be the first year of hydrogen forklifts.
On July 15, the hydrogen forklift jointly developed and manufactured by Guohong Hydrogen Energy, Yixun Chuangneng and Jungheinrich was unveiled in Qingpu District, Shanghai, and will jointly introduce hydrogen energy forklifts to the market in the future;
On September 18, The first fuel cell forklift "Qing" 10+ of Wenli Technology successfully rolled off the production line;
On September 28, XCMG Forklift trucks and Tianneng Battery jointly released the hydrogen fuel cell system for forklifts;
On September 29, Tianneng Hydrogen Energy and XCMG Special Aircraft jointly released the "Liding" series of forklift hydrogen electric system. The system adopts long-life graphite stack, multi-dimensional BOP control platform, air compressor + hydrogen circulation system, which greatly improves the performance of system life power;
On October 8, Yanshan Petrochemical held the launching ceremony of hydrogen energy forklift scene application. At the ceremony, the X32 hydrogen fuel cell forklift jointly produced by New Hydrogen Power and Hangcha Group was successfully delivered;
On October 28, the first 4-5 tons hydrogen fuel cell forklift truck of Anhui Forklift Truck Group, a leading forklift truck, was unveiled in Shanghai;
On November 7, Jungheinrich Forklift Truck signed a cooperation agreement with Shanghai Yixun Chuangneng New Energy Technology Co., Ltd. to cooperate around hydrogen energy forklifts;
On November 19, Shanghai Aerospace 811 and Shanghai Heli signed a contract for 20 3-ton hydrogen energy forklifts (CPD30-GB2CFC). The 20 3-ton hydrogen energy forklifts in this cooperation will be equipped with a 10KW cathode closed-air-cooled metal plate fuel cell power system produced by aerospace hydrogen energy. The forklift can complete the hydrogenation in 2 minutes, and the battery life does not decay with the ambient temperature.
Xiongtao Shares, Hydrogen Pu Chuangneng, Feng Hydrogen Yang, Burretton, Qingneng Shares and other enterprises have been developing or have launched fuel cell products suitable for forklift trucks. Multiple forces are launching at the same time, and hydrogen energy forklifts are opening up a new format of commercial application of hydrogen energy. Hydrogen energy forklifts are hot in China's forklift market, and a "hydrogen energy heat" has been blown up in the industry.
Hydrogen energy forklift is the "ideal in the world"
The development of traditional fossil fuels to this day has exposed many problems, such as environmental pollution problems, fuel shortage problems, in order to solve these problems we are actively looking for forklift fuel alternatives. Hydrogen is just in line with our needs, it is rich in reserves, does not emit toxic and harmful substances after combustion, and is the most ideal alternative fuel for forklifts.
Carbon emissions of different types of forklift trucks
The use of hydrogen fuel cells on forklifts can perfectly overcome the limitations of fuel forklifts and electric forklifts, hydrogen fuel cells are completely zero emissions, no pollution to the environment; no external power supply, there is no transfer pollution source; hydrogenation speed is fast, can achieve long-term continuous work; forklifts on hydrogen fuel cells the technical requirements are not high, output power is not large, manufacturing costs are better controlled, with the increase in output can be rapidly reduced; forklifts are generally operating in a small range, no need to invest in the construction of hydrogen refueling stations. Therefore, from the above points of view, forklifts and hydrogen fuel cells can be regarded as a relatively perfect combination.
The advantage of hydrogen fuel cell forklift trucks is: inflated for 3 minutes, used for 5 hours, which has a great charging time cost advantage over lead-acid batteries and lithium batteries, and achieves the same effect as diesel vehicle refueling. This can significantly improve the efficiency of the forklift truck, and has a longer service life, so that the operator's cost can be reasonably controlled.
At present, the development of hydrogen forklifts has ushered in many benefits, from a macro level, the country's double carbon targets and policies have brought Dongfeng to the development of hydrogen forklifts, in addition, thanks to the rapid development of hydrogen vehicles, the cost of core components such as stacks has dropped significantly. At the enterprise level, new energy forklifts are the trend of the times, customers' understanding of hydrogen forklifts is getting deeper and deeper, and the demand is gradually opening, these favorable factors have laid a good foundation for the future development of hydrogen forklifts.
