The Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China (CPC) called for "improving the system and mechanism for developing new productive forces in accordance with local conditions" and made comprehensive arrangements. We must enhance our ideological understanding, strengthen institutional guarantees, and implement them in an all-round way.
1. Deeply understand the great significance of improving the system and mechanism for developing new productive forces in accordance with local conditions
General Secretary Xi Jinping creatively proposed the "development of new quality productive forces", which is an innovative development of the Marxist theory of productive forces, giving Xi Jinping's economic thought a new connotation, and has great theoretical and practical significance. The development of new quality productivity is an intrinsic requirement and an important focus for promoting high-quality development, and a major strategic measure to promote Chinese-style modernization, which will have a far-reaching impact on the economic and social development of the mainland.
This is an inevitable requirement for giving play to the superiority of the socialist system and accelerating the improvement of the level of productive forces. The productive forces determine the relations of production, and the relations of production should be compatible with the development of the productive forces. Since the beginning of reform and opening up, our party has always regarded the emancipation and development of the social productive forces as its fundamental task, constantly improved the system and mechanism, optimized the relations of production, and achieved a great leap in its economic, scientific, technological, and comprehensive national strength. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the CPC Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at the core has deepened its understanding of the law of the development of productive forces, promoted comprehensive and deepening reforms, and continued to promote the development of social productive forces. The most fundamental and urgent task of comprehensively promoting the building of a strong country and the great cause of national rejuvenation with Chinese-style modernization is to further emancipate and develop the social productive forces, accelerate the formation of production relations that are more compatible with the new quality productive forces, further demonstrate the superiority of the socialist system, and consolidate the material and technological foundation for modernization.
This is a practical need to fully implement the new development concept and solidly promote high-quality development. High-quality development is the last word in the new era. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the mainland's economic strength has achieved a historic leap, with a GDP of more than 126 trillion yuan and a per capita GDP of 12,700 US dollars in 2023, ranking among the top middle-income countries. At the same time, it should be noted that the problem of unbalanced and inadequate development on the mainland is still prominent, the ability to innovate in science and technology is not strong, the gap in income distribution is still quite large, the constraints on resources and environment are becoming tighter, and the limitations of the traditional productive forces and growth model are becoming increasingly prominent. The new quality productivity is guided by the new development concept and represents the direction of the productive forces. We must drive the iterative upgrading of productivity with scientific and technological innovation, empower the in-depth transformation and upgrading of industries with new quality productivity, and continue to form new momentum and new space for high-quality economic development.
This is the requirement of the times to adapt to the trend of a new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation and win the initiative in development. At present, global scientific and technological innovation has entered an unprecedentedly intensive and active period, with a new generation of information technology, biotechnology, new materials, and new energy widely penetrating, reconstructing the global innovation map and affecting the pattern of competition among major powers. Major countries in the world are vigorously developing emerging industries and future industries to seize the commanding heights of a new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation. At the same time, economic globalization has encountered headwinds, and the United States and other Western countries have spared no effort to suppress and contain China, and have tried to "decouple and break the chain" with China. From the perspective of history, macro and pattern, we should understand the extreme importance and urgency of seizing the opportunity for a leap in productivity brought about by this round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation, promote the major transformation of the mainland's scientific and technological and industrial development from a "follower" to a "leader", and vigorously support the construction of a strong country and the great cause of national rejuvenation.
Second, improve the main tasks of the system and mechanism for developing new quality productive forces in accordance with local conditions
Constructing production relations that are more compatible with the new quality of productive forces involves economic, social, and ideological changes, and changes people's production, life, and way of thinking, and it is necessary to promote innovative, deep-seated, and systematic reforms. At present and for some time to come, we should focus on the following aspects around speeding up the formation of production relations that are more compatible with the development of new productive forces.
