<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="3" > Author: Ivory Mountain Boys</h1>
After the Red Army withdrew from the Zhaojin base area, it switched to fighting in the Heshui and Qingyang areas. Since the troops had no rear combat, their lives were difficult, and the number of wounded and sick increased, the problems of rebuilding the base areas and the sustainable development of the Red Army were put on the agenda at this time.
On November 3, 1933, the General Headquarters of the Shaanxi-Gansu-Gansu Red Army led the Red 4th Regiment, the Yaoxian Guerrilla Brigade, and the Northwest People's Anti-Japanese Volunteer Army Brigade to Baojiazhai in Heshui County. The Shaanxi-Gansu Border Special Committee of the CPC and the Provisional General Headquarters of the Shaanxi-Gansu-Gansu Border Red Army held a joint meeting in Baojiazhai, Heshui County, Gansu Province, to discuss major issues such as the reorganization of the Red Army, the construction of base areas, and the Red Army's course of action.
The meeting finally made a decision: Abolish the General Headquarters of the Red Army, reorganize its subordinate units into the 42nd Division of the Red 26th Army; create a Shaanxi-Gansu-Bian base area centered on Southern Liang; adopt Liu Zhidan's suggestion to establish a three-way guerrilla unit, open up three base areas in northern Shaanxi, Longdong, and Guanzhong, expand the red army's room for maneuver, and strengthen mutual support among various guerrilla units and guerrilla areas.
On November 7, the Red 42nd Division was established at lotus temple in Heshui County. The division has jurisdiction over the 3rd Regiment and the Cavalry Regiment, the 3rd Regiment is composed of the Northwest People's Anti-Japanese Volunteer Army Brigade, the Yaoxian Guerrilla Brigade and the Young Pioneers of the Red 4th Regiment, with jurisdiction over 3 companies, and the Cavalry Regiment is composed of the Red 4th Regiment, with jurisdiction over 2 companies. Wang Taiji served as the division commander, Gao Gang as the political commissar, Liu Zhidan as the chief of staff, and Huang Ziwen as the director of the political department. The division headquarters consists of a headquarters, a political department and a supply agency and a guard company. There are more than 500 people in the division. The establishment of the Red 42nd Division marked that the Red Army in Shaanxi-Gansu-Gansu Border had made great progress in army building, and the establishment of the cavalry regiment had greatly improved the mobility of the troops.
Wang Taiji, a native of Lintong, Shaanxi, born in 1906, was admitted to the first phase of the Whampoa Military Academy in May 1924 and joined the Communist Party of China in the same year. In the winter of the same year, he was sent to the Nationalist 2nd Army as a platoon commander. In 1926, he was transferred to the Shaanxi Army as a battalion commander and engaged in military movement work. In 1928, he led a battalion uprising, which failed. He participated in leading the Weihua Uprising and was appointed chief of staff of the Northwest Workers' and Peasants' Revolutionary Army in 1930. After the failure of the Weihua Uprising, he engaged in revolutionary work in Henan, unfortunately was arrested, lost contact with the party and was released from prison on bail by Yang Hucheng, and served in YangBu in 1931 as the director of the Recruit Training Department of the Xi'an "Appeasement" Office and the head of the cavalry regiment.
In 1933, he led the uprising, established the Northwest People's Anti-Japanese Volunteer Army, served as the commander-in-chief, and restored the party organization relationship and led the rest into the Zhaojin Revolutionary Base Area. In August, he was appointed commander-in-chief of the Provisional General Headquarters of the Shaanxi-Gansu-Gansu Border Guerrillas of the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army. In November, he was appointed commander of the 42nd Division of the Red 26th Army.
In January 1934, he was sent to the Henan-Shaanxi border to engage in military transportation work, and was arrested while passing through Chunhua, Shaanxi. He was awe-inspiring in his righteousness, and regarded death as a return, and before he was righteous, he left a desperate word: "Cover the door for the silence of the country, and no one will see it." Learn the Zen meditation of the Bald Buddha, like the Sleeping Buddha mantra, and throw Kong Meng aside. Rausch scared the hero's guts, and we never said anything about the day. This head is at your disposal, this flesh is at your disposal, and everything is natural. In March 1934, he bravely rebelled in Xi'an at the age of 28.
