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Preface:
In the long history of China, how many emperors have been able to truly put the world first, rather than only caring about personal interests?
How many monarchs can stay awake in the whirlpool of power and show wisdom that transcends their time?
Emperor Liu Heng of the Han Dynasty, the emperor who was hailed as the "King of Success" by later generations,
Is his path to the throne and the establishment of a crown prince really as simple as it seems?
In this seemingly prosaic historical script, what kind of conspiracy and benevolence are hidden?
Bloody Rain: The Lü Rebellion and the New Emperor's Choice
In the autumn of 180 B.C., a thrilling change of power was taking place in the Central Plains.
The fall of the Lu clan was like a sudden storm, turning the entire government and the opposition upside down.
In this coup d'état launched by Zhou Bo, Chen Ping, Guan Ying and other meritorious factions in conjunction with Liu Xiang, Liu Zhang and other royal factions,
But all those with the surname Lu, men, women, and children, were slaughtered.
Before the smell of blood dissipated, an unexpected decision was quietly formed in the court - to elect Liu Heng, the acting king, as the new emperor.
When Liu Heng, who was far away in Daidi, received the news, his heart was full of doubts and uneasiness.
As a vassal king who had spent fifteen years in the domain, he knew very little about the situation in the capital.
Faced with this sudden throne, Liu Heng fell into deep thinking: Is this an opportunity or a trap? Is it a blessing or a curse?
After careful consideration, Liu Heng decided to accept this challenge.
He sent his uncle Bo Zhao to Chang'an to spy on the situation.
At the same time, he did not forget to consult the ministers of the country.
In the end, at the strong suggestion of Lieutenant Song Chang, Liu Heng decided to set off for Beijing.
Proceed with caution: the new emperor is every step of the way
Liu Heng's cautious character was fully revealed at this time.
He did not immediately go to Chang'an, but took six henchmen with him and went to Gaoling, not far from the capital, to station.
Here, he again sent Song Chang to the capital to reconnoiter the situation.
Only after confirming that the civil and military officials were indeed waiting at Baqiao, Liu Heng really relieved himself and decided to meet the ministers.
This cautious attitude is inseparable from Liu Heng's way of survival over the years.
As Liu Bang's son, he witnessed the murder of many of his brothers.
Especially during the reign of Empress Lü,
He was almost made King of Zhao – a position that has become synonymous with taking the life of the prince.
It was with his wit and prudence that Liu Heng was able to survive this cruel game of survival.
Enthronement: The beginning of a new imperial court
In the first month of 179 BC, Liu Heng officially ascended the throne as emperor and was Emperor Wen of Han.
However, for this hard-won throne, Emperor Wen did not show a complacent posture.
On the contrary, he showed rare humility and vigilance.
Emperor Wen knew that he was elected to the throne, which was the first time in the history of the Han Dynasty.
His accession to the throne broke the succession system of "brother to brother" because he inherited the position of the late Emperor Hui.
What is even more disturbing is that in order to ensure his smooth accession to the throne, the ministers of the court and China even put all four of Emperor Hui's sons to death.
This special background of enthronement made Emperor Wen show extraordinary political wisdom at the beginning of his ascension to the throne.
On the night of his accession to the throne, he decisively seized Zhou Bo's military power and began to cultivate his own power.
This move shows both his decisiveness and his inner insecurity.
The dispute between the crown prince: the game of three concessions and three invitations
Three months after ascending the throne, Emperor Wen faced a major political problem - to establish a crown prince.
The ministers played three times in a row, imploring Emperor Wen to establish the candidate for the crown prince as soon as possible.
They unanimously agreed that Emperor Wen's eldest son, Liu Qi, was the best candidate.
However, to everyone's surprise, Emperor Wen resigned three times.
Emperor Wen's excuse seems to be high-sounding: he claims that he is too shallow in virtue to be emperor;
It would be extremely immoral to inherit the throne now and pass it on to his own son.
He even proposed to select a virtuous person from the clan surnamed Liu as the crown prince.
This ostensibly humble attitude hides deep political wisdom.
Emperor Wen understood that his way of ascending the throne was special, and if he rashly appointed his son as the crown prince,
It is likely to cause displeasure among the courtiers.
In this way, he showed his humility and generosity,
It also laid the groundwork for the inheritance system of "father dies and son succession" in the future.
Scheming and benevolence: the political wisdom of Emperor Wen
This series of actions of Emperor Wen demonstrated his superb political wisdom and far-sighted strategic vision.
Other candidates for the crown prince he proposed, such as his uncle Liu Jiao, King of Chu, Liu Bi, cousin Liu Bi, King of Wu, and Liu Chang, King of Huainan, etc.,
In fact, it is impossible to become a true heir.
These people were either very old or had complicated relations with the imperial court and could not get the support of the ministers at all.
In this way, Emperor Wen showed his benevolence and generosity,
He also skillfully guided the ministers to spontaneously support the appointment of their son as the crown prince.
This not only established a new system of "father dies and son succeeds", but also won a good reputation for itself, which can be described as killing multiple birds with one stone.
This approach of Emperor Wen not only reflects his political wisdom, but also shows his deep understanding of the operation of power.
He understood that in the complex politics of the imperial court, direct dominance was not always the best option.
Sometimes, a gesture of retreat can win more support and recognition.
Epilogue:
The road to the throne of Emperor Liu Heng of the Han Dynasty and the establishment of the crown prince are not only a historical event, but also a vivid political lesson.
His prudence, wisdom and foresight enabled him to not only preserve himself in the midst of turbulent situations,
It also succeeded in consolidating power and laying the foundation for the long-term stability of the Han Dynasty.
Emperor Wen's actions demonstrate the qualities of a good ruler:
It is necessary to have the courage to make decisive decisions, and the wisdom to plan and act;
We must not only understand the operation of power, but also care about the people of the world.
It is this art of ruling that is both scheming and benevolent,
As a result, Emperor Wen of the Han Dynasty won the reputation of "the king of Shoucheng" and became one of the most respected emperors in Chinese history.
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