(1) Improve the system and mechanism for the optimization and upgrading of traditional industries. The optimization and upgrading of traditional industries is an important support and way to form new quality productivity. After long-term development, the mainland's traditional industries have achieved remarkable results in terms of scale, structural system, technical level, and international market share. However, it should also be noted that there are problems in the mainland's traditional industries, such as "big but not strong," "complete but not refined," and "redundant production capacity" in some fields. The first is to support the transformation and upgrading of traditional industries with digital intelligence technology. Improve the effective mechanism for supporting and guiding enterprises to carry out technological transformation, encourage research on common technologies in key areas of traditional manufacturing, and accelerate the demonstration of the industrial application of digital intelligence technology in traditional industries. The second is to support the transformation and upgrading of traditional industries with green technology. Accelerate the innovation of green technology and the promotion and application of advanced green technologies, continue to optimize the economic policy toolbox that supports green and low-carbon development, and develop green productivity in an all-round and whole-process manner. The third is to lead the optimization and upgrading of traditional industries with the promotion of national standards. By the end of 2023, there are more than 44,000 existing national standards in mainland China, and a number of key core national standards such as technology, safety, energy consumption, and emissions will be revised, institutional constraints and standard guidance will be strengthened, and technological transformation, consumption quality improvement and smooth circulation will be promoted.
(2) Strengthen the institutional mechanism for promoting high-level scientific and technological self-reliance and self-reliance. Scientific and technological innovation has a decisive impact on the qualitative state of productive forces and industrial transformation. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the mainland's scientific and technological innovation capability has been significantly enhanced, and it has gradually transformed from following to running and leading, and has risen from 34th in 2012 to 12th in 2023 in the Global Innovation Index. It should also be noted that there is still a gap between the mainland's scientific and technological innovation capability and the world's advanced level, and some key core technologies are still controlled by others. It is necessary to aim at the world's frontier of science and technology, give full play to the advantages of the system of concentrating forces to do great things, and promote the development of new productive forces. The first is to promote the sustainable development of leading fields and consolidate and expand the dominant position. Increase the proportion of science and technology spending on basic research, increase long-term and stable support for basic disciplines and interdisciplinary disciplines, strengthen the original orientation of "from 0 to 1", implement a number of forward-looking and strategic major science and technology projects, and strengthen the supply of cutting-edge leading technologies. The second is to promote the development of parallel fields and enhance innovation capabilities. Give full play to the advantages of the mainland's super-large-scale market and industrial systematization, systematically promote scientific and technological innovation, large-scale application and industrialization development, and accelerate scale expansion and technological upgrading and iteration. The third is to promote the accelerated development of the field of follow-up, and strive to catch up. We will do a good job in tackling key core technologies, promote breakthroughs in the whole chain of technological research and application of achievements, and ensure a safe and stable industrial chain and supply chain with an independent and controllable innovation chain. At the same time, it is necessary to pay attention to disruptive technological innovation to achieve "corner overtaking", and promote the realization of parallel or even leading in more fields.
(3) Improve policies and governance systems for promoting the development of strategic industries. Strategic emerging industries are knowledge- and technology-intensive, have great growth potential, and have good comprehensive benefits, which play a leading role in the overall economic and social development and long-term development, and are the main fronts for the formation of new quality productive forces. In recent years, China's strategic emerging industries have flourished, with their value-added as a proportion of GDP rising from 7.6% in 2014 to more than 13% in 2023. It should also be noted that the mainland's strategic emerging industries have problems such as a weak foundation of key core technologies, a homogeneous layout of regional industries, and a lack of urgently needed talents in the industry, which need to be resolved. The first is to focus on improving the basic capacity of the industry. We will unswervingly forge long boards, make up for shortcomings, and make key breakthroughs around core basic components and components, key basic materials, advanced basic technologies, and industrial technology foundations. The second is to promote the ecological development of integrated clusters of strategic emerging industries. We will further promote the development of national strategic emerging industrial clusters, build a cascade development system for industrial clusters, and cultivate a number of strategic emerging industrial clusters with their own characteristics, complementary advantages and reasonable structure in key areas. The third is to guide the healthy and orderly development of emerging industries. Optimize the regional layout of industries, strive to eliminate various forms of local protection and market segmentation, and standardize local laws and regulations for attracting investment. We will continue to expand the market space and promote the development and growth of more emerging industries into pillar industries.
