Wenshi | lao is also a tiger - interesting about the name of "tiger"

The history of Huaxia tiger culture, long and colorful, is one of the source cultures of Huaxia, and the name of Huaxia tiger is more than 100, which can be called a cultural wonder. Some people think that the name tiger only exists in books, which is a big mistake. The name of the tiger is a living national culture, which exists in history and in the exchange and flow of national culture.

Tigers and tigers

Tiger, the real name of the largest cat, is widely found in oracle bones - the ancient Egyptians only had a preliminary understanding of tigers about 3,000 years ago, and the ancient Romans first encountered the mighty and gorgeous tiger in 11 BC, and then named the tiger after the rushing, raging Tigris River "tigris", and the English name tiger tiger is also derived from the Roman language. The international animal community did not give names until the eighteenth century, and the genus names were not determined until the early nineteenth century.

For the tiger character, the "Essence of the Six Books" says: "Its text is from a few, like its crouching shape." The Compendium of Materia Medica says: "Tiger, like its sound." Therefore, from the perspective of tiger culture, the tiger character belongs to the shape of the sound word.

The term "tiger" first appeared in the Tang Dynasty – but at that time it only meant "old tiger".

The name of the tiger, which is synonymous with the tiger, appeared in the Song Dynasty, when the cultures of the various ethnic groups in the north and the south exchanged greatly, and Su Rui's "Lake Yin Song" had "the tiger's cave lies in the middle, and the hunter does not dare to peep." Yuan Haoqing has a verse that "hunger does not count on the cracking of the intestine, and the tiger fights to teach and survive".

When we examine the titles of the ancient and modern tigers, we will find that the titles of the tigers in various ethnic groups in China are often pronounced la, li, and lo, such as: Luo, Le, Luo, La, Le, Prison, Lang, Lao, Lu, Lu, Li, etc., for example, the Hani people call the tiger Hala, which is actually similar to the pronunciation of "lao".

Therefore, the emergence of the word tiger is more likely to be the result of the exchange and integration of various ethnic groups and local languages - lao and tiger are the same meaning, which also shows that the multi-ethnic tiger belief in China has a common language foundation and cultural origin.

Similarly, There are also Li Dingchao's "Long right dialect and animal interpretation" of lao yazi, old teeth, lao yu, etc. - ya, Yu is also the ancient name of the tiger.

The national name of the tiger is associated with the tiger totem

The tiger totem was once the most widespread existence in China — the Shang Dynasty "Tiger Fang" was an extremely common existence — the Tang Dynasty's Book of Barbarians records that there were "Lu Lu Man" in northeastern Yunnan, as well as "Luo Bu" and "Luo Lan Bu", meaning "the tribe of the tiger".

To this day, many ethnic groups on the mainland still retain tiger totems, and many ethnic groups even directly name tigers.

The Lahu are a people named directly after tigers. Most of the Lahu people call themselves "Lahu", but also call themselves "Lahuna" (Helahu), "Lahusi" (Huanglahu), and "Lahupu" (Bailahu), also known as "Lakabe".

Volume 24 of the Yongzheng Zhi of the Qing Dynasty records in volume 24: "Lawu, Lin'an, Jingdong have it. "Lahu" in Lahu means tiger, and "Hu" is a meaningless ending word — the closest historical document to the modern Lahu family name, proving that "Lahu" is semantically a family name named after a tiger.

When lahu scholar Liu Jinrong surveyed the Lahu settlement in northern Thailand, the local people clearly stated that the inheritance of their clan name, "La" in "Lahu" means tiger, and "Hu" means nurturing.

Although more ethnic groups are not named after tigers, they call themselves or be commensurate with tigers.

The Li people have myths and legends "The Legend of the Tiger Ancestors", and the Bai, Tujia, and Lisu also worship the tiger as an ancestor.

The ancient Ba people should also be the people of the Tiger Clan, and the Tujia who have a lineage relationship with the Ba people call the tiger "Lao Bazi" or "Ba" the umlaut "Boers", and Bodu, Tang Bo, and Ba Gong (Ba Gong) are all honorific titles for tigers in these places.

