The development process of China's high-speed rail is simply a legend of Internet celebrity in the modern industrial world!
Since Deng Xiaoping took the Japanese Shinkansen in 1978 and said "we will have it too", to 1990, when the Beijing-Shanghai high-speed railway line concept report was completed, China's dream of high-speed rail has gradually taken shape.
During the period from 1990 to 1998, China's high-speed rail experienced a period of ideological awakening, and the quasi-high-speed railway from Guangzhou to Shenzhen in 1994 was a witness to this stage.
With the start of construction of the Qin-Shenyang passenger train in 1999, China's high-speed rail entered the Bronze Age and began to engage in independent research and development!
The next period from 2003 to 2010 was the golden age of China's high-speed rail! The four-vertical and four-horizontal high-speed rail network is like building blocks, which can be built quickly.
In 2007, the railway was speeded up, and the opening of the Beijing-Tianjin intercity railway in 2008 was simply the "explosion" of China's high-speed railway, announcing that China has officially entered the era of high-speed!
From 2011 to 2013, China's high-speed rail experienced an adjustment period after the Ningbo-Wenzhou line bullet train accident, but this also promoted the popularization of real-name ticketing and Internet ticketing, which can be regarded as a blessing in disguise.
After the summer of 2013, our high-speed rail has entered the silver age, the investment in fixed assets is becoming more and more powerful, and the running speed has returned to the peak, with a speed of 350 kilometers per hour, like flying!
The "Medium and Long-term Railway Network Plan" released in 2016 has drawn a grand blueprint of eight vertical and eight horizontal, which is exciting to think about!
However, although China's high-speed rail is already very good, there is still a little flaw - that is, the 3% localization rate has not yet been completed.
So what is the 3%? Tell you, it's the high-speed rail bearing! This guy is not an ordinary bearing, and he is very demanding, like a fastidious aristocrat.
When the linear speed of the gearbox exceeds 25 meters, the radial swing of the inner and outer sleeves of the bearing cannot exceed 2‰ mm, and the temperature rise of the bearing cannot exceed 15 degrees during high-speed operation.
These stringent technical requirements make high-speed rail bearings an important symbol to measure a country's industrial level.
Speaking of high-speed rail bearing technology, it has long been in the "private garden" of Sweden, the United States and Japan.
Until 2020, China's Luoyang LYC Bearing Co., Ltd. broke out of the encirclement like a dark horse and successfully overcame the technical barriers of high-speed rail bearings with a speed of 250~300 kilometers per hour.
However, it is not so simple to achieve full localization, and every link is a test of technology maturity, production line construction, and market verification.
The rise of China's high-speed rail is like a science fiction blockbuster, which not only witnesses the rapid development of science and technology, but also is the perfect embodiment of our country's industrial strength and independent innovation capabilities.
In the face of the remaining 3%, we have the confidence and ability to finally trample it under our feet through continuous innovation and hard work.
In the future, China's high-speed rail will continue to lead the global high-speed rail industry with the attitude of national industrialization and become a beautiful landscape.
First, the perfect combination of speed and wisdom
China's high-speed rail is like a dark horse, galloping on the global stage, showing China's speed to the fullest with amazing speed and technological innovation.
As a major infrastructure project in our country, high-speed rail not only shows its strength in technology, but also occupies the top position in the global market, with a localization rate of up to 97%, which is a huge contribution to China's economic and social development!
Starting from scratch, through introduction, digestion, absorption, and then independent innovation, China's high-speed rail has achieved a qualitative leap, which is like changing from a "rookie" to a "superstar"!
In the past ten years of the new era, the railway system has made great efforts to develop a complete set of high-speed rail technology systems covering the three major fields of high-speed rail construction, equipment manufacturing, and operation management.
China's high-speed rail technology has shown real kung fu in all aspects.
The Fuxing EMU, the all-round king of the high-speed rail industry, can not only easily control the speed of 160, 250 and 350 kilometers per hour, but also move forward stably in various complex environments such as plateau, high cold, humid and hot.
What's more, the CR450 scientific and technological innovation project also set an amazing record of 435 kilometers per hour and 870 kilometers per hour in a single row at the intersection of the bright line, which simply tells us: speed, we have!
At present, the Fuxing EMU is speeding at a speed of 350 kilometers per hour on the Beijing-Shanghai high-speed railway, Beijing-Tianjin intercity, Beijing-Zhangjiakou high-speed railway and other lines, making China the only country in the world to achieve commercial operation of high-speed rail at a speed of 350 kilometers per hour.
When it comes to intelligent high-speed rail technology, the Beijing-Zhangjiakou high-speed railway is the first in the world to be built with intelligent technology, which not only has the automatic driving function of 350 kilometers per hour, but also introduces the Beidou satellite navigation system for the first time, setting a new benchmark for the global intelligent high-speed rail.
In addition, China's high-speed rail has easily mastered the secrets of building high-speed railways under different climatic and geological conditions when overcoming the world's technical problems in the construction of high-speed railway foundations, long bridges, tunnels and large passenger stations.
China's high-speed rail is not only playing well in China, but also in the international market.
The construction of high-speed rail has not only led to the rise of new urban belts, industrial agglomeration belts and economic prosperity belts along the line, but also has become a world-renowned national business card, and its status and influence in the global market have been continuously improved.
Today, China's high-speed rail technology export and cooperation projects have spread all over the world, and the wonderful performance of China's high-speed rail team in the construction of international high-speed rail projects has attracted global attention.
China's high-speed rail, from scratch, from catching up to leading, has not only demonstrated the power of China's independent innovation, but also become an important embodiment of China's comprehensive national strength and international influence.