(4) Establish a mechanism for the growth of future industrial investment. The future industry is driven by cutting-edge scientific and technological innovation, and is currently in the embryonic period or the early stage of industrialization, with huge development potential in the future, and is the most active force in the global innovation map and economic pattern changes. At present, in the face of fierce competition from major countries in the world, the future industrial development of the mainland is facing a situation of "retreat if you do not advance, and retreat if you advance slowly". It is necessary to open up new tracks for future industries such as quantum technology and life sciences, and establish a mechanism for the growth of future industrial investment. The first is to strengthen the forward-looking and leading layout. Grasp the characteristics of future industrial incubation with high uncertainty, high growth in development, and multi-route iteration of technology, strengthen forward-looking planning and policy guidance, and build an industrial cultivation chain of innovation curation, transformation and incubation, application traction, and ecological construction. The second is to increase the supply of source technology. Strengthen cutting-edge leading technology and disruptive technological innovation, and systematically implement the main position of enterprises in innovation decision-making, R&D investment, scientific research organization, and achievement transformation. The third is to strengthen the supply of new fields and new track systems. Explore the establishment of an inclusive and prudent adaptive regulatory system for new industries, new business forms and new models, and support enterprises, especially small and medium-sized enterprises, to boldly explore trial and error. Support local governments to carry out future industry-related reforms and policy pilot trials.
(5) Improve the system and mechanism for promoting the development of various advanced factors of production and the agglomeration of new productive forces. The development of new quality productive forces depends on the improvement of the quality of various factors of production and the improvement of allocation efficiency. It is necessary to reform and innovate the mode of allocation of factors of production, and promote the agglomeration of factors of production such as labor, capital, land, knowledge, technology, management, and data to the development of new productive forces. The first is to promote the entrepreneurial spirit. Love and support outstanding entrepreneurs, effectively stimulate entrepreneurs' creative initiative in the allocation of resource elements, discover new markets, develop new products, apply new technologies, realize new combinations, and support enterprises of all kinds of ownership to jointly promote the development of new quality productivity. The second is to deepen the reform of the management system for labor and talent development. Improve the working mechanism of talent training, introduction, use, evaluation, and mobility, and strengthen the cultivation of innovative and skilled talents. Accelerate the smooth flow of labor and talent social channels, and open up talent exchange channels for universities, scientific research institutes and enterprises. The third is to improve the financial system of science and technology. Improve diversified "relay" financial services that are compatible with the characteristics of each stage of the life cycle of scientific and technological innovation and industrial development, and encourage and regulate the development of angel investment, venture capital, and private equity investment. Fourth, we should vigorously promote the transformation of advanced and applicable technologies into new productive forces. Deepen the reform of the mechanism for the transformation of scientific and technological achievements, strengthen the construction of the team of technical managers, and allow scientific and technological personnel to have greater autonomy in the distribution of benefits from the transformation of scientific and technological achievements. Fifth, optimize the land management system. Priority should be given to ensuring the rational use of land for leading industries and major projects, so that advantageous areas will have more room for development. Promote the mixed development and utilization of land and the rational conversion of uses. Formulate policies for the extension and renewal of the right to use industrial and commercial land. Promote the rational and orderly use of sea and air. Sixth, improve the market-oriented allocation system of resources and environmental factors. Establish and improve the market-oriented allocation mechanism of resources and environmental elements such as carbon emission rights, energy use rights, water use rights, and pollutant discharge rights, deepen the reform of the energy management system, and guide all kinds of resources and environmental elements to gather green productivity.
(6) Improve the system for promoting the deep integration of the real economy and the digital economy. In recent years, the development of the digital economy has been unprecedentedly fast, widespread, and influential. The scale of the digital economy on the mainland has ranked second in the world for many years, and the scale of the core industries of the digital economy has grown rapidly, and its added value accounts for about 10% of GDP. The next step is to strengthen the construction and application of new infrastructure. Accelerate the construction of a new infrastructure that is high-speed and ubiquitous, integrated with heaven and earth, cloud-network integration, intelligent and agile, and promote the innovation and development of the industrial Internet. Build and operate a national data infrastructure to facilitate data sharing. The second is to accelerate the popularization and application of the new generation of information technology in all directions and in the whole chain. Artificial intelligence is becoming a new general-purpose technology with a wide and profound impact similar to the steam engine and electricity in history. It is necessary to promote innovation and breakthroughs in key elements such as computing power, algorithms, and data, accelerate the deployment of large models in the industrial field, and promote general artificial intelligence to empower various industries. The third is to build a digital industrial cluster with international competitiveness. Improve the policy system for promoting digital industrialization and industrial digitalization. Strengthen the integration and innovation ecology of large and medium-sized enterprises, and encourage large enterprises to cooperate with small and medium-sized enterprises through open platforms and other forms. Fourth, improve the ability of data security governance and supervision. Accelerate the establishment of systems for determining the ownership of data property rights, market transactions, distribution of rights and interests, and protection of interests. Improve the normalized regulatory system for the platform economy. Actively participate in the formulation of global standards and rules in the digital field.
