In the past few years, succulents have been all the rage, and in recent years, potted plants have been in the limelight, and phalaenopsis and tulips have become the new favorites of New Year's flowers...... Flower varieties emerge in an endless stream, the price of flowers is high and low, planting enterprises want to make money all the time, or master new varieties, new cultivation technology; Either occupy a larger market in order to maintain stable profits.
At a time when various industries are vying to cultivate and develop new quality productivity, the trajectory of the "smile curve" is not understated because it is on a pot of flowers.
High-priced "introduction"
Flower breeding has always faced the embarrassment of "stuck neck".
As the venue of the 8th Jinan Flower Expo, after several years of development, the area of flower facilities in Shanghe County has developed to 1.55 million square meters, and 200,000 square meters of hot spring flower innovation incubation base, 300,000 square meters of cross-strait flower innovation park, and 200,000 square meters of hot spring flower valley have been built...... There are nearly 30 enterprises in the park, and the variety of flowers has grown from dozens to more than 300 at present. "One flower" leverages a large industry of 2 billion yuan.
Under the gratifying results, Shanghe County has maintained rationality and sobriety: varieties are the "chips" for the development of the flower industry, and only by mastering varieties can we grasp the leading power in the entire industrial chain. "The excellent varieties demanded by the mainland flower industry are heavily dependent on foreign imports, so there will be many restrictive factors, which restrict the development of enterprises and the overall industry." According to the person in charge of the service center of Shanghe County National Agricultural Science and Technology Park, foreign flower breeding started earlier, has a relatively mature seed bank, has a good breeding system and variety cultivation technology, and we need a higher cost to buy variety authorization or directly purchase seedlings. In the sub-propagation of seedlings, there are also many risks in the production process due to the limitations of environment, equipment, talents, technology, etc.
As one of the first enterprises to settle in the park, Rural Oasis (Shandong) Agricultural Technology Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as "Rural Oasis") has the largest anthurium hot spring breeding base in Jiangbei. The anthurium of the base is mainly sold domestically, and the wholesale market is set up, and wholesale points are set up in major cities across the country. Even if it reaches such a scale, when it comes to the "stuck neck" problem of breeding, the relevant person in charge of the enterprise is still full of sadness. For example, in the past few years, although the company has been very mature in the later stage of breeding, the high-profit early tissue culture technology is not mature, and it is necessary to introduce foreign seedlings at a high price. After that, the village oasis is cultivated for 12 months, during which it needs to bear the cost of labor, electricity and other costs. Subsequently, it is distributed according to the special grade, A grade, B grade, and C grade. When the market is at its best, the premium flowers can be sold for more than 40 yuan, the A-grade flowers can be sold for more than 30 yuan, and the B-grade flowers can be sold for about 20 yuan. In the case of an anthurium, the cost of "introduction" accounts for one-third, and the rural oasis can only earn three or four yuan, accounting for only about one-tenth of the final selling price.
In-house breeding
"Science and enterprise cooperation" to promote industrial upgrading
After deeply experiencing the embarrassment of being "stuck in the neck", a number of leading enterprises gradually began to cooperate with Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, China Tropical Research Institute and other scientific research institutions to carry out seedling tissue culture and new variety research and development, set up an academician workstation, introduced high-end talents, and successively developed and cultivated 22 new varieties of anthurium. Nowadays, in Shanghe County National Agricultural Science and Technology Park, it has brought together a number of seedling R&D and production enterprises such as Rural Oasis, Shandong Huihai, Jinan Dayi, etc., with a seedling tissue culture, incubation and production area of 200,000 square meters.
Taking Shandong Huihai as an example, the company has three bases in the country, and the base in Shanghe County is 80,000 square meters, which is the largest among them, and can produce more than 400 varieties of orchids. The company can breed more than 40 million Phalaenopsis seedlings every year. Coupled with more than 10 million plants on the rural oasis, these two companies alone can breed more than 60 million Phalaenopsis seedlings in tissue culture a year, what is this concept? According to the person in charge of the enterprise, the phalaenopsis market was not very prosperous in the past few years, and about 120 million phalaenopsis seedlings can be cultivated in the country every year. In the past two years, the market has recovered, and the country can achieve 160 million plants in almost a year. This means that the production scale of phalaenopsis seedling tissue culture of these two enterprises occupies a high proportion in the country. Moreover, seedling tissue culture is generally order-based production, and Shandong Huihai's Phalaenopsis seedling orders have been scheduled until 2025.
