For many years, the incidence of myopia in the mainland has remained high. Recently, according to United States CNN, the latest research results show that the global rate of childhood myopia has increased significantly in the past 30 years, and the proportion of children with myopia has surged from 24% in 1990 to 36% last year. By 2050, the proportion of myopia in children is likely to continue to rise to nearly 40%.
The global rate of myopia in children is high01
The study found that the rate of myopia in children varies greatly in different regions, with East Asian countries having the highest rate of myopia among children, more than twice that of white children. Among them, Japan has the highest myopia rate in the world, reaching 86%; Korea followed with 74%. In addition, the rate of myopia in urban children is higher than in rural areas, and the rate of myopia in girls is slightly higher than that in boys.
The myopia rate in the mainland is also not optimistic. According to the White Paper on Eye Health in China released by the National Health Commission, the overall incidence of myopia in children and adolescents in mainland China is 53.6%, and the overall incidence rate of college students exceeds 90%.
There are many ways to classify myopia, which can be divided into four stages according to the prevention and control strategies at the public health level. Pre-myopia: refers to the fact that the child's hyperopia reserve has been lower than the lower limit of the normal age range after the cycloplegic refraction examination, that is, the hyperopia reserve is insufficient; Myopia development: refers to the stage when myopia progresses more than 50 degrees per year, but has not yet developed into high myopia. Pathological myopia stage: pathological myopia stage occurs when the myopia degree exceeds 600 degrees or the axial length ≥ 26.00 mm; pathological myopia stage: with the growth of the eye axis, the fundus appears with the characteristic high myopia fundus lesions such as posterior scleral staphyloma, chorioretinal atrophy, retinal detachment, macular hole, lacquer crack, macular hemorrhage, choroidal neovascularization, etc., which is the pathological myopia stage.
Outdoor activities to prevent myopia 02
In the study mentioned at the beginning of the article, researchers said that parents should care about their children's eye hygiene and help their children develop good eye habits. Students should strengthen physical exercise and outdoor activities, watch less TV, play less games, and use the Internet less. At the same time, the education sector should also take action to reduce the burden on students.
A study by He Mingguang et al. from Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University found that 40 minutes of outdoor activity every day can help children prevent myopia. The reason why the incidence of myopia is increasing nowadays is, in the final analysis, whether it is reading books or electronic products, it is mainly due to the two factors of "long time and close distance". Therefore, regular outdoor exercise can help children protect their eyesight.
Wang Ningli, director of the Eye Center of Beijing Tongren Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical University, also said that outdoor activities are one of the effective measures for the prevention and control of myopia, and the time spent outdoors is negatively correlated with the incidence and progression of myopia. Large-sample multicenter clinical trials have confirmed that 2 hours of outdoor activity per day or 10 hours per week can effectively reduce the incidence of myopia. Therefore, it is necessary to advocate teenagers to actively engage in outdoor activities, soak up the sun, and prevent myopia.
It is important to reduce the use of eyes at close range for long periods of time03
Child eye protection can follow the "20-20-20 rule". Wei Wenbin, chief physician of Beijing Tongren Hospital, once introduced that this rule is to fix the gaze to 20 feet, that is, 6 meters away, after 20 minutes of close attention, and at least 20 seconds. Reducing prolonged near eye use is the key to preventing myopia from occurring.
In addition, it is necessary to maintain good lighting and lighting. Do not read in too strong or too weak light, and the indoor lighting 40 watt fluorescent lamp should be 1.4 meters away from the desktop. If you are using a mobile phone or tablet, you should reduce the brightness of the screen appropriately.
Get enough sleep and eat a balanced diet. Adequate sleep is the best way to relieve visual fatigue, and the diet should pay attention to nutritional balance and avoid high-sugar diets. Excessively high blood sugar can affect the toughness of the eyeball.
It is important to note that pseudomyopia is caused by the spasm of the ciliary muscles caused by the child's prolonged close use of the eyes. Pupil dilation is routinely performed before refraction examinations in children and adolescents, and after pupil dilation, ciliary muscle spasm can be relieved, and pseudomyopia will disappear naturally. After the appearance of pseudomyopia, it is necessary to adjust the living habits in time and reduce the use of electronic products, otherwise in the long run, pseudomyopia will also turn into true myopia.
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