Author: Tai Shi Xiaosheng
In order to convey and implement the spirit of the Shanghai Conference of the CPC Central Committee, the headquarters of the Red 5 Army was moved to Liu Renba Village in the relatively remote Guocheng Mountain District of Daye County. On June 6, 1929, an enlarged meeting of the Military Commission of the 5 Red Army was held here. Teng Daiyuan and He Changgong conveyed the spirit of the Shanghai Conference and relevant resolutions, and in accordance with the instructions of the CPC Central Committee and the Central Military Commission, decided to expand the 5th Column of the Red 5th Army and the Red Army in northern Ganbei into the Red 8th Army.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="3" > First, the Central Military Commission decided to attack Wuhan, Peng Dehuai disapproved, and proposed another plan</h1>
Peng Dehuai disapproved of expanding the Red 5 Army and the Red 8 Army into one corps, saying: "At present, the Red 5 Army has less than 8,000 people, but it is only the strength of a division, even if it grows to 30,000 people, there is only one army, and it is not too late to establish a corps with 50,000 people. ”
After Liu Renba's meeting, Peng Dehuai immediately commanded the Red 3rd Army to launch an attack on Daye's lower land, defeating a regiment of Guo Rudong of the Sichuan Army. The next morning, the county seat of Daye was conquered, and a regiment of Guo Rudong's troops was completely annihilated, and more than 30 long and short guns were captured. In the afternoon of the same day, he took advantage of the victory to capture Huangshi Harbor and then defeated a regiment of Guo Bu. When the Red Army entered the lime kiln, the Japanese ships opened fire to bombard the headquarters of the Red 5th Army, and the Red 5th Army returned fire for half an hour and then retreated to Huangshi Harbor. Stay at Yellowstone Harbor for a day and retreat. At the port of Huangshi, the Red Army raised 20,000 silver dollars and a batch of supplies.
On June 15, Peng Dehuai presided over a meeting of the frontline command headquarters in Daye. The meeting seriously studied the instructions of the Yangtze River Office of the Central Military Commission on "helping the rebels in southern Hubei and southeastern Hubei," "cutting off the Wu (Chang) Chang (Sha) (Iron) Road," and attacking Wuhan. Peng Dehuai was not in favor of attacking Wuhan, saying: "Wuhan is defended by five enemy regiments and has strong fortifications. The river is full of imperialist warships, and the Yangtze River is during the period of high water, the South Lake is full, and there is only one levee along the river, and only along the levee can you approach the city wall. ”
Peng Dehuai also said: "Yueyang and Yangxin were stationed with twelve regiments of Qian Dajun and one division of Luo Lin respectively. If our army attacks Wuhan, Qian and Luo will inevitably follow suit. The Red Army had a strong city in front of it, no way back after it, flanked the Yangtze River, and backed by the South Lake, and there was a danger that the entire army would be destroyed. Peng Dehuai added: "This is more dangerous than the breakthrough of Jinggangshan in January 1929 and the attack on Anfu in June 1929." ”
Everyone thinks peng Dehuai is right. However, if the central directives are not implemented, they will not succeed. Therefore, Peng Dehuai put forward a plan, that is, to first eliminate the landlord armed forces in the six counties of Echeng, Puxi, Xianning, Jiayu, Tongcheng, and Tongshan in southeast Hubei, and then attack Yueyang in the west to occupy Yueyang, Hunan, as a preparation for attacking Wuhan. The case was endorsed. The meeting decided that the Red 3Rd Army would continue to attack southwest and carry out offensive operations.
Just at this time, the JiangJiang Office of the Central Military Commission of the CPC Central Committee sent a letter to the Red 5th Army and the Red 8th Army Forward Committee on 10 June, putting forward a demand on the actions of the Red 5th Army and the Red 8th Army, asking the Former Committee to quickly eliminate the reactionary forces in the counties of southeast Hubei and complete the insurrection in southeast Hubei in the shortest possible time under the general task of striving for the first victory in Hubei Province.
The letter from the Yangtze River Office was sent to the Front Committee on June 15, and the content coincided with the decision of the Front Committee, so the Front Committee adopted the plan proposed by Peng Dehuai. The meeting also decided to leave two battalions, led by Ke Qingshi, Chen Qi, Guo Ziming, Li Xishi, Liu Zhenshan, and others, to form the 4th and 5th Columns of the Red 8th Army and persist in the struggle in southeast Hubei.
On June 16, the main force of the Red 3rd Army divided its troops in the Daye area and attacked the six counties in eastern Hubei. The Red 5Th Army takes the left road, and the Red 8th Army takes the right road. It successively captured important cities and towns such as Tieshan, Jinniu, and Echeng, and threatened to attack Wuhan. At this time, Peng Dehuai understood that Yueyang was an empty city, so he commanded his men and horses to advance in the direction of Yueyang. On June 25, the former committee of the Red 3rd Army of the Communist Party of China held a meeting in Tongshan County, and decided to take advantage of the weak strength of the Kuomintang army in Yueyang City to seize the city.