The Ancestors of the Tujia Family called the tiger "廪君", and 廪君 can also be interpreted as the tiger jun in the cave. "After the Emperor can turn into a tiger", the "Customs and Customs" says: "Hu Bennan County, in the Lu Li clan public office", in the Tujia family , "Li surname", "Ban", "Tang Bo" ("Tang" doubt "Yu" of the shape of the "blackmail"), "Li Dad", "Li Father", the Tujia family refers to the male tiger, that is, the totem of the white tiger (Tujia white tiger). "Uncle", "Father", "Father" have similar meanings; "Ban", "Ba", "White" sounds are close to each other). "Li Er" is the opposite of "Li Father" and other titles, that is, the "Li Nika" of the female tiger and black tiger totem called by the Tujia family today ("Ni", "ear" transliteration, "ka" is a language auxiliary).

Scholar Liu Yaohan believes that the referral of the tiger as "Li Er" is related to the famous ancient philosopher Lao Tzu. From the perspective of the Yi language, "Lao Nie, Li Er's Yi means tiger head, female tiger." And the yi language pronunciation of La, La, Lao, Li, Li, Luo, etc. are all a turn of the sound. Lao Tzu called it both "Lao" and "Li", which means tiger in the Yi language. "Lao" is a umlaut of "Lata", "La" means tiger, and "Tower" means hour. The name Lao Tzu (Lao Tzu) may have meant that he was born in the relevant Year of the Tiger or on the day of the tiger. The custom of revering the tiger reflected in this can be attributed to the legacy of the original totem.

In addition to Li, many ethnic groups with "li", "lo" and other pronunciations are the meaning of tiger.

The Nu "Daho" people are also called "pull up", and "pull" refers to the tiger, that is, the tiger clan.

The Yi language calls the tiger "Luo", and the local Yi people's names for their own ethnic groups are also umlauts of "Luo" or "Luo" - Yi men call themselves "Luo Luo po" and "Luo Po", and women call themselves "Luo Luo Mo" and "Luo Mo", which mean male tiger and female tiger respectively. The historical titles of the Yi people and their various tribes, such as Luo Luo, Luo Bu, Luo Jia, Luo Xiong, Lu Lu, Luo Meng, Maitreya, Xiula, etc., are also the meaning of the Yi tiger tribe and the tigress tribe. The Yi people also call themselves "Nosu", "Nasu", "Niesu", which also means tiger. The word "Ailao" in "Ailao Mountain" means "big tiger" in Yi; the Yi people call the Jinsha River and Yalong River where they live together "Nayi" and "Nuoyi", which means black water. The watershed of these two rivers, "Nala Mountain", is the Black Tiger Mountain. The "Ronnie White" peak of the Umong Mountains also means Black Tiger Mountain.

The Naxi people call themselves Lala (or Laluo, Lulu) - Lala, Tiger also - Naxi people call the tiger "La", the Naxi people's "Dongba Sutra" volume is mostly painted with black tiger heads, and self-appointed as tiger people, Dongba mythology and so on also reveal that the origin of the nation is related to tigers.

The Lancang River Yi language means "tiger falling in the river". The Naxi word for "tiger jumps". The Naxi language calls tiger leaping gorge "Lancang Pavilion" and tiger jumping stone "Lancang Lu".

It is also common for the Bai people to call themselves tigers, and some call themselves "labor services of labor" (meaning tiger children and tiger women), regard the tiger as the ancestor, and hang a tiger map in the house. Repairing houses and building houses, marriage and marriage are auspicious on Tiger Day. Some call the tiger "Luo" or "Polo", some call themselves "Lapa" (that is, the Tiger Family), and some call themselves "Cat Family", because the "Cat" and "Mao" sound similar, so they change their surname to Mao - some of the Mao surname is also "Tiger Family". The Bijiang Nu people call the local Bai residents "Lemo", the Naxi people call the Bai people "Lebuxi", the Zhongdian Tibetans call the Bai people "Lebo", the Lanping Pumi people call the Bai people "Lebu"; the Heqing Yi people call the Bai people "Lou Feeding"... The titles "Le", "La", "Lou" and other titles in these titles all contain the meaning of "Tiger Family" and "Tiger Clan". The Lisu people call the tiger "Nama", the Bai people "Na Ben Pickpocket", which means "the descendant of the tiger", and the Bai people are "Namaxi", which means "the relatives of the tiger".

