Leaf fig finishing
Hunan Yongzhou is located at the confluence of Xiaoxiang and Ershui, is an important node of the Water Transport Key Chong and Xianggui Cultural Corridor from Jingchu to Lingnan, since the peak of ancient literature, the migration of people, the many people who come and go, Yuan Jie, Huai Su, Liu Zongyuan, Zhou Dunyi, He Shaoji and other literature and art have lived in Zizi, leaving many cliff stone carvings.
The surging news learned that on September 18, the "Zhongxing Ode to the Cliff - Yongzhou Moya Stone Carving Rubbing Exhibition" appeared in the South 2 Exhibition Hall of the National Museum of China, the exhibition takes the Moya stone carvings in Yongzhou as the theme, and carefully selects about 60 pieces (sets) of stone carvings with representative Moya stone carvings in Yongzhou. Among them, the most famous are the "Ode to The Tang Dynasty" written by Yuan Jie, the "Ode to The Tang Dynasty" written by Yan Zhenqing, and the "Lizi Stele" written by Han Yu and Su Shi, two works that have the reputation of "three absolutes" in Chinese history.
Yan Zhenqing Shudan's famous work "Ode to Tang Zhongxing", the original stone is located in Yongzhou, Hunan.
"Huanxi" list book
The exhibition takes the Moya stone carvings in Yongzhou as the theme, combines the natural environment and humanistic characteristics of Yongzhou, and is divided into two parts: "Min'an Guoding, Moya Song Zhongxing" and "Geographical And Human Manifestation, Green Landscape and Water Xiaoxiang".
Wang Chunfa, director of the National Museum of China, said in his speech that Yongzhou is located at the confluence of Xiaoxiang and Ershui, which has flourished since ancient times, and there are many people who have migrated to and from the country, and it is a rare place in China where rock carvings are concentrated. Yuan Jie, Huai Su, Liu Zongyuan, Zhou Dunyi, He Shaoji and other literary and artistic people all lived here, singing and poetry in the form of cliff carvings, exchanging hearts, and pursuing and imitating them for future generations of literati. Wang Chunfa said that the "Zhongxing Ode to the Cliff - Yongzhou Moya Stone Carving Rubbing Exhibition" held at the National Museum of China this time is to promote the creative transformation and innovative development of China's excellent traditional culture through moya stone carving, and activate the vitality of China's excellent traditional culture with the spirit of the times.
Part I: Min'an Guoding, Moya Song Zhongxing
In 757, the Tang army recaptured Chang'an and Luoyang Erjing, which had fallen during the "Anshi Rebellion". In 761 AD, Yuan Jie, who had the merit of rejecting thieves by the whole army, personally wrote the "Ode to the Tang Dynasty Zhongxing" in praise of "Zongmiao Zai'an, Ersheng Chonghuan", and then asked Yan Zhenqing to write it, engraved on the cliff wall of Yongzhou's Huanxi. The inscription of "Ode to Zhongxing in the Tang Dynasty" has 21 lines, 20 lines, a total of 332 words, and writes the left line vertically. The diameter of the characters is about 20 centimeters, the handwriting is strong, the knots are square, and the whole text is open and open, and the temperament is magnificent. Huang Tingjian once praised: "The big character has never been "Crane Ming", and the late famous cliff "Ode to Zhongxing"" has been praised. "Ode to Tang Zhongxing" is a representative work of Yan Zhenqing's calligraphy entering a mature period, reaching the realm of pure fire.
Exhibition scene Photo: Yu Guanchen
Originally engraved in the sixth year of the Tang Dynasty (771 AD), the core width of the painting core is 317 cm and the height is 292 cm
Yuan Jie presided over the opening of a number of stone carvings in Yongzhou, with moya to promote the "wen", "character" and "stone" three art forms integrated, guide the local primitive and simple mountain stone faith sublimation into a sincere expression of the feelings of the homeland, the Yongzhou Moya stone carvings and the feelings of the homeland are closely linked, although the times have changed, this beautiful yearning for national stability, rich life and cultural prosperity, still lasts for thousands of years, lasting for a long time.
The second part is geographically human, and the mountains and rivers are green and xiaoxiang
The word is passed on by the stone, and the rock is won by the man. Moya provides a stage for literati inkers to show their talents. Liu Zongyuan's "Sound of Mountains and Rivers" makes the lake and mountains of Yongzhou shine brightly. On the cliffs of the stele, Yuan Jie, Huai Su, Liu Zongyuan, Zhou Dunyi, Su Shi, Huang Tingjian, Mi Fu, Yang Wanli, He Shaoji, Wu Dayi and other historical and cultural celebrities have hymns, poems, inscriptions, and inscriptions.
