In December 1930, the Red Army broke the Kuomintang army in the first anti-encirclement campaign. Seeing that the enemy army was defeated like a mountain, Mao Zedong's poetry flourished, and he wrote a famous poem - "The Fisherman's Proud · Oppose the First Great "Encirclement and Suppression"":
"Wan Mushuang is red, and the heavenly soldiers are angry. The fog was full of Longgang and thousands of mountains were dark, calling in unison, and Zhang Huizan was caught in front of him......"
Since then, Zhang Huizan, who is Chiang Kai-shek's favorite general and deputy commander of the 18th Lieutenant General of the 2nd Army, has become a well-known villain among women and children throughout the country. And Zhang Huizan also became the first Kuomintang "general-level" general to be captured since the Red Army started its troops.
1. "Caught Zhang Huizan in front"
On December 28, 1930, Zhang Huizan heard that the "Tomita Incident" had just occurred in our army, and thought that there was a change within the Red Army, so he thought that now was a good time to attack our army. So he led the 18th Division to set out and surging in the direction of Longgang.
Mao Zedong and Zhu De believed that Zhang Huizan's reversal of the way of using troops, and the lone army went deep and ventured into Longgang, obviously out of the psychology of making meritorious contributions and being proud of the enemy. And Zhang Huizan's psychology is completely exploitable, and this battle is beneficial to me, which can be described as "the right time, the right place, and the right people". Therefore, Mao Zedong and Zhu De established a battle plan and ordered the main forces of the 1st and 3rd Red Army Corps to lay an ambush under the Longgang mountains.
In order to lure Zhang Huizan into the bait, Mao Zedong specially instructed Luo Binghui, commander of the Red Twelfth Army: "You lead the 35th Division, hold Zhang Huizan's nose in the direction of Fujita, and lead him to Longgang."
After Luo Binghui received the order, he led the 35th Division to set off from Fujita, fighting and retreating. While retreating, he also threw his baggage, broadsword, horse lamp and other items on the ground, creating an appearance of losing his armor. As the saying goes, you have to do everything to do it, Luo Binghui also ordered the cooking squad to bury the pot and make rice, but the soldiers were not allowed to eat, but retreated directly backwards.
After Zhang Huizan and his entourage arrived at the place where Luo Binghui buried the pot to make rice, they found a lot of food that "hadn't had time to eat yet", and couldn't help but be very happy: "It seems that the red bandits have really been defeated!" In order to prevent other troops from grabbing credit from him, Zhang Huizan ordered the 18th Division to speed up the march and not let the main force of the Red Army run away.
In this way, Zhang Huizan's troops entered Longgang Wei with great momentum, which was surrounded by mountains and a long and narrow basin in the middle, which was a good place for ambush warfare. After the enemy army arrived at Longgangwei, Luo Binghui ordered people to follow closely behind, demolished the pontoon bridge behind the enemy, and cut off Zhang Huizan's retreat.
In the early morning of December 30, heavy fog fell from the sky, and Mao Zedong and Zhu De walked to Longgang, which was a good weather for annihilating the enemy.
Regarding his bleak fate, the arrogant Zhang Huizan is still unaware. The fog that covered the sky and the sun blocked Zhang Huizan's eyes, and he was in a hurry for a while. Of course, he did not see through Mao Zedong and Zhu De's clever plan to lure the enemy, but feared that the Red Army would take advantage of the fog to escape.
At seven o'clock in the morning, Zhang Huizan broke into the ambush site of our army without a head. By ten o'clock in the morning, the fog had cleared a little, and the general offensive of our troops began.
When Zhang Huizan's troops entered a narrow mountain road, they were suddenly ambushed by the Red Army, who had set up an ambush here in advance. At first, Zhang Huizan didn't care, thinking that this was just a shuttle soldier commanded by Huang Raiders. The national army was well-equipped, and victory was easy.
Therefore, Zhang Huizan ordered: "Those who kill Zhu and Mao will be rewarded with 5,000 foreigners; Those who capture Zhu and Mao alive will be rewarded with 10,000 yuan. ”
But as the gunfire became more and more intense, Zhang Huizan gradually realized that the Red Army he was facing was by no means a local armed force, but a real main force of the Red Army.