According to the deployment of the Baojiazhai Conference, the Red 42nd Division marched south to annihilate 1 company of the Kuomintang army at Yangjiadian in Yijun County, and then entered the Southern Liang area to divide the troops. The Nanliang area is located on the border of Shaanxi and Gansu Provinces, with undulating mountains, lush forests, good terrain conditions, and great room for maneuver, two or three hundred miles away from the town stronghold where the Kuomintang was heavily garrisoned, and bordering the Zhaojin base area in the south. Most of the enemies in this region are landlord-armed forces, the Kuomintang ruling force is relatively weak, and although the local population is small, it is heavily oppressed by feudalism, and has strong revolutionary demands and a relatively good mass base.
In order to complete the plan to create a revolutionary base area in Southern Liang, the Red 42nd Division actively swept away the vigilante groups. The Red 42nd Division led the 3rd Regiment to attack Ganquan, Weike: defeated 1 battalion of the Nationalist army at the Grape Valley Gate in Luohe River; the cavalry regiment moved northwest to eliminate the militia groups in Xinbao and Erjiangchuan, and annihilated 2 new companies of the Nationalist army at Liyuan Fort and Yanjiawazi. Later, the whole division met at the Second General River, eliminating some of the local reactionary forces and laying the initial foundation for the establishment of a base area around Southern Liang.
In order to lay a solid foundation for the base areas, the Shaanxi-Gansu-Gansu Border Special Committee and the Red 42nd DivisionAl Committee of the CPC shifted the focus of their work to mobilizing the masses. The troops, with companies as units, went to Pingzhengchuan, Taibaichuan, Baimamiaochuan, Erjiangchuan, and other places to mobilize the masses to fight local tycoons. Soon, peasant federations were organized in the rural areas, including employees' trade unions, peasant associations, women's federations, etc., and the development of mass armed forces, and the establishment of 5 Red Guard brigades, a total of about 1,000 people. In January 1934, the Shaanxi-Gansu-Border Revolutionary Committee was established.
After arduous struggle, the Red 42nd Division initially created a new base area in Shaanxi-Gansu-Bian centered on The Southern Liang, north to Heishui Slope, south to Lotus Temple, west to Laoye Ridge, and east to the Pingzheng River, which stretched for more than 100 miles. The creation of the new base area in Shaanxi-Gansu-Bian has created favorable conditions for smashing the enemy's "encirclement and suppression" in the future.
Under the leadership of the Shaanxi-Gansu Border Special Committee and the Red 42nd Division, the guerrillas developed rapidly. As the 1st Detachment of the 1st Road Guerrilla Group in Northern Shaanxi, it actively carried out guerrilla activities in the Anding area. The 2nd Guerrilla Group, with Yang Qi as its commander-in-chief, had jurisdiction over the Heshui, Qingyang, Bao'an, and Ansai guerrilla groups, centered on Nanliang, actively carried out guerrilla warfare, successively eliminating or attacking the vigilante groups in Donghuachi, Lingjingmiao, Lijiapo, Xinbao, yanjiawazi, and other places, and expanding the base area. The 3rd Route guerrillas, which operated in the areas of Zhengning, Liyi, Chunhua, and Yaoxian, won victories in the battles of Chaichangzi and Taoyuan, and eliminated a part of the militia regiment. Guerrilla forces in various localities also developed rapidly, and the growth of guerrilla forces and the victory of combat greatly supported the combat operations of the main Red Army.
The restoration of the Red 26th Army and the creation of the Shaanxi-Gansu-Bian Revolutionary Base Area posed a great threat to the Kuomintang authorities, and the Kuomintang regime in Gansu said in its government announcement: "Liu Zhidan shares, self-reliant, harassed to the extreme. In December 1933, the Kuomintang Xi'an "Appeasement" Office mobilized 4 battalions and militia groups of the regular army, a total of more than 5,000 people, and launched an attack on the Southern Liang base area in 9 units. Unwilling to accept defeat, the Nationalist army immediately launched a larger offensive.