3. Comprehensively and accurately grasp the policy requirements for the development of new quality productive forces
The development of new quality productive forces is a long-term task and a systematic project. It is necessary to have both historical patience and a sense of urgency that sometimes we cannot wait, to plan systematically and advance as a whole, and to use appropriate methods to prevent deviations.
(1) We must stick to the real economy and not ignore or abandon traditional industries. Tradition and modernity, old and new are both relative and dialectical. The new qualitative productivity emphasizes the qualitative state, rather than the simple business format. The development of new quality productive forces is not to blindly seek the new, replace the old with the new, and simply withdraw from traditional industries as "low-end industries" and "outdated industries", which will cause industrial hollowing out or industrial faults. Traditional industries are not necessarily backward industries, but through scientific and technological empowerment, transformation and upgrading, they can also give birth to new industries and form new quality productivity, and "old trees can sprout". New quality productivity cannot be created in a vacuum, and needs the support and achievements of the real economy.
(2) It is necessary to adapt measures to local conditions and not rush to the top. The development concept, basic connotation, and characteristics of the times of the new quality productive forces are universal and consistent. However, the situation in various parts of the mainland is complex and diverse, and the development is unbalanced, and it is necessary to give full consideration to the actual conditions of different regions and industries in the actual development of industries in practice, so as to adapt measures to local conditions and provide guidance according to different categories. It is necessary to grasp the direction and path of the development of new quality productive forces according to the local development stage, functional positioning, resource endowment, industrial base, scientific research conditions, etc., and develop selectively, sequentially, and in a focused manner.
(3) It is necessary to work steadily and steadily, and cannot be in a hurry. The cultivation and growth of new quality productive forces is a gradual process, and it cannot be achieved overnight. It is necessary to respect the law of scientific and technological innovation and industrial development, and persist in seeking progress while maintaining stability. Some places with a strong economic foundation, strong scientific research strength, and superior innovation environment can be built as quickly as possible, and can speed up the development of important positions for the development of new quality productive forces. In places where the conditions do not exist for the time being, the pace should be slower and steady, and the new quality productive forces should be developed in a steady and orderly manner, and the so-called "high-tech" industries should not be rushed forward in a hurry, greedy for foreign goods, and detached from reality.
(4) It is necessary to give full play to the role of the "two hands" of the government and the market, and cannot be offside or absent. To develop new quality productive forces, it is necessary to make joint efforts with the "two hands" of the government and the effective market. The government can play a better role in scientific layout, policy guidance, rule-making, fiscal and tax support, etc., create a good atmosphere that encourages innovation, allows trial and error, and tolerates failure, so as to avoid overcapacity and waste of resources caused by repeated construction. At the same time, the market mechanism is an important driving force to promote technological and industrial innovation. It is necessary to give full play to the decisive role of the market in the allocation of resources, strengthen the dominant position of enterprises in scientific and technological innovation, and make all kinds of enterprises the main force in the development of new quality productive forces.
(5) We must adhere to open innovation and cannot work behind closed doors. Openness is an important feature of new quality productivity, and insisting on open innovation is an inevitable requirement for the development of new quality productivity. It is necessary to focus on creating an open innovation ecology with global competitiveness, efficiently introduce high-quality capital, key resources, advanced technology, and top-notch talents on a global scale, gather them for our use, and make full use of global innovation resources and global innovation achievements to develop new quality productivity.
Source: People's Daily
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