In just half an hour, the 18th Division was eaten by 2 battalions, and it was only at this time that Zhang Huizan woke up like a dream. So he concentrated his mortars and dozens of machine guns and launched a counteroffensive against the encircled Red Army. However, the Red Army did not allow the enemy to escape, and they pursued and fought fiercely up and down the mountains, becoming more and more courageous, and finally destroyed Zhang Huizan's division headquarters. In this way, the 18th Division was completely annihilated under the siege of the Red Army, more than 9,000 people did not return with a piece of armor, and nearly 10,000 long and short guns and more than 1 million rounds of ammunition were captured.
In a hurry, Zhang Huizan disguised himself as a shop owner and hid in a dirt pit. At about 18 o'clock, Xun Huaizhou led the Red Army to search for Zhang Huizan everywhere on Wangong Mountain. Finally pulled out a Humpty Dumpty in the dirt pit. Zhang Huizan began to lie that he was a boss, but later had to bow his head and admit: "I am Zhang Huizan." ”
2. "We Caught a Big Fish"
After the battle, Mao Zedong and Zhu De left the command post to visit the front-line commanders and fighters, and at this moment, a Red Army soldier came to report with a fluttering eyebrow: "I have caught Zhang Huizan in front!" ”
When Mao Zedong and Zhu De heard this, they looked at each other and smiled: "It seems that I caught a big fish!" Mao Zedong said: "I heard that Zhang Huizhan is Chiang Kai-shek's favorite general, and he is very arrogant, but I never dreamed that he will now become our prisoner." Zhu De nodded: "I'll go meet him for a while." ”
At this time, Zhang Huizan was being detained by the Red Guards of the Soviet District in the market in Longgang. Zhu De went to take a look and found that the Red Guards were shouting and scolding Zhang Huizan, who had been tied up with five flowers, and some even waved their fists, as if they wanted to hit him. However, Zhang Huizan's face was full of disdain and unruliness, and his eyes emitted fierce lights from time to time.
Zhu De pushed aside the crowd and persuaded everyone to abide by the prisoner policy and not to beat and scold the prisoners. Not only that, Zhu De ordered the squad leader to loosen the tie to Zhang Huizan.
Zhang Huizan took a closer look and saw that the comer, like other Red Army soldiers, was wearing a gray homespun military uniform, and his appearance was not amazing, but his temperament was extraordinary and extraordinary. Zhang Huizan thought that the comer was a Red Army commander, so he wanted to get off the horse, and he said arrogantly:
"Now that I've been caught by you, I have nothing to say. Make an offer! How much does it cost to let me go! ”
Zhu Deyi said solemnly: "Did you brand us as bandits who killed people and kidnapped tickets?" I am not doing business with you, you have always been anti-communist and killed many of our comrades. In the Soviet area, massacres and all kinds of evil were done, how should this account be calculated? ”
Zhu De's voice was not high but majestic, which completely shocked Zhang Huizan, he coughed, and then said in a low voice: "Then what do you want to do with me?" ”
"It depends on your attitude, you can be preferential if you admit your guilt and admit your guilt, if you are stubborn, we will try you publicly!"
"The commander-in-chief is right, hold a meeting to fight him, lead him through the streets, and see if he is still hard-mouthed!" The Red Guards were excited and chimed in.
As soon as Zhang Huizan heard the word "commander-in-chief," he realized that this Red Army commander was none other than Zhu De, and he was greatly defeated for a while, bowing his head and not saying a word. He understood that the crimes he had committed in the Soviet zone were utterly inexoneable, and that he would not be surprised by what the Red Army did. For a while, Zhang Huizan's heart became nervous.
3. Zhang Huizan, whose crimes are too numerous to mention
Zhang Huizan, whose name is Shihou, was born in 1885 in Dongxiang, Changsha, Hunan, and attended private school at an early age. He was originally an officer in the Hunan army, and later took refuge in Chiang Kai-shek's account.