At this meeting, Deng Qianyuan, political commissar of the Red 8 Army, made sharp criticisms of Teng Daiyuan and Yuan Guoping's decision to confiscate a shop, saying that this was an act of opposing the resolutions of the "Six Congresses" and violating the central line. The attendees were inexplicably disturbed by him. It turned out that Deng wanted to use this matter to push down General Political Commissar Teng Daiyuan so that he could take over.
Deng once wrote a letter to Peng Dehuai, in which he asked the former party secretary to consider the nature of the revolution, the target of the crackdown, and who to confiscate economically. When Peng Dehuai received this letter, he felt a little strange, because the resolutions of the "Six Congresses" made clear decisions on these issues. At the end of Liu Renba's meeting, Deng immediately talked to Peng Dehuai and said that Teng could not do this, nor could he be the general political commissar.
Peng Dehuai said that Teng was a comrade with very good ideological qualities, and cited Teng Dai's far-reaching performance in that they were all injured, and said in an affirmative tone that Teng's general political commissar was not suitable for transfer. Now, when Peng Dehuai saw deng Qianyuan and raised the question of Teng Daiyuan, he immediately said: "Teng and Yuan were right to confiscate a shop, which was opened by the anti-communist commander-in-chief of the six counties in southern Hunan; this is called political confiscation, and it does not harm the economic policy of the democratic revolution." After the confiscation was announced, it was handed over to the Tongshan County Soviet to take over, and it was also correct to deal with it in this way. ”
Then, Peng Dehuai said deng Qianyuan's idea of wanting to be the general political commissar: Do you want to be the general political commissar? More than half of those present criticized Deng, and Deng also admitted his mistake, saying that he had this idea as the fault of petty-bourgeois consciousness. Everyone sees that he has made a review, and that is it.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="11" > Second, Peng Dehuai held a military conference to attack Yuezhou and capture field artillery</h1>
On July 1, Peng Dehuai commanded the Red 3rd Army to successively occupy Zhao Li Bridge, Yangloudong and Linxiang County in Puzhi County, as well as the towns of Yanglousi, Chenglingji, and Yunxi, and entered the vicinity of Yuezhou, completing the siege of Yuezhou.
In order to lay siege to Yuezhou, Peng Dehuai held a military conference, at which it was proposed that Yuezhou be laid down and brought to Pingjiang to commemorate the second anniversary of the Pingjiang rebellion.
Yuezhou is in the northeast of Hunan Province, on the south bank of the Yangtze River, bordering Dongting Lake. When Peng Dehuai led the Red 3rd Army to complete the siege of Yuezhou, Wang Dongyuan appealed to He Jian.
On July 3, Peng Dehuai commanded the Red 3rd Army to launch an attack on Yuezhou. The Red 5th Army went from Jin'e Academy (Stone House) to Nanjin Port to intercept the Kuomintang army in Changsha from reinforcing Yuezhou, and the Red 8th Army reached the north gate of Yuezhou from Chenglingji. There was a street at the north gate, and the Red Army soldiers set up machine guns on the roofs of the houses on the street, so that the Kuomintang troops at the north gate did not dare to show their faces.
Under the cover of machine guns, the Red Army commanders and fighters rushed into the city, and then, along the Yueyang Tower, charged towards the lake. After two hours of fighting, Yuezhou was occupied by the Red Army, and the remnants of the defending enemy Wang Dongyuan fled by boat to Junshan under the cover of imperialist warships.
After the Red Army occupied Yuezhou, British, American, and Japanese warships immediately bombarded the city shore. At that time, the Red Army had captured field artillery, but this cannon was only used by Peng Dehuai and a Korean named Wu Ting in the Red Army. Peng Dehuai immediately had his men set up their guns in the concealment, and when the warships were approaching, they returned fire on dozens of cannons, and more than a dozen shells hit the warships; when the soldiers saw that the shells hit the warships, they invariably shouted the slogan of "Down with imperialism."
After the Red 3Rd Army captured Yuezhou, it immediately opened a warehouse to help the poor, released political prisoners, and at the same time made propaganda to the masses, helped the local party to restore and rebuild various organizations, and made contact with the Red Army in western Hunan and Hubei.
On the third day, He Long, commander-in-chief of the Red 2 Corps, and Duan Dechang, commander of the Red 2 Army, sent two small fish paddles to reconnoiter, and after connecting with the Red 3 Corps, Peng Dehuai sent salt and ammunition to the Red 2 Corps.