The high-quality development of the industry requires not only the subjective initiative of the main body of the enterprise, but also the integration of various resources by the government to empower the industry. Shanghe County adheres to the principle of "doing what the government should do", on the one hand, it effectively provides basic public services, and does a good job in planning policy support, public facilities construction, industrial base support, etc.; On the other hand, we will build the main body, build the platform, and dredge the channels, and strive to effectively graft the corporate vision and various elements to realize the division of labor, cooperation and symbiotic development of multiple subjects. For example, in the past two years, the county has focused on the empowerment of science and technology innovation to help the industry upgrade its files. Through the construction of a strong scientific research platform, we will build a potted flower innovation center of the National Flower Engineering Technology Research Center and a Lutai flower science and technology innovation experimental base, jointly establish the Jinan Flower Industry Research Institute, and formulate 8 local agricultural standards and technical regulations in Jinan City, so as to realize the transformation and application of new industrial achievements and new technologies in the vicinity. The county has also strengthened germplasm cultivation, established a flower germplasm resource bank, systematically carried out the introduction, domestication and breeding of germplasm resources, and collected and protected more than 110 species of flowers. At present, the county has 4 enterprises with independent intellectual property rights of varieties, involving 58 varieties, and the seedling tissue culture and incubation area has reached 200,000 square meters.
It can be seen from the path of Shanghe flower science and technology innovation that scientific research institutes have disciplinary advantages, and strengthening the cooperation between science and technology can focus on breaking through the bottlenecks such as original achievements in flower breeding and lack of breakthrough genes. The scientific research institute takes the exploration of breakthrough new seed sources as its own responsibility, and the joint enterprise and market can greatly improve the breeding efficiency, realize the rapid transformation of breeding results, and accelerate the construction of a commercial breeding system. Shanghe flowers are gradually solving the "stuck neck" problem of flower breeding.
In 2022, the National Forestry and Grassland Administration and the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs jointly issued the "Guiding Opinions on Promoting the High-quality Development of the Flower Industry". The opinion proposes to strive to 2025, the flower seed industry innovation system is basically established, and the annual sales of flowers will reach 300 billion yuan, which will undoubtedly bring new opportunities to local enterprises in Shandong.
Build the carrier
Shanghe Flower will have a whole industry chain integrated development complex
The future of flower breeding can be expected, and in the market terminal sales link, Shanghe flower industry is also taking multiple measures to help the "curve" rise.
In March this year, more than 4,100 fresh cut flowers of Phalaenopsis from Jinan Lutai Biotechnology Co., Ltd. successfully left Huangdao Port and were sent to Japan, marking the first fresh cut flowers in Jinan City to go abroad, breaking the bottleneck of flower exports in Shanghe County for a long time and filling the gap in the export of flowers in the city. This has undoubtedly found a new outlet for local flower sales.
In addition, in the face of the basic lease of 1 million square meters of flower greenhouses, Shanghe County is also looking for a way to upgrade and expand the scale of the local flower industry. As a key project of Jinan City, the Jinan Hot Spring Flower Valley project located in the National Agricultural Science and Technology Park of Shanghe County covers an area of 700 acres, and the project planning layout is "one hospital, one port and two bases", of which the "one hospital" is the Jinan Flower Industry Research Institute, the construction of a germplasm bank of flower varieties, the collection and long-term preservation of Phalaenopsis, anthurium, hydrangea and other famous and high-quality flower varieties, screening and research and development of new strains, and promoting the application of new varieties; "One Port" is a 90,000-square-meter hot spring flower port commercial block and a 20,000-square-meter flower expo exhibition center, and is committed to building the province's first new flower retail complex; The "two bases" are 200,000 square meters of anthurium flower R&D and production base and 60,000 square meters of orchid seedling production base. The project has been put into operation, which is an integrated development complex of the whole flower industry chain integrating R&D, tissue culture, production, sales, distribution, display and service in Shanghe County. After the completion of the project, it can produce 40 million famous and high-quality flower seedlings and 9 million famous and high-quality finished flowers annually, driving the employment of more than 1,000 people.
Relying on the flower industry, Shanghe County continues to release development dividends and promote the industry to help farmers increase income: improve the linkage development mechanism, implement the industrialized business development model of "leading enterprises + parks + cooperatives + farmers" and "enterprises + parks", promote enterprises and farmers to form a close interest association, and implement the "four unifications" services of seedlings, fertilizer, technology and acquisition, driving more than 1,000 farmers to increase their annual income by 26,000 yuan; Encourage and guide leading flower enterprises to participate in horticultural expos, strive for brand-name products, and win more than 70 major awards such as the World Expo, the World Horticultural Fair, the National Flower Expo, and the gold medal, and have been approved to create a provincial-level demonstration area for rural revitalization in Qilu, a "hot spring flower town"; Promote the integrated development of industries, do a good job in the extension of "flower +", including Jinan Hot Spring Flower Valley, Shanghe is or will soon build Jinan Flower Port and other 6 industrial integration projects, to create an integrated "production, exhibition, sales, tourism, entertainment, purchase" integrated whole industry chain operation ecology, and build a provincial capital economic circle, the Yellow River Basin flower industry exchange and cooperation and production and marketing docking platform.
There are 8 consecutive years of provincial and municipal flower fairs, agricultural fairs, this year will be hosted by enterprises, market operation, to further stimulate the industry and market vitality, these will become the "new kinetic energy" of the development of Shanghe flower industry. (Jinan Daily Reporter: Shao Minghong Correspondent: Fu Laitao)