Although Zhang Huizan did not attend the Whampoa Military Academy, he had excellent command skills and was a military talent. After Chiang Kai-shek's betrayal of the revolution, Zhang Huizan actively followed his anti-communist policy, so he was entrusted with important tasks and became the deputy commander of the 18th Division, the elite of Chiang Kai-shek's lineage.
In order to repay Chiang Kai-shek's kindness, Zhang Huizan wantonly suppressed the Communists and progressives on the front line of the suppression of the Communists, causing a series of tragic disasters. During the first encirclement and suppression, Zhang Huizan took the initiative to ask Ying and was willing to be a pioneer. Chiang Kai-shek was so pleased with his attitude that he appointed him commander of the former enemy.
After entering the Soviet area, Zhang Huizan ordered his subordinates: "Donggu has been red, the stone must be overcuted, and the bench must be overfired." "With the connivance of Zhang Huizan, the bandits of the 18th Division burned and looted in the Soviet area, and within 40 miles, all men, women, and children over the age of 10 were killed by killing, regardless of whether they were private houses, public houses, grass houses and earthen houses, all of which were burned down before the troops retreated! All the supplies and food that can be brought with you will also be taken away.
Everywhere Zhang Huizan's troops passed, there were innocent people who had been killed and houses that had been burned down. The people of the Soviet districts and the Red Army wanted to get rid of it as soon as possible.
When Zhang Huizan was captured, he asked the Red Army soldiers on the other side which unit they belonged to. The soldier said: "We are from the Red Fourth Army, and the commander is Lin Biao. Zhang Huizan panicked when he heard this: "Don't take me to see Lin Biao, I want to see Mr. Mao Runzhi's ......." Zhang Huizan later confessed: "I saw that Lin Biao was afraid that he would be young and vigorous, so he shot me dead."
Zhang Huizan and Mao Zedong are both from Hunan, and during the Northern Expedition, the two still had a relationship, which can be regarded as acquaintance. In his opinion, Mao Zedong may be able to take care of the old feelings and save his life.
However, Zhang Huizan only guessed half right, Mao Zedong really wanted to spare his life, but it was by no means a nostalgia for the old feelings. On the contrary, Mao Zedong gritted his teeth at the crimes committed by Zhang Huizan.
Soon after Zhu De left, Mao Zedong also came to Zhang Huizan's cell near dusk. Looking at the grizzled Zhang Huizan, Mao Zedong said sternly and humorously:
"Mr. Shihou, the Northern Expedition has been going on for a few years, why did you meet here? You led your troops from Hunan to Jiangxi, from Nanchang to Longgang, and today it stopped? You write slogans everywhere along the way, saying that you want to "kill pigs and pluck their hair", and now is it you who shaved your head, or did Vermilion shave your head? ”
Zhang Huizan said: "Don't dare, don't dare, or you shaved my head......"
Subsequently, Mao Zedong ordered someone to bring Zhang Huizan a stool and briefly introduced to him the Red Army's prisoner policy. Zhang Huizan nodded as he listened, at this moment, he was most concerned about his own life. He had the audacity to ask:
"Please Mr. Runzhi and Commander-in-Chief Zhu raise their noble hands, be extra gracious, and let me live, I can ask for money and guns, and I can also give medicine."
Mao Zedong waved his hand and said sharply: "We won't kill you, but you must know that if the Red Army doesn't kill you, it's not that you don't have the crime to kill, nor is it that you're afraid that Chiang Kai-shek will retaliate." We don't kill you because we are lenient. ”
Zhang Huizan committed a heinous crime, but killing him at this time would not do the revolution any good. And leaving his life behind, he could exchange a large amount of supplies from Chiang Kai-shek to relieve the urgent needs of the Soviet area. At that time, due to the blockade of the Kuomintang, the supplies of the Red Army were quite scarce, and only three people had one gun, and the bullets were pitiful. Injured, they can only be disinfected with salt water; To amputate a limb without anesthetic, to use a hacksaw. It would be great if you could exchange it for weapons and medicine.
At the same time, our army can also make use of Zhang Huizan's influence among the Kuomintang Hunan soldiers to do the work of dividing and disintegrating the Kuomintang army. In view of this, Mao Zedong and Zhu De made the decision not to execute Zhang Huizan.