The Nu "Daho" clan, also known as "pull up", that is, the meaning of "tiger clan", is a proud and most enviable clan.

And so on, and so on.

As for Chinese and Han customs, some scholars say that the original meaning of the ancient festival "Lap Moon" was "La" as a tiger, and the sacrifice of La was a sacrifice to the tiger god. The last month of ancient times is called the waxing moon because of the "wax festival" that sacrifices the tiger. In the Han Dynasty, there were also county officials who requested the people to draw tigers on the Chinese New Year's Eve of the Waxing Moon according to the "Book of the Yellow Emperor", which should also be related to this. The three most important traditional festivals in China, the first month of the Spring Festival is the Yin (Tiger) Month, and the Yi people directly call it the Tiger Festival. The moon god worshiped in the Mid-Autumn Festival was originally a tiger, and the Dragon Boat Festival was completely a festival of tiger culture.

Many Han surnames are also closely related to tigers, such as the surname Li, and the symbol of Licheng is lihou tiger, and the symbol of the tiger totem, the tiger, is still popular in most of China.

Ethnologists believe that the so-called Han nationality was gradually formed between the Zhou and Han dynasties with the Siyi and Western Qiang as the main body, and at the same time integrated with other ethnic groups before the Qin and then the Han and then the Tang, so it is not difficult to understand that there are cultural similarities between many ethnic groups in China.

The extremely extensive ancient tiger totem and the general remains indicate that Huaxia may be called a tiger nation.

Another name for the tiger

The richness and variety of Chinese culture has led to a large number of other names for the tiger, which are mostly found in classics and legends, and are produced by depicting the shape of nature or avoiding secrecy.

legend

For example, Yu Guan, "Jin Louzi" has a saying: On the day of Yin Day, someone in the mountains called himself "Yu Guan", that is, the tiger changed.

Since ancient times, there have been positions such as Yu Ren, Yu Guan, and Yu Qing, all of whom are officials who manage Shanze. The tiger was the king of the mountain beasts, so he was called Yu Guan and became the official position of the tiger.

Or there is a saying that "Yu Envoy" is the mistake of Yu Official.

The title of General Ban Yin was sealed by Pei Yu in the Tang Dynasty's "Legend of Ning Yin", and Bai'ehou is found in the "Xuanmu Zhi": Zhang Que garrisoned in the western part of Sichuan, and met Bai'ehou at a banquet, so he tested him as a tiger.

Eighteen aunts is the invention of the former Shu Du Guangting, who said in the "Record of Yi Ji Auntie Tiger": "There is a woman on the side of the Jialing River, who has come in her fifties and calls herself eighteen aunts. Often people come to the house, do not drink or eat. Every teaching is told to man, 'But do good deeds, and do not violate the divine reason.' At home and in obedience, filial piety. If it is a person who does evil things, I often make cats patrol and inspect Ru... 'The people know that their tigers are also transformed. ”

Zhang Shanxiaohu painted a poem with the inscription: Wan Shan Walks Loose Waves, Changlin Is Proud, Feng Aunt Is Partial to Drama, Blowing to the Height of the Moon Wheel.

The call of the Eighteenth Aunt as the Wind God comes from the Zhou Yi Qian's description of the inductive relationship between things: "The cloud is from the dragon, the wind is from the tiger"—the Eastern Han Dynasty Wang Chong's "On Balance" explains it from the perspective of the five elements.

