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Sources: All information stated in this article is based on reliable information, and is summarized at the end of this article
On the map plate, there is a country that is tightly wrapped in Russia and China, and the name is only one word away from the city bordering China: Outer Mongolia.
Outer Mongolia has always had a chaotic entanglement with China from ancient times to the present, and the relationship with China is even more love and hate, showing division, what are the origins between China and Outer Mongolia? What is the current situation?
Historical ties, leaving rifts
In fact, whether it is Outer Mongolia or Inner Mongolia, in the historical map, it is collectively called Mongolia, and it is the territory of China, but history has changed, the dynasty has changed, and the smoke of gunpowder without war has spread in this land.
During the Republic of China, Outer Mongolia had not yet been divided, and China was still a full begonia leaf, but with the decline of the Republic of China, this begonia leaf was torn into a rooster.
In 1911, because of the unique geographical location and resources of China and Mongolia, Tsarist Russia wanted to separate Outer Mongolia from the Chinese territory and began to instigate Outer Mongolia to become independent.
In the historical background, Mongolia has always been debauchery and freedom, and has always wanted to be independent of the Central Plains, under the various favorable conditions offered by Tsarist Russia, Outer Mongolia and Tsarist Russia hit it off, and the two sides not only reached cooperation in minerals, railways, etc.
Later, the establishment of Soviet Russia gave Outer Mongolia a chance to return to China, but the Chinese government still failed to seize this opportunity, and in 1921, Outer Mongolia engaged in a second independence, and the supporter behind it was the Soviet Union, the object of cooperation that the Nationalist Government hoped to cooperate.
At that time, the Soviet Union, like Tsarist Russia, had long coveted foreign countries in order to expand its territory, and listed China as a third country to boycott, and the Nationalist government at that time had no intention of interfering due to internal turmoil.
On the one hand, the Nationalist Government wanted to gain the support of the Soviet Union, and on the other hand, it wanted to regain the initiative in Outer Mongolia, and in this way, until 1945, the Nationalist Government was in this entanglement.
With the beginning of the civil war, the Nationalist Government had to confront the Outer Mongolian problem, and the Nationalist Government compromised on the condition that the Soviet Union offered to recognize the Nationalist Government and not provide any help to the Communists.
It was not until 1961 that Outer Mongolia joined the United Nations, and the independence of Outer Mongolia became a foregone conclusion, and with the entanglement between Outer Mongolia and China, the estrangement between the two sides became deeper and deeper.
And Outer Mongolia has become a pro-American and pro-Russian party, but due to geographical restrictions, Outer Mongolia seems to have a chaotic relationship with China.
Inconsistencies and divisions
To this day, the anti-China atmosphere of the foreign Mongolia is still very strong, and even though there is inseparable trade between Outer Mongolia and China, it still cannot change the "hostile" psychology of Outer Mongolia towards China from the inside out.
Because Mongolia is a landlocked country sandwiched by two countries, its geographical location is very awkward, and because of the relationship between Mongolia and China, a company once conducted a questionnaire survey on Mongolia's attitude towards the outside world, and the results of this survey were quite shocking.
Although the main purpose of this questionnaire is to find out which country Outer Mongolia likes the most, many countries were listed at that time, and of course, Outer Mongolia's neighbors China and Russia were impressively listed, but it was precisely because of these two countries that the results of this survey had a strong impact.
You must know that China is the largest trading partner of Outer Mongolia, and it can be said that the economic development of Outer Mongolia is inseparable from China.
Since the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and Outer Mongolia, senior leaders of Outer Mongolia have also visited China many times, and in June this year, the current Prime Minister of Outer Mongolia, Oyun Erden, came to China for several days to exchange views with China over bilateral trade issues.
In terms of diplomacy, Outer Mongolia has always given people the impression of being very friendly with China, especially under the premise that the bilateral cooperation between China and Russia is getting closer and closer, so that Outer Mongolia, which is caught in the middle, has gradually moved closer to China.
However, this questionnaire gave the opposite result, because in this poll, 53% of the Outer Mongolian people said that they did not like China very much, and only 1% chose to be willing to understand China, and Russia unsurprisingly ranked the number one favorite country of the Outer Mongolian people.
This kind of "antipathy" to China from the bottom of our bones has gone deep into the bone marrow.
In 2015, there was also a clearly "anti-China" incident in Outer Mongolia, where Chinese tourists were attacked and insulted by extremist groups when they traveled to Outer Mongolia, which caused quite a stir at the time.
Outer Mongolia's hostility towards China seems to be innate, and even Outer Mongolia will deliberately avoid China when building railways, and even choose to refuse many times when China wants to help Outer Mongolia in the first place.
In this context, Outer Mongolia has also been looking for a third possibility, and once colluded with United States, but in the eyes of United States, Outer Mongolia is like a Taiwan, a chess piece in United States's hand.
At a time when Russia has completely broken with Europe, become enemies of United States, Sino-US relations have fallen to a freezing point, and United States itself is unable to protect itself, Mongolia's hostile attitude towards China is also quietly changing.
Outer Mongolia is now standing at a watershed, still maintaining its prejudice against China, choosing to focus on the United States and the West, and the other is to strengthen cooperation with China with Russia to create a new journey.
There is an urgent need to decide where to go
In fact, it is understandable that Outer Mongolia has always kept China out, after all, from ancient times to the present, Outer Mongolia has been in a very awkward position, neither has a sea port to develop trade, but also is sandwiched between two large countries.
For the hard-won independence, Outer Mongolia cherishes it very much, so it shows extra caution in all aspects, and Outer Mongolia is afraid of China and wants to be close to it, like a fledgling child.
However, judging from Outer Mongolia's visit to China and strengthening cooperation with China, Outer Mongolia seems to have made a decision about its future development direction, and Outer Mongolia said that in 2025, Outer Mongolia will return to the Juan Mongolian language, which is consistent with the language of Inner Mongolia.
It can be seen that Outer Mongolia has laid the foundation for future cooperation and exchanges with China.
In fact, as early as 2019, China's total investment in Mongolia has reached 6 billion US dollars, and now the two countries are ushering in new progress, and it is believed that there will be more and more bilateral cooperation in the future.
At present, Outer Mongolia has gradually realized the importance of China in the big dye vat of the international situation, which is enough to prove that the bones and tendons between Outer Mongolia and China are actually broken, and they will not completely sever ties because of a temporary estrangement.
It is hoped that Outer Mongolia can be as firm and courageous as the current cooperation with China on the road of future development, and only in this way can a new chapter in national development be opened, and only in this way can the two countries achieve real win-win cooperation.
Resources:
The road is unimpeded, the border is prosperous, and the economy of the mainland port is "bursting with vitality" and presenting a new atmosphere - Global Network
Humiliated Chinese tourist gets official apology from Mongolia Expert: Individual politicians deliberately blame - Global Network
On February 4, 1945, the Yalta Conference was held