Subsequently, Enlai sent Li Xiangwu, deputy secretary general of the Central Military Department, as a representative of the Red Army, and Tu Zuochao, a special section of the CPC Central Committee, as a representative of the CPC, and accompanied Wang Xinyi to Nanchang for negotiations.
Fourth, Chiang Kai-shek was in a hurry
Compared with Mao Zedong, who was calm and relaxed, Chiang Kai-shek was as anxious as an ant on a hot pot. The commander of the lieutenant general division was captured, which was the first time for Chiang Kai-shek. He never expected that the Red Army, which was in rags, lacked food and clothing, and had inferior weapons, would be able to completely annihilate the elite 18th Division and capture Zhang Huizan.
Chiang Kai-shek was furious about this and scolded Lu Diping to the point of blood:
"It is no wonder that the Eighteenth Division failed, and it is immediately defeated as soon as it is defeated, what a rat is daring! Every time you hear about the Communist Party, you panic, so that the Communist Party hears it, don't you snicker? ”
Zhang Huizan's wife, Zhu Xingfang, was very anxious when she learned the news of her husband's arrest, and she found Zhang Huizan's superior, Lu Diping, several times, crying and making trouble, asking him to redeem her husband with money. Hunan military and political officers Cheng Qian, Tang Shengzhi, He Jian, and others also called Nanjing and suggested rescuing Zhang Huizan.
Chiang Kai-shek, who had been high-spirited since the "April 12·" coup, certainly did not want to negotiate with the Red Army, but he thought that Zhang Huizan was quite influential in the military circles in Hunan. If you don't save him, how can you show the care of your subordinates?
Moreover, Zhang Huizan is indeed capable, "a thousand troops are easy to get, but a general is hard to find", so he can't see death without help. At this time, Zhu Xingfang found Chiang Kai-shek again and expressed her willingness to go bankrupt to rescue her husband. Therefore, Chiang Kai-shek was determined to negotiate with the Communists on the most favorable terms. So he telegraphed Lu Diping and agreed to redeem Zhang Huizan.
During the negotiations, Chiang Kai-shek's conditions were staggeringly generous: donate 200,000 oceans and 20 loads of medicine to the Red Army, release more than 100 Communist political prisoners held in the prison in Nanchang, and provide guns and ammunition to equip more than 5,000 people.
This time, the Jiang family really made a bloody investment.
After careful consideration, Zhou Enlai believed that the conditions for the Kuomintang's "ransom" were very superior, and if they could be fulfilled, it would be very beneficial to the Red Army in the central Soviet region, and that a large number of cadres who had been detained by the Kuomintang would also be returned.
However, while Zhou Enlai's representatives were negotiating with the Kuomintang, news came from the Soviet area: "Zhang Huizan has been executed." ”
5. The death of Zhang Huizan
Although Mao Zedong and Zhu De wanted to leave Zhang Huizan's life, they even wanted him to go to the Red Army University to teach military knowledge to the cadets. However, because Zhang Huizan did too many sins in Donggu, he still did not save his life in the end.
At that time, for unknown reasons, the decision of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on the negotiation of exchanging Zhang Huizan with the Kuomintang did not reach the Central Bureau of the Soviet District or the headquarters of the Red Army by radio waves, and the traffic officers sent by Zhou Enlai to deliver letters to Mao and Zhu were also unable to arrive in the Soviet area, resulting in the killing of Zhang Huizan.
On January 28, 1931, the leaders of the Donggu Prefecture Soviet, behind the backs of Mao Zedong and Zhu De, convened a public trial meeting of 3,000 people, and decided to severely punish Zhang Huizan.
In Donggu, Zhang Huizan implemented the "three lights" policy, and the common people hated this butcher to death, and they all wanted to get rid of it as soon as possible. The surviving people spontaneously helped the old and the young, and flocked to the venue like a tide.
At that time, Zhang Huizan was tied up on the rostrum, and the people in the audience were excited, and the shouts of "peeling", "cramping" and "lighting the sky lantern" came and went like a tsunami.
He Changgong on the rostrum was very anxious in the face of the roar of the crowd and the boiling of public discontent. Mao Zedong once specifically instructed him not to hurt Zhang Huizan's life. Now that public opinion is like this, how should we clean it up?