From the Wind Aunt Southern Dynasty Liang Period Ren Fang also extended the story of the tiger corrupt official who was enfeoffed as an envoy, reflecting the people's hatred of corrupt officials - "Shu Yi Ji": Han Xuancheng County Shou Feng Shao, one day suddenly turned into a tiger, eating the people of the county. The people cried: "Seal the king", because he has gone, he will not come again. Therefore, there is a folk song at the time: "There is no king who is sealed, and there is no living people who are dead and cannibals." ”

Envoy Jun, Tai Shou, in later poems, "Feng Zhi Jun" is synonymous with the tiger.

The Jin Dynasty Gan Bao's "Search for God, Volume II" has a record: "Fan, the king of Funan, sought to raise a tiger in the mountains, and there were criminals, and he threw himself into the tiger, and did not eat it. Therefore, the name of the mountain is Great Worm, also known as Great Spirit. ”

Sexuality

According to the tiger's fur has a pattern and is called Wen Hu, Wen Tong pattern; also known as carved tiger, because the pattern is like carving ornaments, so people often use the tiger metaphor for people with literary talent.

Because the tiger's body is full of stripes, there are also those who call the tiger with stripes: Banzi, Bannu (Uncle Ban), Macula (also known as the team, yellow class), ban, wen ban, bango and so on.

Biao's original meaning is little tiger, and it is also the name of tiger in Qinling and other places.

Bing Biao borrowed his finger from the original tiger stripe to refer to the tiger.

It is said that the origin of the Ban surname is also related to tigers. Ban Gu wrote in the Book of Han shu biography that he described the origin of the surname "Ban": "Before the Ban clan, with the same surname as Chu, after Ling Yin Ziwen also." Ziwen was born and abandoned in a dream, while the tiger milked it. The Chu people called milk 'grain', tiger 'Yu 檡 (于菟)', so the name 穀 (谷) 于檡 (于菟), the character Ziwen. The Chu people called the tiger 'ban', and their sons thought it was numbered. Qin's destruction of Chu, between the Jin dynasty and the Dynasty, because of the clan Yan. Because Ling Yin Ziwen was said to have grown up eating tiger milk, because the tiger's body has markings, the descendants use "spot" as a surname, and in ancient times, "spot" is the same as "ban".

Because the tiger has a significant white color on the forehead, it is often called "white forehead". Because of the white forehead and eyebrow effect, the eye area seems to be hanging, so the tiger has the name of hanging eye. The tiger's eyes are shining brightly, and they will sparkle at night, and the tiger's eyes are also called golden eyes. As a result, the tiger also has the titles of White-fronted, White-fronted Marquis, White-fronted General, Golden-Eyed, Hanging-Eye White-fronted Worm, White-fronted Golden-Eyed, Golden-Eyed Golden-Eyed Beast, Golden-eyed Tiger King, and Blue-Eyed Golden-Eyed.

It is also called the old food of the tiger because of its feeding habits, there are also called tiger insects because of the tiger's violent temperament, and some are called "whistling winds" because of the tiger's roar.

Taboo

Due to the chinese folk customs, a large number of tiger titles have also been produced.

In the old days of the northeast of the mainland, the ginseng collectors avoided the tiger and directly called it its real name, and honored it as a mountain god and mountain god, which is commonly seen in the northeast local history, customs, etc., reflecting the reverence of those who go into the mountains to get treasures in the mountains.

"Hulan Fu Zhi": "Tiger, the native people do not dare to rebuke it, called the mountain god, also known as the soft hoof, its small one is known as the stone tiger, shaped like a cat, large or like a calf, yellow black text, sawtooth hook claw, short and healthy beard and wisdom." "The tiger's strength is not inferior to the bear, but it can kill the bear." At night, one eye emits different lights, ten miles away from the candle, or one eye candle object, one eye emits light. The hunter speaks of the tiger's gaze, and the distant view is like an electric lamp, but one lamp is a tiger, and two lights are two tigers. ”

In addition, there are mountain kings, long claws, cats, soft hairs, etc.

In Sichuan and other places, it is called a flat shoulder flower because the tiger has the same stripe as "flat burden".

In some places, the tiger is called "money flower" because it has a leopard-like "money" pattern.

Similarly, there are big cats, big flower cats, bobcats, bobcats, etc.

