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Text: Yanyan
Edited by Yeon-yeon
——【· Preface ·】——》
As an important part of Chinese film and television culture, historical dramas have always been favored by audiences.
However, attentive viewers will find that there are very few historical dramas about the Yuan Dynasty. Why is it that when historical dramas are so rich in themes, dramas related to the Yuan Dynasty are so rare?
What is the reason behind this? Is it because the history of the Yuan Dynasty is too complicated, or is it because of some unspeakable taboo?
Conquerors from the steppes to the Central Plains
At the beginning of the 13th century, nomadic tribes on the Mongolia plateau were at loggerheads. In this vast grassland, a young man named Temujin came to prominence. He came from an aristocratic background and showed exceptional leadership skills from an early age.
He was good at riding and archery, brave and fearless, and performed many miracles in tribal battles. Temujin was not only skilled in martial arts, but also resourceful. He judged the situation and defeated the tribes one by one through alliances and wars, and finally unified the Mongolia Plateau.
In 1206, Temujin was elected leader of the Mongolia and honored as "Genghis Khan". This proud son of the grassland has since started his great journey to conquer the world.
Genghis Khan was ambitious, and his goal was to build an empire like no other. He led the Mongolia cavalry and was invincible, conquering Western Liao and Western Xia.
The Mongolia army, with its superb cavalry and archery skills and brutal methods of warfare, terrified the enemy. Genghis Khan also created a set of effective military systems, dividing the army into units such as 1,000 and 100 units, and implementing strict discipline and management.
However, jealous of the talent, Genghis Khan died of illness on the way to the west. His grandson Kublai Khan carried on his legacy and led the Mongolian army south to the Central Plains, where he launched a protracted war with the Southern Song Dynasty.
Kublai Khan inherited the wisdom and courage of his grandfather, and he was determined to complete this great journey and leave a strong mark on Chinese history.
Jin Ge Iron Horse, stepping on the mountains and rivers of the Southern Song Dynasty
Kublai Khan knew that in order to completely conquer the Central Plains, he must take Lin'an (present-day Hangzhou), the capital of the Southern Song Dynasty. He adopted the strategy of "distant friendship and close attack", successively conquered Xiangyang, Wuchang and other important towns, and cut off the military arteries of the Southern Song Dynasty.
The Mongolian army was like a wolf, and their cavalry was like a sharp arrow, straight into the heart of the Southern Song Dynasty. The soldiers and civilians of the Southern Song Dynasty rose up to resist, and they would rather die than give in, and fought bloodily.
However, in the face of the fierce offensive of the Mongolia army, the Southern Song army was defeated one after another. Many soldiers generously went to righteousness and died with the enemy.
In 1275, the Mongolian army approached the city, and the Southern Song Dynasty was forced to abandon the city and flee. The 9-year-old little emperor Emperor Song Gong was captured, and the Southern Song court was destroyed. Kublai Khan entered Lin'an and announced the establishment of the Yuan Dynasty, with the capital at Dadu (present-day Beijing).
At this point, the long-standing confrontation between the north and the south since the end of the Tang Dynasty came to an end, and China regained its great unification. However, this superficial unity hides the deep-seated contradictions.
The demise of the Southern Song Dynasty meant the end of the Han regime. Whether the Mongolia, as foreign conquerors, can win the trust and support of the Han people is a huge challenge. Kublai Khan needed wisdom and political skill to consolidate his rule.
The Yuan Dynasty was ineffective in governing the country and contradictions gradually emerged
Although Kublai Khan was a generation of Ming monarchs, it was difficult for him to adapt to the political ecology of the Central Plains. He followed some of the systems of the previous dynasty and set up the Imperial Historical Observatory to supervise hundreds of officials, in an attempt to strengthen the centralization of power.
Economically, he took the advice of his ministers, encouraged agricultural production, pacified the exiles, and valued commercial development. For a time, the Yuan Dynasty showed a thriving scene. Kublai Khan also recruited talents and reused Han officials.
He appointed Yelu Chucai, Guo Shoujing and others to give full play to their talents. Under Kublai Khan's rule, the Yuan Dynasty's territory continued to expand, and its economy recovered and developed.
However, as time passed, the contradictions of the Yuan dynasty intensified. The rulers divided the ethnic groups of the country into four classes, and the Mongolians enjoyed various privileges above the other ethnic groups.