2. Core part: What is the remaining 3%?
High-speed rail bearing, which is the "knee joint" of high-speed rail trains, plays a great role! Not only did it have to carry the huge weight of the carriage, but it also had to make sure that the train was as stable and safe as it was running at high speeds.
Compared with ordinary bearings, high-speed rail bearings are a high-end product, and the design and manufacturing are much more exquisite. Ordinary bearings are suitable for turning in a low-speed and relaxed environment, while high-speed rail bearings have to fight for a long time under high speed and heavy load, and they must be wear-resistant, heat-resistant and accurate.
In the manufacture of high-speed rail bearings, technical difficulties are a headache, material selection, heat treatment technology and precision machining, these three links are hard bones.
High-speed rail bearings have to use special alloy materials with high strength and high wear resistance, which are not only staggeringly expensive, but also difficult to process.
Heat treatment technology is the key, which must be quenched at high temperature and tempered at low temperature for many times to achieve the ideal hardness and toughness of the bearing.
Precision machining, on the other hand, is to be operated within the micron level of error, which has extremely high requirements for equipment and technology.
Compared with several international technical giants, China's high-speed rail bearing technology is still a long way off. Sweden, the United States, Japan, these countries, high-speed rail bearing technology is leveraged.
Like Sweden's SKF and Japan's NSK, these old bearing manufacturers are leading the world in materials, processes and performance, especially in the service life and reliability of high-speed rail bearings, and they have accumulated rich experience.
These countries have a long history of research and development of high-speed rail bearings and deep technology, which is like an insurmountable Great Wall of technology.
However, China's high-speed rail bearing technology is not vegetarian! In recent years, through independent research and development and international cooperation, China has made rapid progress in this area.
CRRC Group, Luozhou Group and other enterprises have invested a lot of resources in the research and development and manufacturing of high-speed rail bearings, and have successfully developed a variety of high-performance high-speed rail bearing products, and the technical indicators are about to catch up with the international advanced level.
However, China's high-speed rail bearing technology still has to continue to work hard, the current core technology still has to rely on imports, not only the cost is high, but also the risk of technical blockade.
Therefore, we must further increase our independent research and development efforts, overcome those key technical problems, improve the overall manufacturing level, and make the high-speed rail industry chain truly independent and controllable.
I believe that in the near future, our Chinese high-speed rail will continue to shine on the world railway stage and show the world the unique "Chinese speed" and "Chinese quality"!
3. The road to breakthrough: when can it be broken?
The breakthrough of China's high-speed rail bearing technology has now become a hot topic in the scientific and technological circles and manufacturing industry.
However, the key question still plagues industry insiders: when will the independent breakthrough in high-speed rail bearing technology be truly realized?
In this war of science and technology, China's scientific research institutions and enterprises are very busy. Like detectives, they carefully search for the secrets of high-speed rail bearing technology.
They hope to make high-speed rail bearings more powerful and reliable through new technologies and new materials, and they want to improve the accuracy and stability of bearings by optimizing design and processing technology.
They also hope that by overcoming key technologies, China will be the leader in the field of global high-speed rail bearings!
However, if you want to achieve a breakthrough in high-speed rail bearing technology, you must have government support! The government has introduced a series of policies, which are like giving energy drinks to scientific research institutions and enterprises, encouraging them to work harder in research and development;
At the same time, it has also increased capital investment in the field of high-speed rail bearing technology; Coupled with talent training and team building in the field of high-speed rail bearing technology, it provides a strong backing for the breakthrough of high-speed rail bearing technology.
Although the breakthrough time of high-speed rail bearing technology is still unknown, with the rapid development of high-speed rail technology in the mainland, it is expected that this breakthrough is waiting for us in the near future.
At that time, the shining debut of high-speed rail bearing technology will not only bring super power to the mainland high-speed rail industry, but also promote the mainland high-speed rail industry to a higher level, so that we can stand out in the global high-speed rail industry.
epilogue
China's high-speed rail has made remarkable achievements on the road to localization, but it still needs to face the problem of high-speed rail bearing technology.
High-speed rail bearings not only need to bear huge weight and extreme conditions brought by high-speed operation, but also require precision, wear resistance and high temperature resistance, which is the last link of China's high-speed rail technology perfect display.
From Deng Xiaoping's visit to Japan's Shinkansen in 1978 to China's high-speed rail has now achieved commercial operation at a speed of 350 kilometers per hour, China has continuously set new world records along the way, demonstrating "Chinese speed" and "Chinese quality" to the world.
However, high-speed rail bearing technology is still mainly dependent on imports, which has become the last difficulty in localization.
China's scientific research institutions and enterprises are working hard to overcome this technical problem. Through the introduction, digestion, absorption and independent innovation, they promote the gradual development of high-speed rail bearing technology.
In 2020, Luoyang LYC Bearing Co., Ltd. successfully conquered the high-speed rail bearing technology with a speed of 250~300 kilometers per hour, but the full localization still faces multiple challenges such as material selection, heat treatment technology, and precision machining.
The government has also been very strong and has provided solid support. Policy support, capital investment, and talent training are like setting up a "luxury stage" for the independent breakthrough of high-speed rail bearing technology.
With the continuous take-off of China's high-speed rail technology, the independent breakthrough of high-speed rail bearing technology will also be realized in the near future.
The rise of China's high-speed rail is not only a reflection of the strong strength and independent innovation ability of our manufacturing industry, but also an important member of the global high-speed rail industry.
In the future, China's high-speed rail will continue to lead the development of global high-speed rail technology with the attitude of national production, and become the "leader" and "wind vane" of global railway construction!