The lifting of the handwriting makes the turn echo with the concave and convex slope of the cliff wall, and the dot painting complements the texture of the rock. There are more than 2,000 rock carvings distributed on the banks of the Yongzhou Mountains and Rivers, which are scattered in a staggered manner. Each book is unique, blending into an interesting landscape that cultivates people's sexual spirits at all times. These handwriting span the ages, communicate the ancient and the modern, and reflect between heaven and earth.
Originally carved in the second year of Tang Yongtai (766 AD), the core width of the painting core is 295 cm and the height is 96 cm
Yanghuayan is a scenic spot in Yongzhou and a national key cultural relics protection unit. As seen in the inscription, the author Yuan Jie believes that "the nine doubts and ten thousand peaks are not as good as Yanghua". Originally carved in the second year of Tang Yongtai's "Yanghua Rock Inscription", it is the pioneering work of the cliff stone carvings here. Qu Lingqing was the Jianghua County Ling during the Tang Dynasty, and it has a book title. Ye Changzhi's "Yu Shi" said: "Yanghua Yan Ming, also (Qu) Ling Qing Three-Body Seal, (Li) Yang Bing Yaye." "The book imitates the style of Cao Wei Zhengshi's "Stone Classic", and each word is engraved in the way of first large seal, second small seal, and then lishu, which is an important part of Tang Dynasty calligraphy, from which it can be seen that the Tang people understand and use the seal. Quan Zuwang's "Collection of Pavilions" once commented that this extension was "carved and rare and rare by the Jinshi family".
Huang Tingjian wrote and wrote the book "Zhongxing Ode poems in parallel" originally engraved in the third year of Song Chongning (1104 AD) The core width of the painting core is 164 cm and the height is 283 cm
Huang Tingjian put forward his views on the original meaning of the Yuan Jie's "Ode to the Tang Dynasty", which triggered controversy in later generations. Huang Tingjian has experienced demeaning and ups and downs, and on the surface he has questioned the politics of Xuanzong and Suzong, but in fact he is worried about the political ecology of the late Northern Song Dynasty, and also reflects his persistent pursuit of truth and goodness.
Han Yu wrote Su Shishu Tinggui Carved "Lizi Stele" was originally carved in the seventh year of Qing Tongzhi (1868 AD) The core width of the painting core is 289 cm and the height is 108 cm
In June of the tenth year of Tang Yuanhe (815 AD), Liu Zongyuan was appointed as the assassin of Liuzhou, and for four years he benefited the people. After Liu Zongyuan's death, people built the Luochi Temple next to Luochi to commemorate it. This stele is now standing in the present-day Liuhou Ancestral Hall, the inscription is Han Yu's "Liuzhou Luochi Temple Stele" at the end of the "Welcome to enjoy sending god poems", so it is also known as "welcome to enjoy sending god poetry stele", the content of Han Yu wrote about Liu Zongyuan's deeds, is the Liuzhou people when sacrificing Liu Zongyuan chanted the lyrics. This stele is named after the opening chapter "LiZi Dan Xi Banana Yellow, Miscellaneous Vegetables Xi Into the Hou Tang". More than two hundred years later, Su Dongpo, one of the eight masters of the Tang and Song dynasties, wrote this text, and the ink after the Southern Song Dynasty was engraved on the stele. After the "Lizi Stele" was stoned, it enjoyed the reputation of "Three Absolutes" with the "Liushi Hanwen SuShu", which was a famous product in Su Shi's works. Liu Zongyuan, Han Yu, and Su Shi all belonged to the "Eight Greats of the Tang and Song Dynasties" in the history of Chinese literature, and were the backbone of the Tang and Song ancient literature movement, which had a positive and far-reaching impact on the development of prose in later generations. The existing stele was carved in the fifth year of Qing Tongzhi (1866 AD), and was re-stoned by the yongzhou prefect Tinggui according to the stele Tuoshan.
"Lizi Stele" was written by Dongpo Shengnian, Zhu Xi praised it as "Qiwei Xiongjian", and Wang Shizhen evaluated it as Su Dongpo's "first stele in the book". The strokes of this work are interspersed with nature, and the size of the characters is staggered, breaking through the strict law of the Tang Dynasty and reflecting the "Shangyi calligraphy style" of the Song Dynasty. This stele is also a masterpiece, and the person in charge of the knife can restore the charm of the ink stain on the east slope to a large extent. The left edge and upper edge of the word stroke are cut into the stone, and the right edge and the lower edge of the word are slashed into the stone, which ensures the accuracy of the font outline and delicately reflects the engraver's understanding of the characteristics of brush writing.