After the Red 3rd Army entered and occupied Yuezhou, it sent people to burn down the Tingsi Bridge and the Hesheng Bridge, and because there was no explosives, dozens of barrels of foreign oil were poured on the bridge, which were then ignited, and the purpose of destroying the bridge was to stop the Kuomintang reinforcements.
Due to the destruction of the Hesheng Bridge and the Tingsi Bridge, Peng Dehuai concluded that Qian Dajun's three divisions in Wuhan could not leave Wuhan, and with the threat of the Red Army at Honghu Lake and Eyuwan, Qian Bu did not dare to move. Therefore, after occupying Yuezhou for three days, the Red 3rd Army retreated to Pingjiang. The captured field guns could not be taken away, and they had to be blown up. Two of the mountain cannons were transported to Pingjiang – the Red 3Rd Army has since had artillery. Later, these two cannons have been carrying the Long March and thrown to the Xishui River on the side of Sichuan and Guizhou, which is the last word.
After the Red 3rd Army marched east from Chenglingji, the Kuomintang men and horses cautiously entered Yuezhou City.
After Peng Dehuai led the Red 3rd Army to withdraw from Yuezhou on its own initiative, the men and horses drove to the Pingjiang area and captured the county seat of Pingjiang for the third time. At this time, Li Can, the commander of the 8th Army, who went to Shanghai in disguise to treat gunshot wounds, was discovered by the Kuomintang army on the way and killed him. He Changgong was then changed from political commissar of the 8th Army to commander.
At this time, He Jian, with Liu Jianxu as his command, attacked Pingjiang in two ways with three brigades, including the 15th Division of the Dangerous Zhong and the Luo Shujia Brigade of the 19th Division.
After Peng Dehuai and Teng Daiyuan learned of the enemy's situation, they held an emergency meeting on Changshou Street. At the meeting, Peng Dehuai decided to attack Changsha according to the central order and the assessment of the balance of class forces in Changsha. Peng Dehuai said: "In the Battle of the Central Plains, the Gui army in the north was defeated, and now it has withdrawn from Hengyang and Baoqing (present-day Shaoyang), he Jian's main force pursued it south, and Liu Jianxu came to Pingjiang with three brigades of men and horses. Now that Changsha is empty, I should take advantage of this time to fight Changsha. ”
Peng Dehuai also said: "The central authorities want us to attack Wuhan, and the enemy in Wuhan has heavy troops, and with our current strength, it is difficult for Wuhan to go down." ”
< h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="20" > third, Peng Dehuai proposed to attack Changsha at the military conference, and the Xiang army surrendered</h1>
Teng Daiyuan also agreed with Peng Dehuai's opinion. Teng believes that the central government wants the Red 3rd Army to attack Wuhan, Wuhan can not fight, if not to fight Changsha, it is against the central order, and now Changsha empty city, just to attack, the opportunity can not be lost. At the meeting, the participants all supported Peng Dehuai's opinion, but Deng Qianyuan disagreed, believing that attacking Changsha and attacking Wuhan were both adventurism, but in the end, the meeting decided to attack Changsha.
After the emergency meeting, the Front Committee of the Red 3rd Army and the Xiang'e-Ganbian Special Committee decided to establish the Xiang'e-Gansu Border Workers', Peasants' and Soldiers' Military Riot Committee, with Lai Ruqiao as the commander-in-chief, and issued the "Letter to the People of Hunan for realizing the General Uprising in Hunan Province." The Xiang'e-Ganbian Independent Division, the guerrillas and Red Guards of Ping, Liu, Xiu, Tong, Wan, Yi, and Ping counties were asked to gather in Pingjiang to participate in the July 22 commemoration of the second anniversary of the Pingjiang Rebellion and the oath of attack on Changsha.
On July 22, the oath-taking meeting was held on the lawn of Pingjiang Tianyue Academy, and Peng Dehuai, Teng Daiyuan, and Lai Ruqiao made mobilization speeches at the meeting. He called on the army and the people to fight in Changsha, realize the general rebellion in Xiang Province, and establish a workers' and peasants' and soldiers' power. The atmosphere of the meeting was very warm, and the mood of the military and the people was very intense.
At this time, Liu Jianxu of the Xiang Army commanded his two men and horses to enter the first line of the Ongjiang River, Triangle Pond, and Shuangjiangkou, and its second echelon also entered Jinjing, and the third echelon entered Chunhua Mountain.
The echelons were spaced 30 to 40 miles apart and formed a long snake array. Peng Dehuai saw that the Xiang army's troops were scattered, so he decided to concentrate his forces to break through each one. On 24 July, he laid an ambush five miles from the Urn River. The Red 5th Army was on the left flank and the Red 8th Army was on the front and right flanks, forming a bag-shaped position. The Red Army ambushed for a day, but the Xiang army did not move. On 25 July, Peng Dehuai ordered an attack on the Xiang army that had reached Jinkeng.