In February 1934, the Kuomintang Xi'an "Appeasement" Office mobilized more than 10,000 troops to launch the first "encirclement and suppression" of the Shaanxi-Gansu-Border Base Area. Its deployment was: the 5th and 6th Regiments of the 2nd Garrison Brigade stationed in Longdong, the militia regiments of Heshui and Qingyang counties, the 2nd and 3rd Regiments of the Shaanxi Garrison Cavalry Brigade stationed in Jingbian, Dingbian, and Anbian, the 1st Regiment of the 42nd Division stationed in Xiexian (present-day FuXian County), and the 1st Regiment of the 86th Division stationed in Yan'an, attacked Nanliang by separate routes in an attempt to destroy the Red 26th Army and destroy the Shaanxi-Gansu border base area.
On the basis of the above situation, Liu Zhidan, commander of the Red 42nd Division, and Yang Sen, political commissar, decided to use the 3rd Road guerrillas to harass and contain the enemy on the southern front, and the Red 42nd Division and the 2nd Road guerrilla group turned to the outer line and sought an opportunity to attack the 2nd Regiment of the Garrison Cavalry Brigade and the militia regiments of Qingyang, Heshui and other counties to break the enemy's "encirclement and suppression". Subsequently, after the battles of Lin Jiaping, Yayao, Gaoqiao, Yuanchengzi, li jialiang, etc., about 4 companies and one militia regiment of the Cavalry Brigade of the Kuomintang Army were annihilated.
After the Red Army's eastward advance was victorious, it turned north from Southern Liang and pretended to attack Heshui County, posing as if it wanted to attack Heshui County, with the aim of dispatching the 5th Regiment of the 2nd Brigade of the Longdong Garrison, the enemy stationed in Qingyang, to take advantage of the false attack and occupy Qingyang. On April 10, the Red Army approached Heshui City. After Qingyang defended the enemy's news, he did send 2 battalions and 1 machine gun company to reinforcements. On April 11, the enemy rushed to Heshui and found that the Red Army had withdrawn from the siege and had reached Xihuachi. The arrogant enemy followed in pursuit, trying to destroy the Red Army. The Red Army found enemy information outside the town of Xihuachi.
Liu Zhidan quickly gathered his troops and deployed the 3rd Regiment to block the enemy head-on, the cavalry regiment to go around the enemy's back and attack, and the 2nd Road guerrilla group blocked from the east ditch. The Kuomintang troops charged into the town, and after receiving heavy blows, they began to attack in a combat formation. The cavalry regiment took the opportunity to detour behind the enemy and rushed down the enemy's command post and machine gun position. The enemy is in disarray. The Red Army's infantry and horses cooperated, and the enemy was unable to resist and had to surrender. After more than an hour of fierce fighting, the Red 42nd Division annihilated 2 battalions and another company of the Kuomintang army, killed and captured more than 700 enemy soldiers, surrendered more than 500 guns, 2 mortars, 2 heavy machine guns, and more than 50 war horses. The great victory of Xihuachi dealt a heavy blow to the enemy, and the combat effectiveness of the Red Army was greatly strengthened.
While fighting the main external line of the Red Army, the 2nd Guerrillas and the Red Guards covered the masses and turned into forest concealment. The Kuomintang army invaded the southern Liang area, burned and plundered everywhere, and suffered serious losses in the base area. The active activities of the red army guerrillas, especially the victory of the main Red Army on the outer front, threatened the enemy's rear, and the Kuomintang army withdrew in a hurry. Under the leadership of the CPC Shaanxi-Gansu-Border Special Committee, the military and civilians of the Southern Liang base area immediately carried out the work of restoring and developing the base areas. The Nationalist army strongholds in the 200-mile area centered on Southern Liang were successively uprooted, the armor protection system was destroyed, and a revolutionary regime was extensively established.
After the Red 42nd Division won the battle of Xihuachi, the Kuomintang troops from the counties near Shaanxi and Gansu gathered to pursue it. The Red 42nd Division Committee analyzed the specific situation and decided to go south to cooperate with the 3rd Road guerrillas to attack the enemy on the southern front. Subsequently, they successively captured Liangjiayuan and Huangbaozhai in Tongguan (present-day Tongchuan). On May 10, the Red 42nd Division attacked 2 companies of the Shaanxi guerrilla detachment of the Kuomintang army passing through Sanliyuan in Chunhua, completely annihilating the enemy army, and surrendering more than 180 guns and a batch of military supplies. At the same time, the Heshui guerrillas took advantage of the false attack and occupied the county seat of Heshui.