Anon. "Cobalt Pond" List Book was originally engraved in the Song Dynasty (960-1279 AD) The core width of the painting core is 34.5 cm and the height is 108 cm
After the failure of the Yongzhen Reformation, Liu Zongyuan was demoted to Sima of Yongzhou and lived for ten years. Liu Zongyuan studied here, traveled through the landscape, and created hundreds of poems. Among them, "Eight Records of Yongzhou" writes lyrical scenery, depicts the depth and moving of Yongzhou's landscape, recites through the ages, and attracts countless officials and eunuchs to visit the hanging and carve stones to commemorate.
The inscription "Cobalt Pond" is now on the north bank of Yuxi In front of the Liuzi Temple, which was carved by the Song people, and the font is calligraphy, and the strokes are majestic and vigorous. The list book is a large character of the official document used in the announcement of the list, and later people agreed to cite it as a large character. The purpose is to sign the palace plaque, decorate the royal garden, and write the temple of the house, the fortress of the pass, the garden landscape, the famous mountains and rivers, etc.
He Shaoji wrote and wrote the book "He Shaoji Poetry Carving" originally engraved in the first year of the Qing Dynasty (1862 AD) The core width of the painting core is 88 cm and the height is 45 cm
He Shaoji is a native of Daoxian County, Yongzhou, Hunan Province, and has deep feelings for his hometown. Invited by Yang Han, a friend of the governor of Yongzhou at the time, he left a number of representative books in Yongzhou. The two books were written in the same year, when He Shaoji was 64 years old. The former is a calligraphy in chinese letters, the characters are in good shape, the skimming is multi-directional stretching left and right, with a strong sense of calligraphy, which can be described as dignified and miscellaneous, so the handwriting can also spy the secret of He Shaoji's study of Yan Zhenqing's calligraphy.
Wu Da Liang wrote and wrote the book "The Ming Youshu of The Platform" originally engraved in the nineteenth year of the Qing Dynasty (1893 AD) The core width of the painting is 91 cm and the height is 212 cm
This cliff carving is now in Yongzhou City' Huanxi Forest of Steles Park. During the Guangxu period of the Qing Dynasty, when Wu Da liang was the governor of Hunan, he wrote three inscriptions and a poem inscribed on the stone after traveling to The Weixi, of which "The Orderly Inscription of the Songtai" is just like the preface to the forest of steles, introducing the natural scenery, cultural landscape and historical value of the River. The style of the work is integrated with the seal book style on the bronze power of the Qin Dynasty, the strokes are both square and straight, and the knot body is dense and sparse, which is the work of the mature period of Wu Dayi's seal book. In this inscription, Wu Dayi used five consecutive "if" characters to set off the strange peaks and strange stones that were wrongly erected, and then used four "can" words in a row to express the emotional progression after watching, so that the article gave people a sense of frustration in the chapters, which can be seen that he believes that the beautiful scenery of The River has a unique appeal. At the same time, Wu Dayi sighed at Yuan jie's Zhongxing Song and Yan Zhenqing's book carving, believing that he was ashamed of his ancestors and great sages, so he specially made an inscription to express his longing.
In the work, "the beauty of the garden, the wealth of the private." The victory of the mountains and rivers is the public of the world. The sentence "The public has been eternal, and the private is a moment" has positive practical significance. One day in May 1994, Lei Jieqiong, then vice chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress, came to Hunan to inspect and quote the original text of "The Public Is Ancient, the Private ones are temporary" in the "Orderly Order of the Songtai Ming" when he wrote an inscription for the Mao Zedong Memorial Hall in Shaoshan.
On the day of the launch, Yang Zongjun, a research expert on Stone Carvings in Yongzhou and a representative inheritor of rubbing techniques, demonstrated the traditional techniques of rubbings at the scene, which also attracted many audiences to stop and watch. It is understood that during the Mid-Autumn Festival holiday, Teacher Yang will go to the exhibition hall experience area every day to demonstrate the rubbing process.
Yang Zongjun, a research expert in Yongzhou Moya stone carvings and a representative inheritor of rubbing techniques, showed the traditional techniques of rubbing on the spot Shooting: Yu Guanchen
"Zhongxing Ode to the Cliff: Yongzhou Moya Stone Carving Rubbing Exhibition" Exhibition Poster Design: Hao Junshan
It is reported that the exhibition will be held from September 18, 2021 to October 17, 2021.
(This article is based on the National Museum of China, People's Network and other related materials.) ）
Editor-in-Charge: Li Mei