The vanguard of the Red 8th Army first occupied Shenghangjian and then charged at the enemy in the area of Triangle Pond and Jinkeng. The follow-up troops also quickly occupied the peaks around the holy hanging tip, the roof tile tip and the pot pot tip. The troops of the Red 8th Army fought fiercely with the Xiang Army, behind which was the Urn River, the depth of the river could not be waded in vain, and the officers and men of the Red 8th Army fought with their backs to the water, each brave, and everyone competed for the lead.
At that time, Peng Dehuai led the main force of the Red 5th Army to encircle the Xiang army in a roundabout way, cutting off the retreat of the Xiang army in the area of Yinjiadong, and the two wings attacked, compressing the Xiang army in a narrow ravine from Gujiadong to Yinjiadong. When Da, the commander of the 3rd Column of the Red 8th Army, led his troops to bravely attack the Xiang Army, a regiment of the 15th Division of the Xiang Army, and more than 1,000 people under the capture regiment commander Hou Pengfei, all of whom collapsed.
The Red 3 Legion then took advantage of the victory to pursue. At dawn on July 26, He Changgong commanded the Red 8th Army to depart from Huamen tower, along the Pingjiang River to Changsha Avenue, and attacked from the front of the Xiang Army of Jinjing; the Red 5th Army set off from Genggutai, passed through Sankou Port and Chima Temple, and encircled from the left rear to the southeast side of Jinjing. At that time, the enemy's three multi-brigades and some local door-to-door regiments formed fan-shaped positions at the yangchangchong east of Jinjing, Modouwan and wangjiadong, Jiuxi Temple, and Sanqiutian southeast of Jinjing, and fired fiercely at the Red Army.
The two brigades at the front of the Xiang Army were able to fight, and Peng Dehuai ordered these two brigades to be fought, so the Red 8th Army hit the front, and the Red 5th Army packed up and copied. He Changgong, commander of the Red 8th Army, led his troops to the area of Xia Jiachong, about three miles away from Jinjing, and unfolded a scattered formation to quickly meet the enemy. Wu Zili, commander of the 2nd Brigade of the Red 8th Column, commanded the troops to occupy the hills around Badou Chong and cover the main force.
In order to expand the results of the battle, the 16th Division was added. With fire support, the main force of the Red 8th Army captured the Golden Basin Belt, the Incense Burner Slope and the Badou Chong, and captured the machine gun positions of the Xiang Army. At this time, the main force of the Red 5th Army, which was encircled by the Xiang Army, also occupied the Seven Chong Mountains east of Jinjing, commanding from a commanding position, and controlling the entire position of the Jinjing Xiang Army. Another part of the Red 5th Army advanced to the Fanjia bridge and Gaoqiao line south of Jinjing, cutting off the Xiang army's way back to Changsha.
The Xiang army desperately counterattacked the Red Army, and the commander of the 3rd Column of the Red 8th Army, When Da, led the troops to rush forward, unfortunately was hit by the Xiang Army and died heroically. Determined to avenge the captain of the column, the warriors bravely rushed over three hills and occupied the second echelon position of the Xiang Army. The Xiang army still used fierce machine gun fire to stop the Red Army from advancing. At this time, Qiu Bing, commander of the Xiang'e-Ganbian Independent Division, arrived with three companies, seized the machine gun position of the Xiang Army, and swept the Xiang Army with machine guns, and the Xiang Army scattered and fled.
The Red 8th Army and the Independent Division immediately launched an attack, and together with the Red 5th Army, they crushed the entire defensive line of the Xiang Army's Jinjing, and with a single blow, they pursued the Xiang Army to Chunhua Mountain and crushed the third echelon of the Xiang Army.
At this time, Teng Daiyuan saw He Changgong with a shell gun and said: "The enemy's main force has been crushed by us, but we can take Changsha directly." ”
He Changgong also said excitedly: "Strike at the defeated enemy with one blow, and do not give the enemy a chance to breathe." ”
As a result, the Red 3rd Army took advantage of the victory to pursue. The Red 8th Army is still in the front and the Red 5th Army is in the rear. During the pursuit, Guo Yiqing, political commissar of the 3rd Column of the Red 8th Army, was wounded and killed. Nevertheless, the morale of the Red Army commanders and fighters was extremely high. He Changgong also organized a special shooter to fight the enemy's flag soldiers, and as soon as the enemy soldiers saw that the flag had fallen, they were immediately in chaos. The Red Army fought harder and harder, and the Xiang army surrendered one after another. The whole army of the Red 3rd Army marched in the direction of Changsha and approached the eastern outskirts of Changsha.
About the author: Taishi Xiaosheng, a lover of history, is especially passionate about reading and writing party history and military history. I have always wanted to look back at history more clearly, look at history more rationally, and write history more fluently.
The majority of history buffs are welcome to exchange axes.