The war in the Central Plains between Chiang Kai-shek and the warlords of Feng Yuxiang and Yan Xishan factions objectively created a favorable opportunity for the development of the revolution, and more than 10 revolutionary base areas were established in various parts of the country, including Jinggangshan, Hunan, Hubei, Jiangxi, Hubei, Henan, Anhui, Honghu, Hunan, Hunan, Jiangxi, Fujian, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Guangxi, Youjiang and Zuojiang. Therefore, as soon as the Central Plains War ended, Chiang Kai-shek began to launch a large-scale military "encirclement and suppression" against the revolutionary base areas.
On October 1, 1930, Chiang Kai-shek appointed Jiangxi Provincial Chairman Lu Diping as commander-in-chief, Hunan Provincial Government Chairman He Jian as deputy commander-in-chief, and 18th Division Commander Zhang Huizan as front-line commander-in-chief, mobilizing about 100,000 troops in 8 divisions to launch a large-scale "encirclement and suppression" against the Red Army and the Jiangxi Soviet District.
On December 5, Chiang Kai-shek personally took a warship from Nanjing to Jiujiang to command the "suppression of the Communists" and ordered the "suppression of the Red Army" by three months and at most May. Moreover, Chiang Kai-shek did not hesitate to offer a reward of 50,000 Guangyang for the arrest of Zhu De, Mao Zedong, Peng Dehuai, Huang Gongluo, etc.
At this time, Chiang Kai-shek had already subdued Tang Shengzhi, who had 200,000 troops, crushed Li Zongren and Bai Chongxi, who had 300,000 troops, Zhang Xueliang, who had nearly 400,000 troops, and had just defeated Feng Yuxiang and Yan Xishan, who had more than 700,000 troops, and did not take the 30,000 Red Army in southern Jiangxi seriously at all. He only went to Jiangxi for a hasty turn, and after a trip to Lushan, he returned to Nanjing to wait for the news of victory.
Unexpectedly, what was waiting was the head of Zhang Huizan, the commander of the 18th Division of the main force of "encirclement and suppression" drifting down the Ganjiang River, and a grief-stricken telegram from the commander-in-chief Lu Diping: "In the battle of Longgang, the 18th Division will not return. ”
After the Red Army captured Ji'an on 4 October, morale was high and its military might was greatly boosted. On 21 July, after learning that the enemy had attacked from all sides, forming a trend of "encirclement and suppression" against the Red Army, the General Front Committee and the Jiangxi Provincial Party Committee held many discussions on the strategic policy of opposing "encirclement and suppression."
During the discussions, some people proposed to attack Nanchang and Jiujiang in accordance with the spirit of the instructions of the central authorities in August, so as to force the enemy to abandon the "encirclement and suppression" plan. Mao Zedong believed that in the face of a strong enemy, the enemy should be led to the Soviet base area to close the door and beat the dog.
The meeting adopted Mao Zedong's operational policy of "luring the enemy into depth." On the eve of the war, in order to boost morale, the General Front Committee of the Red Army held a swearing-in meeting on 24 December. On both sides of the venue were eye-catching couplets written by Mao Zedong:
The enemy advances and we retreat, the enemy is stationed and disturbs us, the enemy is tired and I fight, the enemy retreats and I pursue, and the odds of victory in guerrilla warfare are exercised;
Advance and retreat in great strides, lure the enemy deep, concentrate forces, break through each one, and annihilate the enemy in a mobile war.
On November 5, three columns of the enemy army, under the order of Lu Diping's general attack, advanced to Qingjiang, where the Red Army was stationed. The Red Army confused the enemy with a small number of forces, and the main forces were secretly hidden.
On December 24, when the enemy's central route army rashly advanced, Mao Zedong seized the opportunity and commanded the main force of the Red Army to turn into a counteroffensive, and the division commander Zhang Huizan and more than 9,000 people were captured, completely smashing the Kuomintang's first "encirclement and suppression" of the central Soviet area.
Hearing the good news, Mao Zedong created "The Fisherman's Proud · Against the First Great "Encirclement and Suppression"" on horseback:
Ten thousand trees are red,
The Heavenly Soldiers were furious.
The fog is full of Longgang and a thousand mountains are dark,
Calling in unison,
caught Zhang Huizan in front.
200,000 troops re-entered Jiangxi,
Wind and smoke are billowing in the middle of the day.
Arouse millions of workers and peasants,
concentric dry,
No, the red flag under the mountain is chaotic.
However, not long after the victory of the first anti-"encirclement and suppression" campaign, the central authorities sent Xiang Ying to the Soviet area, abolished the General Front Committee of the Red Army with Mao Zedong as secretary, and established the Central Revolutionary Military Committee at the same time, with Xiang Ying as chairman, Zhu De as vice chairman, and Mao Zedong only as director of the General Political Department.
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Lu Diping, whose name is Yong'an, was born in 1887 in Ningxiang, Hunan. His aunt is Liu Shaoqi's mother.
At the age of 22, he was admitted to the Hunan Bingmu School. In 1928, with the support of the Gui family, he became the chairman of Hunan Province.
In order to weaken the Gui faction, Chiang Kai-shek wooed Lu Diping, causing a conflict with the Gui faction. Eventually, the Gui family lost trust in Lu Diping and expelled him from Hunan. In 1930, he was appointed chairman of Jiangxi Province by Chiang Kai-shek.
Due to the defeat of the Communist Party, he was transferred to the chairman of Zhejiang Province. In 1934, Shi Liangcai, the president of the "Declaration", was shot on his way back to Shanghai from Hangzhou and unfortunately died. Lu Diping was appointed to preside over the investigation of the case.
However, the Nationalist Government soon dismissed him from his post as chairman of Zhejiang Province for "ineffective handling of cases" and transferred him to Nanjing to take up the post of vice president of the Military Senate. Soon after taking office, he suddenly died of illness, and his concubine also committed suicide by jumping off the building.