Hydrogen forklifts still have room for breakthroughs
"The development of hydrogen energy forklifts can be expected in the future, but it will take time to break through upwards, and there are still several major challenges in domestic hydrogen forklifts:
First, at the technical level, most of the domestic fuel cell BOP accessories follow the development of high-power products, and small-power products similar to forklifts and other application scenarios are often ignored by the upstream supply chain, which also requires the joint efforts of the upstream and downstream supply chains. Second, at the cost level, a major problem facing hydrogen forklifts is still cost, and higher fuel cell system costs, purchase costs, and gas costs still hinder the rapid promotion of hydrogen energy forklifts. In addition, at the application level, the convenience of hydrogen refueling of hydrogen forklifts has not been well solved.
If these problems are solved, the application prospects of hydrogen forklifts will be very broad, and the rise is just around the corner.
In the past decade, The scale of China's forklift truck market has been expanding, with more than 2.5 million units in the market. In the future, in response to the national "double carbon" plan, the hydrogen energy forklift market is promising, and the development of the forklift industry is less affected by the policy, compared with other products in the construction machinery industry, the forklift industry is expected to take the lead in launching large-scale commercial applications.
Hydrogen energy city buses are large households
In the "Road Motor Vehicle Manufacturers and Product Announcements" released in 2021, there are a total of 250 hydrogen fuel cell vehicle announcements. Among them, the models include: transport vehicles, refrigerated trucks, sanitation vehicles, tractors, insulation vehicles, dump trucks, buses, etc. Fuel cell system power is 35kW-162kW (rated power).
In the announcement of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles in 2021, a total of 11 models are listed. Among them, the largest proportion is mainly for the city bus to reach 57 units, accounting for 22%; followed by 50 tractors, accounting for 19%.
Hydrogen sanitation vehicles are deeply supported by the government
In recent years, the length of roads and the amount of garbage removal in the country have continued to grow, laying a broad space for the sanitation vehicle market. All localities are increasingly inclined to comprehensively solve the problem of urban appearance and environmental sanitation, and accelerate the application of fuel cell sanitation vehicles. Local governments have also purchased some hydrogen energy sanitation vehicles through bidding to solve the problem of urban environmental pollution.
On February 25, 2021, the first 100KW-class hydrogen fuel cell sanitation heavy truck jointly developed by Beiben Heavy Duty Truck and Shanghai Jiaotong University and equipped with the blue energy vehicle hydrogen supply system was officially rolled off the production line in Inner Mongolia, and a single injection of hydrogen fuel can easily last more than 350km, which has aroused industry concern.
At present, China National Heavy Duty Truck and Shaanxi Automobile Holdings have also launched fuel cell sanitation vehicles. More and more enterprises layout hydrogen fuel cell sanitation vehicles, on the one hand, they see the advantages of hydrogen fuel cell sanitation vehicles, hydrogen fuel cell sanitation vehicles need only 10 to 15 minutes to fill the hydrogen process, compared with pure electric sanitation vehicles, hydrogen fuel cell sanitation vehicles save at least 4 hours of charging time. Hydrogen fuel cell sanitation vehicles can operate normally in complex climates and environments such as heat, drought, humidity, sand and dust, and cold, and are more applicable. The hydrogen fuel cell sanitation vehicle effectively solves the problem of battery performance attenuation under low temperature conditions and greatly improves the operation efficiency.
Among them, the hydrogen fuel sprinkler truck runs smoothly, has no noise pollution, avoids disturbance, and has better safety.
On the other hand, because of the advantages of clean and pollution-free, hydrogen fuel cell sanitation vehicles have been supported by local governments in recent years, and commercial applications are just around the corner.
Hydrogen energy logistics vehicle demonstration and promotion of the mainstream
According to the statistics of the alliance, by the end of October 2021, the national monitoring and management platform for new energy vehicles has accumulated 6910 hydrogen fuel cell vehicles nationwide. Among them, the three demonstration city clusters have accumulated 4283 vehicles, accounting for 61.98%. From the perspective of fuel cell vehicles promoted in the demonstration city cluster, the proportion of logistics special vehicles and buses is relatively high. Among them, the logistics special vehicles have accumulated 2602 vehicles, accounting for 60.75%
In April 2018, the hydrogen energy vehicles of Zhongshan Xiaobee Logistics Service Co., Ltd. were officially put into operation; in June 2018, JD Logistics announced the large-scale introduction of more than 150 hydrogen energy logistics vehicles in Shanghai, ending the preliminary testing work and officially normalizing operation. Since then, the demonstration and promotion of hydrogen energy logistics vehicles has increased, and logistics companies such as SF and Zhongtong have begun to use hydrogen energy logistics vehicles.