At this time, the Red Army learned from the enemy documents obtained by Sanliyuan that the Kuomintang army was ready to adjust its deployment and "encircle and suppress" the Red 42nd Division with the strength of 8 regiments. In view of the relatively large number of enemy troops and the fact that the terrain of the southern front was not conducive to the Red Army's anti-"encirclement and suppression" operations, it was decided to return from the Zhaojin area north to the Southern Liangsu District, and to prepare to rely on the favorable mass conditions and terrain conditions in the Soviet area, waiting for the opportunity to break through the enemy's Red 42nd Division, in the process of transfer, on May 15 in Zhengning, Gansu Province, it was attacked by the cavalry regiment of the Longdong Garrison Headquarters, suffering some losses in personnel and materials, and then the Red Army returned to the Southern Liang base area. On May 28, the Shaanxi-Gansu-Gansu Special Committee of the CPC and the Red 42nd Division held a meeting at Liyuan Fort and decided that Liu Zhidan would become chairman of the Military Commission of the Shaanxi-Gansu-Gansu-Border Special Committee of the CPC, Yang Sen, political commissar of the division, would be the commander of the division, and Gao Gang would be the political commissar.
On June 20, the 3rd Regiment of the Red 42nd Division and the 2nd Road Guerrilla Group dealt a heavy blow to the attacking 1 battalion of the Nationalist 86th Division at the security, annihilating more than 100 of its men and returning to the security. At the same time, the guerrillas actively carried out activities: the Heshui guerrillas annihilated a part of the Kuomintang cavalry in the northeast of Ning County, and then inflicted heavy casualties on the infantry and cavalry of the Kuomintang army who came to attack by ambushing at the ancient city of Gaotai; the 3rd Guerrilla Group intercepted a part of the enemy's car with the cooperation of the Red Army; and the security guerrillas carried out a series of battles against Wuqizhen, Songjiawu, Shijia, Jindingshan, Liujiapu, shuangmiao, and other strongholds. After the Red 42nd Division returned to Southern Liang, the enemy forces occupying Southern Liang were forced by the Fierce Offensive of the Red Army and had to withdraw from Southern Liang. At this point, the Red 42nd Division and the guerrillas led by it annihilated more than 3,000 enemy people after more than 30 large and small battles, and successfully crushed the enemy's first "encirclement and suppression."
The victory in the anti-"encirclement and suppression" struggle strengthened the troop building of the Red 42nd Division. In September, in accordance with the instructions of the Shaanxi-Gansu Border Special Committee, the 1st Regiment of the Red 42nd Division was formed on the basis of the 3rd Road Guerrilla Group and other units, and as the core force for persisting in the revolutionary struggle in the southern region, the whole regiment was about 200 people; at the beginning of October, based on the guerrilla units of Qingyang, Bao'an, and Ansai, which belonged to the 2nd Road guerrilla group, the 2nd Regiment of the Red 42nd Division was established, with 3 companies under its jurisdiction, strengthening the strength of the regular Red Army in the Southern Liangsu District, with a total of more than 180 people in the whole regiment; on the 20th, the regiment was active in Huanglong, Shaanxi. The local armed forces along the Huanglong Mountain area at the junction of Baishui and Chengcheng counties revolted under the leadership of Guo Baoshan and were reorganized into the Northwest Anti-Japanese Volunteer Army, with Guo Baoshan as commander and Ren Langhua as political commissar, under the leadership of the Red 42nd Division. After rectification and transformation, the Northwest Anti-Japanese Volunteer Army soon became a Red Army unit with strong combat effectiveness.
On November 7, a congress of deputies was held in the revolutionary base areas of Shaanxi and Gansu, and the Shaanxi-Gansu Border Soviet Government was established, and the Struggle for The Distribution of Land was waged in the Soviet region. The Shaanxi-Gansu-Border Base Areas and the Red Army and guerrillas have been increasingly consolidated and developed under the leadership of the Communist Party of China.
About the author: Ivory Mountain Boy, a history lover of Northeast China, a serious and comic history teacher.
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