The Mongolia aristocracy was not only politically favored, but also economically occupied a lot of resources. They own vast lands and enjoy tax relief. In contrast, the Han Chinese are discriminated against and exploited.
The imperial court imposed heavy taxes on the peasants, and many were displaced and lived in hardship. The Mongolia aristocracy annexed land and turned fertile land into pasture, exacerbating social conflicts.
In addition, the polygamy and step-marriage systems promoted by the rulers of the Yuan Dynasty were also incompatible with the ethics and morality of the Central Plains, causing widespread dissatisfaction.
The people are struggling to make a living, and the Red Turban Army rises up
At the end of the Yuan Dynasty, the decadence and incompetence of the ruling class reached its extreme. Corrupt officials and corrupt officials run rampant in the DPRK and China, turning a deaf ear to the people's suffering. The peasants were living in dire straits, and they were miserable by the exorbitant taxes and miscellaneous taxes.
Many were forced to leave their homes and become beggars or slaves. At the same time, the foundations of the Yuan dynasty were becoming increasingly fragile. The ruler was obsessed with extravagant pleasures and indifferent to the affairs of the state.
The generals also lost their former bravery, and the combat effectiveness of the army declined. Under these conditions, peasant uprisings sprung up. The most influential of these was the Red Turban Army. The Red Turban Army was based on the White Lotus Sect and developed rapidly among the people.
The White Lotus Sect preached the "birth of the Ming King", which brought hope to the suffering peasants. The Red Turban Army attracted a large number of poor peasants, who held high the banner of "anti-Yuan and anti-riot" and won the support of the broad masses of the people. In 1351, Zhu Yuanzhang, the leader of the Red Turban Army, revolted in Haozhou (present-day Fengyang, Anhui) and soon occupied the surrounding area.
Zhu Yuanzhang was born poor, but he has great ambitions and is good at employing people. He recruited talented people and straightened out military discipline to make the Red Turban Army a powerful armed force. Since then, the battle of "chasing the Central Plains" has gradually unfolded.
The heroes rose together, and the world was in chaos. Zhu Yuanzhang, with his extraordinary military talent and political wisdom, gradually expanded his power and laid the foundation for the establishment of a new dynasty.
Heroes emerged, and Zhu Yuanzhang established the Ming Dynasty
In the turbulent times where the heroes rose together, Zhu Yuanzhang stood out. He came from a poor background, but he had big ambitions. Zhu Yuanzhang once entered Buddhism when he was young, and he was pious and ambitious.
But in the turbulent times, he resolutely embarked on the road of military conquest. Zhu Yuanzhang organized a peasant uprising and soon became the leader of the Red Turban Army. He is good at employing people and recruiting talents, and he has gathered a large number of wise and brave generals under his command.
Zhu Yuanzhang himself was also an outstanding military strategist, and he personally formulated the battle plan and commanded it. Under his leadership, the Red Turban Army attacked the city and plundered the land.
In 1367, Zhu Yuanzhang captured Dadu, captured Emperor Yuan Shun, and declared the founding of the Yuan Dynasty. The following year, he proclaimed himself emperor in Nanjing, established the Ming Dynasty, and changed the Yuan to Hongwu. Since then, the Mengyuan Dynasty has completely withdrawn from the stage of history.
After Zhu Yuanzhang succeeded to the throne, he set about restoring social order and implementing a series of reform measures. He abolished the four-class system, cracked down on corrupt officials and corrupt officials, treated the poor lightly, and was sympathetic to the people's feelings.
At the same time, he also vigorously promoted Confucianism and attached great importance to education and the imperial examination system. Under the governance of Zhu Yuanzhang, the Ming Dynasty gradually embarked on the road to prosperity. This emperor from the bottom, with his extraordinary talent and courage, ushered in a new era.
——[· Conclusion ·] ——"
Although the Yuan Dynasty was not long, it had a profound impact on Chinese history. It has promoted ethnic exchanges and integration, promoted the development of commodity economy, and left behind many precious cultural heritages.
However, due to the many problems during his reign and the lack of historical materials, some details of the Yuan Dynasty are difficult to verify, and it is not conducive to the creation of film and television dramas.
Despite this, this period of ups and downs in history is still worth exploring and thinking about.
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