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Carotid plaque is a common vascular lesion that can lead to severe cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. It is usually caused by atherosclerosis and is formed by the buildup of lipids, calcifications, and fibrous tissue under the arterial lining.
Ultrasonography is an important tool for detecting carotid plaques, but proper interpretation of the report is critical to assess risk.
Aunt Li is 62 years old and was a primary school teacher before she retired. She has always maintained good living habits and walks with her wife every morning. Recently, however, she has started to feel lightheaded, and sometimes has brief blurred vision. Worried that this might be a precursor to some serious illness, Aunt Li decided to go to the hospital for a comprehensive examination.
At the hospital, Auntie Li met Dr. Zhang, an experienced cardiovascular specialist. Dr. Zhang carefully inquired about Aunt Li's symptoms and past medical history, and recommended that she have an ultrasound of the blood vessels in her neck.
After the results of the examination came out, Dr. Zhang carefully reviewed the report and said to Aunt Li, "Aunt Li, your carotid ultrasound showed plaque formation. But don't worry too much, let's take a closer look at the report. ”
Aunt Li asked nervously, "Doctor Zhang, is this plaque very dangerous?" Will my life be in danger? ”
Dr. Zhang comforted: "Don't worry, let's analyze it together." The degree of risk of carotid plaque depends mainly on three factors: the size, nature, and location of the plaque. ”
"Looking at the size first, your report shows that the plaque thickness is 2.1 mm. In general, plaques less than 2 mm thick have a lower risk, between 2 and 4 mm are at moderate risk, and more than 4 mm are at higher risk. Your plaques are at the lower end of the moderate risk range. ”
Aunt Li breathed a sigh of relief and asked, "What about the nature?" What does it mean when it says it says it's mixed plaque? ”
Dr Teo explains, "The nature of plaques can be classified as lipid, fibrous and calcified. Mixed plaques are all of these ingredients. Lipid plaques are the most unstable and easily rupture leading to thrombosis; Fibrous and calcified properties are relatively stable. Your risk of mixed plaques is moderate. ”
"As for the location, the report shows that your plaque is located at the bifurcation of the carotid artery. This location is indeed more common, but it is also relatively sensitive. The hemodynamic changes at the bifurcation are greater, and plaques are more likely to form and develop here. ”
After listening to this, Aunt Li said worriedly: "It sounds like my situation is quite serious. Dr. Zhang, what should I do? ”
Dr. Zhang smiled and said, "Aunt Li, you don't have to worry too much. Although plaques are found on examination, timely detection can lead to timely intervention. We also need to develop a personalized treatment plan based on your other test results and physical condition. ”
"I see that your blood pressure and blood lipids are well controlled, which is a good foundation. Next, I recommend that you further improve your lifestyle: stick to moderate exercise, control your diet, quit smoking and limit alcohol, and keep yourself in a good mood. These can help stabilize the plaque and prevent it from growing or rupturing any further. ”
Aunt Li nodded and asked again, "Then do I still need to take medicine?" ”
Dr. Teo replied, "Based on your current condition, I would recommend that you take some antiplatelet medications such as aspirin. These drugs can reduce the risk of blood clots. We also keep a close eye on your blood lipid levels and use statins to control them if necessary. ”
"It's also important to have regular check-ups. It is recommended that you have a carotid ultrasound every 6 months to 1 year to monitor the plaque for changes. If you experience any discomfort, such as dizziness, abnormal vision, numbness in the limbs, etc., seek medical attention immediately. ”
Aunt Li felt a lot more relieved after hearing this, and she said gratefully, "Thank you, Dr. Zhang, I will strictly follow your advice." ”
Dr. Zhang encouraged, "Aunt Li, your attitude is very good. In fact, the formation of carotid plaque is a slow process, and timely detection and measures can effectively control the risk. ”
"I want to share with you a real case. Last year I met a 68-year-old patient who had a bit of a larger carotid plaque than yours. With active lifestyle interventions and medications, a follow-up examination after one year found that the plaque had not only not enlarged, but had shrunk slightly. This shows that as long as we respond positively, we can effectively control or even reverse the development of plaque. ”
Aunt Li was deeply encouraged by this, and she asked curiously, "Dr. Zhang, can you elaborate on how we can prevent carotid plaque?" ”
Dr. Zhang patiently explains, "The key to preventing carotid plaque is to control risk factors. High blood pressure, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, smoking, obesity, and physical inactivity are all major risk factors. ”
"In terms of diet, it is recommended that you eat more vegetables and fruits, and choose foods rich in dietary fiber and unsaturated fatty acids such as whole grains, legumes, and fish. Limit your intake of high-fat, high-cholesterol foods. ”
"In terms of exercise, do at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise per week, such as brisk walking, swimming, cycling, etc. Exercise improves blood circulation, strengthens the heart and lungs, and is helpful in preventing and controlling plaque. ”
"It's also important to be in a good state of mind. Long-term negative emotions such as anxiety and depression can increase the risk of cardiovascular disease. You can relax by listening to music, reading books, practicing tai chi, and more. ”
Aunt Li carefully wrote down these suggestions, and she sighed: "It turns out that it takes so much effort to protect the health of blood vessels. ”
Dr. Zhang smiled and said, "Yes, Aunt Li. Health is a way of life that requires us to stick to it consistently. The discovery of carotid plaque is not the end, but the starting point for us to start a healthier life. ”
"Remember, you're not alone. My team and I are here to help. If you have any questions or discomfort, feel free to come to me. Let us work together to maintain an optimistic and positive attitude, and believe that through scientific methods, we will be able to effectively control the disease and enjoy a healthy and happy life in old age. ”
Aunt Li said movingly, "Thank you, Dr. Zhang. Your words give me confidence in the future. I'll definitely take good care of myself. ”
Dr. Zhang said gently, "That's right, Aunt Li. Remember, health is the most valuable asset. Let us work together to protect your health with a scientific attitude and positive actions. ”
With Dr. Zhang's encouragement, Auntie Li walked out of the consultation room with a confident smile on her face. She deeply understands that while carotid plaque poses challenges, she is fully capable of taking charge of her health and preparing for a bright future with the right lifestyle and active medical intervention.
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