Hydrogen fuel cell logistics vehicles are a subdivision application scenario of hydrogen energy in the field of urban or intercity medium- and long-distance freight transportation, and are currently the main part of the domestic hydrogen fuel cell vehicles in operation. Hydrogen fuel cell logistics vehicles with a load capacity of >3 tons and a cruising range of > 400KM will be more cost-effective than pure electric vehicles in TCO from 2025 to 2030.
Each of the five special vehicles has application space
1. Hydrogen fuel cell refrigerated truck
In April 2021, Foshan Feichi Automobile Technology Co., Ltd., a subsidiary of Meijin Energy, delivered a 4.5T solid-state hydrogen storage fuel cell refrigerated truck to Shenzhen Jiahua Lidao New Technology Development Co., Ltd. The low-pressure alloy hydrogen storage system and hydrogenation system used in the vehicle are the products independently developed by Jawalidao, with independent intellectual property rights; the compartment volume is 19.2m?, using polyurethane foam insulation layer, F class refrigeration box, good refrigeration effect, high thermal insulation performance, can meet fresh, frozen products and other transportation requirements.
Hydrogen fuel refrigerated trucks, 5 minutes of hydrogenation, minus 30 degrees Celsius start-up and worry-free high adaptability, will become an effective supplement to the urban distribution cold chain logistics.
2. Hydrogen fuel cell tractor
As an industry benchmark enterprise, Dongfeng Commercial Vehicles has taken the lead in the production and manufacture of new energy fuel cell tractors. The hydrogen-fueled tractor built by Dongfeng Commercial Vehicles has reached the industry-leading core parameters of commercialization. Matched with 113kw fuel cell system and 100kwh power battery, matched with 250kw/360kw high efficiency motor, strong power and high reliability, and achieve true zero emissions.
4. Hydrogen fuel cell dump truck
To meet the large load of mine transportation, but also to meet the long endurance of continuous operation, mining vehicles have always been considered to be a very important application scenario of hydrogen fuel cells.
In December 2021, Beijing's first hydrogen fuel cell heavy-duty dump truck entered Beijing Zhongdong New Energy Technology Co., Ltd. for work scenario application tests. The car is developed by Foton Motor Group based on the EST8x431t power-changing dump truck, adding fuel cells and hydrogen storage systems, using hydrogen fuel cells to provide power, water is the only emission, and achieving "zero emissions, zero pollution, and low noise".
On December 8, the 2021 UNDP Hydrogen Energy Industry Conference with the theme of "Creating a Hydrogen Era Together, Drawing Carbon Neutrality" was held in Foshan. A green "Big Mac" hydrogen fuel cell dump truck has successfully exited the circle among many hydrogen energy vehicles and attracted a lot of attention.
5. Hydrogen fuel cell muck truck
In January 2021, the 31t fuel cell slag truck developed by Guangzhou Xiongtao Hydrogen Heng for Guangzhou City officially rolled off the production line, which will be used for the trial operation of the first batch of 500 hydrogen fuel cell slag trucks in Huangpu District and Guangzhou Development Zone of Guangzhou.
Hydrogen fuel cell slag truck has high sealing, the cover plate installed on the car is a swing arm type fully closed cover, effectively control the residual mud leakage and dust pollution; the use efficiency is high, the whole life cycle environmental protection "zero emission", will effectively solve the environmental pollution problems caused by the fuel muck truck.
Accelerating the development of the hydrogen energy industry is a strategic choice to achieve sustainable development under the goal of double carbon, and the development of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles is a strategic measure to cope with climate change and promote green development.
As a hydrogen energy special vehicle, the current scope of application is very wide, but the number is still small, from the perspective of solving carbon emissions in the transportation field, the future needs to increase the sales and use of hydrogen energy special vehicles.
At present, the sales of special vehicles are insufficient, in addition to the reasons for the high price, the corresponding infrastructure is not perfect is also one of the important reasons restricting the speed of its development. With the increasing number of hydrogen production and strengthening stations, local governments are also actively expanding the application of hydrogen energy special vehicles, and the sales volume of hydrogen energy special vehicles will achieve a new order of magnitude of substantial growth in the future.
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