The city is full of high-rise buildings
Working and living in high-rise buildings has become the norm
But high-rise fires
The spread is fast and the rescue is difficult
Once it happens
It may cause serious casualties and property damage
Why high-rise buildings catch fire
Its "lethality" is so great?
Here's why
01
Flammable and combustible external insulation materials
Flammable and combustible external insulation materials have become an important "accomplice" of high-rise building fires. The mainland began to implement the building energy conservation policy in 2005, one of the main measures is to increase the insulation layer on the exterior wall, due to the lack of awareness of the danger of external wall insulation materials before, there is no clear provision on the combustion performance of the material, at that time, polystyrene foam board or polyurethane rigid foam and other flammable and combustible materials, these materials are very easy to ignite and spread rapidly, and a large amount of toxic smoke is produced after combustion, and the fire danger is very large.
02
The "Chimney Effect"
The "chimney effect" caused fires in high-rise buildings to spread rapidly. After a fire breaks out in a high-rise building, the smoke spreads vertically at a speed of 3-4m/s through stairwells, pipe wells, glass curtain wall gaps, etc., which can quickly ignite the entire building.
03
"The Wind Fuels the Fire"
"Wind-fueled fires" make fires in high-rise buildings difficult to control. It is determined that the wind speed is 5m/s at a height of 10m in the building; Wind speed at 30m altitude: 8.7m/s; Wind speed at 60m altitude: 12.3m/s; The wind speed at a height of 90m is 15m/s, because the wind speed is faster and faster the upward, after the fire occurs, there is often a situation where the wind helps the fire, and the fire borrows the wind to power, and the more it burns, the more vigorous it burns.
· Fire characteristics of high-rise buildings ·
1. There are many fire hazards
High-rise buildings, especially comprehensive high-rise buildings, have complex functions, many combustibles, lax fire safety management, many fire hazards, and high fire hazards. In particular, smoke and toxic gases are produced in fires, which pose a great threat to life safety.
2. The fire spreads quickly
High-rise buildings generally have more indoor combustibles, and some high-rise residential buildings also set up combustible warehouses in violation of regulations, once a fire starts, the burning is fierce and easy to spread.
3. Difficulty in safe evacuation
Most high-rise buildings rely on stairs for safe evacuation, but due to the large number of floors and long vertical distance, the evacuation time to the ground or other safe places is relatively long, and once smoke is infiltrated in the stairwell, it will seriously affect the evacuation.
4. It is difficult to save
High-rise buildings are tens of meters high, or even hundreds of meters, and it is quite difficult to extinguish from the outside once the indoor firefighting facilities cannot function normally.
When various construction operations are carried out in high-rise buildings
Be sure to do a good job of safety checks
Conduct a safety assessment of the working environment
Set up safety alerts and do a good job of safety protection during operation
Prevention before it "burns"
Strengthen the management of fire and electricity use in construction sites, smoking and littering of cigarette butts are strictly prohibited in places such as temporary carpentry rooms, paint and dangerous warehouses and fire prohibition areas, and temporary wires and illegal use of electric heating appliances are strictly prohibited in construction workers' dormitories.
The approval system must be strictly implemented for fire and welding operations at the construction site, and welders must be certified to work. Before the operation, the surrounding combustibles should be cleaned up, equipped with fire extinguishing equipment if necessary, and sent special personnel to guard, after the operation, the scene should be cleaned up in time to prevent ignition and fire.
Flammable and explosive materials should be classified and stored in a special warehouse, and keep the warehouse well ventilated, it is strictly forbidden to store flammable and combustible materials inside the construction building, and it is strictly forbidden to deploy paints and thinners on site.
It is strictly forbidden to use combustible and flammable materials to set up temporary areas, and to be equipped with fire-fighting facilities and equipment in accordance with regulations, and to do regular maintenance to ensure that they are intact and effective, and it is strictly forbidden to damage, embezzle, bury, occupy, and block fire-fighting facilities and equipment.
Ensure that the evacuation routes, safe exits, and temporary fire truck passages in the construction site are unblocked, and it is forbidden to pile up materials, pile up materials or crowd the temporary fire lanes in these places.
Fire safety education should be carried out for all construction personnel, to ensure that personnel can use fire extinguishing equipment, master the methods of extinguishing initial small fires, and regularly organize emergency evacuation drills.
In the case of a fire accident in a high-rise building
If you want to successfully escape
It's important to learn to help yourself
Here are some escape knowledge points
Keep in mind!
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Chengdu emergency reminds you:
Learn safety knowledge and master emergency skills
Strengthen security awareness and build a strong line of defense
Source: Ministry of Emergency Management of the People's Republic of China, China Fire Protection, Shantou Fire Protection