It is also commonly called the Great Worm – but many people don't know that it is also an honorific title.

The ancients used "worm" to refer to all animals, and "big" as an honorific, derived from the old worm, the old worm, the caterpillar ancestor, the great spirit, the worm, etc., and the same little known is called "Cheng" - "Zhuangzi Zhile" "Cheng Sheng Ma", the Ming Dynasty "Tongya" said: "Qin Sheng said that the worm is Cheng, and the tiger is also a big worm." ”

Sometimes the title of the tiger character is avoided because the name of the ruler is avoided, for example, the Qing Yilu says: "When the stone tiger is avoided, the tiger is Huang Meng." ”

Especially in the Tang Dynasty, the Qi Dongye Language: "Tang Zu Zhen Hu, all words tiger, the rate was changed to a beast." For example, "harsh government is fiercer than tiger" is changed to "harsh government is violent to beast", etc., in addition, tigers are changed to Biao, beasts, weapons, beasts, insects, etc.

This style influenced later generations of writing, such as Su Shi's "Sending Cheng Zhi Shao To Sign the Judgment to Que": "Lin Shen is lying in the ground, and the shore is changing and moving." Among them, Fu Meng refers to the tiger, and Qian Zhen refers to the dragon.

It is an ancient name that is falsely rumored

Due to the wide range of regions and ethnic groups, the dialects are seen in the written language, and sometimes there are more than a dozen ways to write a name, resulting in many mysteries of the precepts, and there are many false rumors.

The most well-known ancient name is the ancient Chu land of the name of the tiger in wū tú ( wū tú ) – thanks to Lu Xun's poem "Reply to the Guest".

Due to the accent, the text is false, etc., Yu Su also writes Wu, Yu Tan, Yan Rabbit, Wu Tu, Wu Shu, etc., and the abbreviation can be , 菟 , etc.

People may not know that it is often wrong for people to write Yu Su as "Yu Suo", just as some "calligraphers and painters" write "Xin Ugly Year" as "Xin Ugly Year".

However, some have also caused misunderstandings among later generations because of the problem of written inheritance, such as "rabbit" in the "Book of Poetry, ZhouNan, Rabbit"—we only need to know that "Zhounan" is in the later Chudi, where tigers have been called "菟" and "Rabbit" since ancient times - here and "rabbit" are homophones and different words. Therefore, the object of this hunt should be the colorful tiger that roars in all directions! Because of this, hunters can be called "Takefu Takeshi". Otherwise, it is hard to imagine that a rabbit would have to write such a big book, and if so, it would be simply comical.

What is mistaken is also hidden, "The YuanGui of the Book of Fortunes, Volume 824, The Name of the General Record Department": "Yang Zhong was under the account of Taizu, tried to hunt from Taizu to the Dragon Gate, loyally and alone as a beast, holding his waist on the left and pulling out his tongue on the right." Taizu Zhuangzhi, Beitai is called the beast of prey for concealment, because of the word. The "beast" here is also because the Tang Dynasty avoided the alternative word for "tiger". There are also ancient texts that write "hiding in" and "hiding"—many articles write "masks"—that is false rumors.

In addition, there is Also Yu Yu, also known as Donkey Wu and Donkey Tooth - this is a substitute for the white tiger to avoid, which was first seen in the Book of Poetry, and ancient books say that the white tiger is an ancient benevolent beast, and the beast that does not die does not eat.

There are many more related to the tiger title, Such as Taha, Baersi, Male, Ulambara, Huatuan, Shen Dog, Drama Cat, Wei Hu, Yu'er, Yiwu, Enlightened, Poor Qihu, Departure, Chieftain, Mountain Jun, DiJun, Beast King, Mountain King, Mountain King, Mountain King, Beast King, Mountain King, Beast King, Su Yu, Zhen, Cockroach, Sea Mouth, Lu Wu, Shoulder Wu, Wang Feng, Qi, DangChao Yipin, Yalong, Fox... Almost every one of them has a history that you may not necessarily know, or implies a national culture code, which together constitute the bright pearl of ancient Chinese culture.