After the defeat of the Great Revolution, the center of gravity of the Chinese revolution gradually shifted to the countryside, and a number of Soviet districts were established successively. In order to strengthen political leadership over the Soviet districts, the Third Plenary Session of the Sixth CPC Central Committee decided to establish the Central Bureau of the Party in the National Soviet Districts.
On January 15, 1931, the Central Bureau of the Soviet District was announced in Ningdu, Jiangxi, with Xiang Ying, Mao Zedong, Zhu De, Ren Bishi, Zeng Shan and others as members, and Zhou Enlai as secretary.
However, at that time, Zhou Enlai was busy working in the Central Committee in Shanghai, and the post of secretary was deputized by Xiang Ying, a member of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee who had arrived in the Jiangxi Soviet District earlier.
After the establishment of the Central Bureau of the Soviet District, the General Front Committee of the Red Front Army, which had Mao Zedong as its secretary, was abolished.
In February, the Provisional Central Committee in Shanghai proposed to send Wang Jiaxiang to the Central Bureau of the Soviet District to take charge of propaganda work, and then sent Gu Zuolin to serve as secretary of the Young Communist Party. At this time, the "Futian Incident" occurred in the southwestern Jiangxi Soviet region due to the expansion of the "suppression of rebellion".
In September 1930, Mao Zedong and the General Front Committee withdrew from Changsha and returned to Jiangxi after leading the Red Army to "fight Changsha twice" and suffered a setback. On October 2, the 1st Red Army entered Ji'an. At midnight on the 4th, the "Jiuda Ji'an" victory was achieved.
After the Red Army conquered Ji'an, when collecting enemy documents, it found a receipt written by the father of Li Wenlin, secretary of the Jiangxi Provincial Executive Committee, to the landlord and gentry, and some people suspected that Li Wenlin might be the "leader of the AB regiment."
The "AB Regiment" was an anti-communist organization planned and established by Chen Guofu at the end of 1926 in Nanchang, the headquarters of the Northern Expeditionary Army. The name "AB Regiment" means anti-Bolshevik in English.
After the establishment of the "AB Regiment", it usurped the party and government power of the Kuomintang in Jiangxi Province, but it was destroyed in one fell swoop in only three months. However, the Jiangxi Provincial Party Committee at that time, in accordance with the instructions of the Central Committee to "clean up the party" and "suppress the rebellion", demanded that the influence of the "AB regiment" be eliminated.
On the eve of the first anti-"encirclement and suppression" campaign, Mao Zedong, Zhu De, and others were fully engaged in the preparations for the anti-"encirclement and suppression" campaign, and had no time to take care of the "suppression of the rebellion." Therefore, the Anti-Rebellion Committee of the General Political Department of the Red Army was set up with full authority to accept it.
In less than a month, among the 40,000 members of the Red Front Army, "dozens of commanders were killed, and a total of more than 4,000 AB regiments were found," and Li Wenlin, secretary of the Jiangxi Provincial Executive Committee, was arrested.
On December 3, 1929, Li Shaojiu, director of the Anti-Rebellion Committee, led a company of the Red Twelfth Army from Huangpi, Ningdu, and arrived at Futian, the garrison of the Jiangxi Provincial Party Committee, on the 7th, and immediately surrounded the Provincial Executive Committee. More than 120 members of the "AB Group" were arrested, and interrogation and confessions were used, and many of them were tortured into confessions.
Since someone confessed that Liu Di, the political commissar of the 174th Regiment of the Red 20th Army, was the "leader of the AB Regiment," Liu Di led the first battalion from the front line to surround the military headquarters of the 20th Army and arrest Li Shaojiu on the morning of the 12th. In the afternoon, he led his troops to Futian, surrounded the provincial party committee station with arms, and released nearly 100 prisoners of the "AB Regiment." This was the "Tomita Incident" that shocked the Soviet region.
The Politburo decided to send a delegation to the Central Committee for a "comprehensive settlement." On March 4, a "central delegation" composed of Ren Bishi, Wang Jiaxiang, and Gu Zuolin went to the Soviet area.
On April 17, the Central Delegation made a resolution characterizing the Tomita Incident as a "counter-revolutionary uprising" led by the "AB Regiment." Subsequently, almost all of the Red 20th Army, from commander Xiao Dapeng to more than 200 officers above the deputy platoon level, were killed. There were more than 2,000 remaining in the Red Twentieth Army, which were scattered and incorporated into the Red Seventh Army.
Soon after, the Central Committee dismissed Xiang Ying from the post of acting secretary of the Central Bureau of the Soviet District, and Mao Zedong took the post instead. At the same time, the Central Bureau of the Soviet District merged with the "Central Delegation" into one.