So he approached the presiding officer of the trial assembly and affirmed Mao's policies. At the same time, he also told the platoon commander of the military guard who was guarding Zhang Huizan that he wanted to find a way to get Zhang Huizan away. However, what is surprising is that the presiding officer of the conference scoffed at He Changgong's opinion and announced the immediate execution of Zhang Huizan.
Hundreds of young Red Guards swarmed up and snatched Zhang Huizan from the hands of the Red Army guard platoon. They carried Zhang Huizan like a dead pig to the edge of the paddy field outside the field. He Changgong didn't have time to stop it, and he couldn't stop it. Hearing only a gunshot, Zhang Huizan fell to the ground in a daze......
After Zhang Huizan was executed, the angry crowd cut off his head, put him in a bamboo cage with lime, tied it to an old wooden plaque with "Zhang's Ancestral Hall" written on it, inserted a triangular red cloth flag, and wrote "Zhang Huizan's head, give it to Lu Diping" with ten words, and pushed it into the Gan River in the rain and drifted north downstream.
This wooden plaque drifted on the river for 4 days and was discovered by the Nationalist soldiers downstream, and the Kuomintang only then learned that Zhang Huizan had been killed. Due to the backwardness of the means of communication, the representatives of the Kuomintang and the Communist Party did not know anything about the news of Zhang Huizan's death.
On February 7, 1931, Li Xiangwu and Tu Zuochao arrived in Nanchang from Jiujiang with Wang Xinyi. After arranging Li and Tu properly, Kuomintang negotiator Wang Xinyi said that he would go home first and come over at noon to accompany them to dinner.
Li Xiangwu had nothing to do, so he bought a copy of the day's newspaper on the street, and saw the news of Zhang Huizan's murder on the front page. Li Xiangwu was shocked and hurriedly found Tu Zuochao:
"Zhang Huizan's head is on the ground, what else is there to talk about? Let's go, can't we enter the hostel? If you don't run away, it's too late? ”
Li Xiangwu and Tu Zuochao fled from Nanchang with their front feet, and the Kuomintang police car killed the hostel with their back feet, but naturally they pounced.
After Zhang Huizan's death, Chiang Kai-shek fell into madness, and he looked up to the sky and shouted: "Shou Shihou, the soul returns." Subsequently, he gave a general's gift, buried Zhang Huizan, and set up a luxurious tomb in the middle of Yuelu Mountain. On the front of the bluestone tablet in front of the tomb, Chiang Kai-shek is engraved with the inscription "The soul returns".
Subsequently, Chiang Kai-shek immediately arranged a second counter-encirclement and suppression, and at the same time wantonly captured the Communists throughout the country. More than 100 Communist Party members imprisoned in Nanchang Prison were stunned by electric shocks and thrown into sacks and thrown into the Ganjiang River.
Many years later, Zhu De recalled the past and was still very sad, he said: "Zhang Huizan should not be killed, not only can solve many difficulties in the base area, but he can also be used as a hostage in exchange for many comrades in prison." ”
Therefore, Mao Zedong also learned a lesson in this matter. When he read the "Chronicles of the Three Kingdoms", he was extremely contemptuous of Liu Biao's indiscriminate killing of prisoners. He commented: "Killing is ominous, and Mengde does not do it."
Since then, in the previous anti-encirclement and suppression, the Long March, the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression and the War of Liberation, Mao Zedong has constantly emphasized our army's prisoner policy, institutionalized "no abuse of prisoners", "no gun surrender and no killing", "no beating, scolding, and no search for purses", and included them in the famous "Three Disciplines, Eight Attentions". For high-ranking Kuomintang generals, our army can only execute them in rare cases.
In December 2005, Zhang Huizan's daughter, Ms. Zhang Yuanyi, wrote a letter to the Hunan Provincial Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC), hoping for her father's purpose. After discussion, the city of Changsha decided to restore the tomb. During the renovation process, the staff made full use of the preserved raw materials in accordance with the requirements of the Municipal Cultural Relics Bureau to restore the original appearance, numbered all the remaining stones one by one, and returned them to their original positions.